Assistente AI
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00:01:680Michele De Carli: Okay, sure.
00:06:720Michele De Carli: Alright, we…
00:09:670Michele De Carli: were here, I think, last time, okay? So, as I told you last time, we need the… So if we want to produce in a… in a…
00:19:920Michele De Carli: efficient way, the cooling, if we… if we work with high temperature, initial systems.
00:30:990Michele De Carli: We should consider to split the food production with the two
00:37:400Michele De Carli: Replacement machines, okay, with two chillers, with two reversible pumps, okay.
00:44:90Michele De Carli: And in that case, we can, we can do that. Of course, we need the two chairs. Or we could, in principle, separate the timing when we want to work with one solution and the other, okay? We have a storage.
01:02:980Michele De Carli: We need storage to work.
01:04:950Michele De Carli: In… overnight, to… to cool the storage and to provide the cooling, then…
01:11:960Michele De Carli: To the emission systems, and in the… during the day, to cool the… Yeah.
01:19:930Michele De Carli: Yeah, he needs to be.
01:21:680Michele De Carli: And this is possible, okay?
01:25:520Michele De Carli: when we look at the thermoactive building system, okay? So, thermoactive building system is a radiance system that I introduced briefly. This is a technology where the pipes are embedded in the structure of the slab, okay?
01:44:730Michele De Carli: So, the, the pipes are, let's say, in between the cages of, the, concrete, two concrete layer, okay?
01:57:460Michele De Carli: And, as I told you, this is…
02:04:530Michele De Carli: The, let's say, the common solution in…
02:08:270Michele De Carli: in Central Europe, okay, for calling the offices, okay? So, I will try to explain a little bit the, the,
02:18:340Michele De Carli: The main, concept that it is behind the thermoil system, the taps, okay? So,
02:30:850Michele De Carli: Let's consider to have a… And…
02:36:140Michele De Carli: Let's consider to have an office, okay? This is an office room, okay?
02:42:300Michele De Carli: Which is faced west, okay? So, you can see, at 5 solar time, okay?
02:51:270Michele De Carli: AM in the morning, we have the sunrise, and we have, you can see here, we have the, we have the,
03:06:70Michele De Carli: Diffuse radiation propane. I'm trying to, okay. So the diffuse radiation is,
03:14:400Michele De Carli: made this way, okay, this is the pattern called it. Okay.
03:20:310Michele De Carli: Of the, of the… of the pusil radiation of the A,
03:26:400Michele De Carli: And at, 8, let's say, solar time, 9 AM, I mean, it doesn't matter the second one, but, I mean, in this case, you can see here, what do you have? You have a switch, or an instant, reload, okay, or let's say, again, okay, cool…
03:46:440Michele De Carli: that, is related to the…
03:51:250Michele De Carli: people entering, okay, and also due to the, due to the, air handling it, okay? So you, you…
04:01:10Michele De Carli: In this case, we consider that this air handling unit switches on, okay, in order to dehumidify the air. At the same time, we have people entering the office, okay? So we have internal gains and air handling units, which are, which are…
04:19:209Michele De Carli: Ryzen, the…
04:21:209Michele De Carli: the… the cooling gain, the, the, the heat gain, okay, with this, step function, okay? Stepwise function. Now, we, consider, you can see that here you have the… the… the similar, so this is the pattern of the…
04:39:680Michele De Carli: Of the diffuser radiation, okay.
04:42:680Michele De Carli: the office is faced west, okay, so it means that at, let's say, from Moon.
04:49:780Michele De Carli: Let's say in the afternoon, we are also big, that is solar addiction.
04:54:390Michele De Carli: That is why the solar radiation enters, okay, and in this case, we can see that the direct solar radiation will produce this
05:05:770Michele De Carli: pick in the… I will highlight in part, okay? Then, people, get out of the office, we switch off also the reunit, okay, so that, we can have this servicing again, so it is not…
05:24:700Michele De Carli: Here, okay, you have the same
05:27:70Michele De Carli: power, okay, the same loads, the same internal gains and the aluminium, the way the aluminium switches off, okay, and then you adjust the solar radius, okay?
05:40:850Michele De Carli: So, if you are pulling, building, during the day, okay, you are… you have to, subtract all the, let's say, solar gain, the internal gain, and of course, the, the air handling unit
06:00:270Michele De Carli: logged, okay. If you consider just the air and unit, okay, just the primary air, okay.
06:09:700Michele De Carli: And how much it…
06:12:690Michele De Carli: it accounts, okay, during the day, okay? You can see that this is the orange area, okay? So during the day, the…
06:23:30Michele De Carli: lead for the cooling and dehumidification of the year is the orange area here, okay? All the rest that is now highlighted, okay, is the, let's say, internal gains and solar gains, okay, which you have during the
06:41:910Michele De Carli: No.
06:44:430Michele De Carli: what you could consider is the energy that you should remove during the daytime, okay? Imagine that this energy could be stored, okay, together with the clarity, okay?
07:00:330Michele De Carli: overnight, in a thermal storage, in a pool thermal storage, which, is actually the, okay, the
07:10:00Michele De Carli: thermal energy, okay, the destructors of the… of this lab, okay?
07:15:860Michele De Carli: So if you do that, okay, you can work.
07:20:690Michele De Carli: During the day, with the children.
07:24:700Michele De Carli: evaporating at 5 degrees C, okay, in order to have the primary airplification, and you can run with the chiller overnight, okay, at 17 degrees C at evaporation temperature, in order to store the cooling load in the overnight.
07:43:770Michele De Carli: It means that you cool down the starters overnight, then the starters will release, or will heat up during the day, okay, and you will provide the air with the air in it, the pressure, the humidified pressure, okay?
07:59:640Michele De Carli: So, you can see here, you can have a peak load reduction, yes? I didn't understand how…
08:07:290Michele De Carli: It installed the cooling effect in these, pipes.
08:13:990Michele De Carli: The pipes are embedded in the, in the… in the sled. They are 20 centimeters of full concrete to store the… Exactly because the concrete doesn't, allow the…
08:24:930Michele De Carli: the heat to flow? No, I mean, you, you, you cool down the, the, the slab, okay, you cool down the… the structures, and the structure will cool also the other structures, the other, the other rooms. So the whole build… the whole wheel will be…
08:41:90Michele De Carli: Yes, or something, yes.
08:48:520Michele De Carli: Okay, so you can do that, okay, and of course, you have the peak load reduction, which, of course, is also beneficial, because you can reduce the peak load… the peak load of the chiller, you can… you will reduce the electric power of the,
09:06:260Michele De Carli: for this chiller, and so on, okay? And you can work with two different temperatures. Yes? In this way, the chiller will work,
09:16:590Michele De Carli: Yes.
09:20:310Michele De Carli: Yes, yes, but overnight, if you have a meltwater chili, overnight you have colder conditions outside, so you will have also the benefit of… of a lower condensation temperature.
09:33:330Michele De Carli: And India is not able to face all the load.
09:37:780Michele De Carli: Would there be anything.
09:39:50Michele De Carli: We're in backups. But perhaps, yes, you can do that, and I will be showing you how. But I mean, but over… during the day, you have to end the year, anyway.
09:50:130Michele De Carli: So here you can see what happens, okay? So you can see that with the… this is the temperature of the water, which means the temperature of the slime, okay? So you can see…
10:01:770Michele De Carli: That they return water temperature, okay, so you can see, during the day, the water is still, okay, so if there is no movement, then you switch on the cooling machine, okay, and you will have water, let's say, at dramatic high temperature, okay?
10:18:640Michele De Carli: At the same time, you should keep the temperatures, okay, in between 23 and 26 degrees over the day, okay? So, it means that when the temperatures fall below, let's say, 22,
10:34:800Michele De Carli: 0.5, so you can see that during the night, they… you reach with the
10:41:750Michele De Carli: Mean radial temperature. You reach 22 degrees C, okay, which is enough, okay, so 22 degrees minus 0.5 SPMB, okay?
10:51:300Michele De Carli: Of course, you should increase the temperature by 3DC, okay, over the day, so keeping a maximum temperature of 26 degrees, okay?
11:02:90Michele De Carli: you have to do the calculations, and you have to manage this. Now, which are the advantages? Well, we have, we have, said which are the advantages, okay.
11:12:500Michele De Carli: We can work with two different levels at the evaporating temperature, and we will see, also the temperatures that we can use, okay?
11:24:470Michele De Carli: And the maximum load is, let's say, from 50 to 60 quads per square 30, okay, what I, what I told you also for the other, let's say, efficient, systems, okay?
11:37:340Michele De Carli: Of course, there are some critical aspects, the weight of the structures, because we need from concrete, so especially in,
11:45:10Michele De Carli: seismic areas like ours, usually we don't use full, full concrete, okay? That, I mean, we can… and of course, we need some simulations.
11:56:550Michele De Carli: Here, I show you, okay, an example of a simplified chart that we proposed for the standards, okay, where we can see, which… how we can size the tabs, okay? So here, you see you have 3 different
12:13:540Michele De Carli: levels of energy that you have to, extract during the day, okay? So,
12:20:900Michele De Carli: 0.5 kilowatt hours per square meter, 0.4 kilowatt hours per square meter, and 0.25, okay? As per area.
12:32:800Michele De Carli: So let's consider, let's consider this,
12:37:960Michele De Carli: value here, for instance, okay? So let's consider that we want to run the system, okay? Let's imagine that we have… and the dot line represents the… if you want to work with 8 hours, with 12 hours, and 24 hours, okay? So this is…
12:55:860Michele De Carli: the duration of the cooling, okay? So, of the circulation of the water in the pipes, in the structures, okay? So, let's consider to have 8 hours, okay, as operation time.
13:10:40Michele De Carli: In this case, we can see that if we have a maximum load, I told you, 50 watts per square meter, okay, and we have to extract, imagine, let's imagine the highest amount of cooling load that we, that,
13:28:190Michele De Carli: We need to extract, okay. In this case, okay, we go, we reach the dot line here, okay, so we go.
13:37:50Michele De Carli: Here, and you can see this is the supply water temperature, okay? The supply water temperature is, let's say, around about 17.5 degrees, okay? Now, you go here, and here you have the size of the chiller, which is 60 watts per square meter.
13:52:970Michele De Carli: Okay, so now you can say, well, you told me it was 50, we have a reduction. If the maximum heat gain is 50, now we have 60 watts per square meter as maximum heat rate… heat rate, okay?
14:09:740Michele De Carli: All right, so what we can see, if we now go to the 12 hours operation, so if we go in this line here, okay, if this is the peak load, this is the
14:26:20Michele De Carli: heat that we have to extract, okay? You can see that we can run.
14:30:480Michele De Carli: For longer time, for 4 hours more, okay?
14:34:340Michele De Carli: By working for a longer time, you can increase the temperature by, let's say, 2 degrees C, so you can cool the slump at 19.5 degrees C, right?
14:47:430Michele De Carli: The resulting protocol will be.
14:51:180Michele De Carli: Round about 40s, okay?
14:54:800Michele De Carli: Usually, okay, based on our experience, the… in our climates, okay, usually, De… Cooling load.
15:06:300Michele De Carli: You need for the air hanging unit, okay?
15:11:550Michele De Carli: It is enough to pull down the structures of the night.
15:14:820Michele De Carli: Okay?
15:15:850Michele De Carli: So, you can limit the peak… the cooling power, okay, to the, power needed for the
15:26:880Michele De Carli: political or the Airbnb.
15:29:250Michele De Carli: Okay?
15:30:640Michele De Carli: Of course, you need to limit
15:33:180Michele De Carli: the solar edition, okay, Anthony. So, which means that you… you can work with this, but you have to really take care about the solar editions, okay? Otherwise, you cannot do that.
15:44:310Michele De Carli: As I told you, the buildings that you can find that are cooled down, like this technology, are, for instance, the Museum of Nine Master, okay?
15:54:390Michele De Carli: And also, there are some other buildings, okay, here in Italy, okay? Here in Italy, although, despite this,
16:03:820Michele De Carli: This solution has been introduced in the late 90s, okay, so around about 30 years ago.
16:10:430Michele De Carli: Okay, it, it, is not, I mean, really fully okay,
16:19:620Michele De Carli: considered here, okay? But, I mean, in principle, it's also the… the building of, manors, okay, in the… in the industrial area, okay, is also cooled down by this.
16:33:480Michele De Carli: technology.
16:34:780Michele De Carli: Alright, so…
16:37:380Michele De Carli: You can see… But you said before that for season reasons in Italy, it's not useful? Well, because usually we use light filling constructions, okay? Usually, we use… but there are several, also, studies showing that you can still work with that, okay? Usually, we use the predile, or we use light fillings.
16:56:330Michele De Carli: Okay, in order to make the zaps, okay, acting as, like, an itch, okay?
17:04:79Michele De Carli: We did it okay, for instance, in balance, okay, we did it, we put the pipes, okay,
17:11:770Michele De Carli: In a way that it was possible to make attacks. Of course, it is not as efficient as the full concrete, but… but, for instance, in Sutirol, in Alto Ambizet, okay.
17:24:430Michele De Carli: They do work with concrete through concrete, okay? The usual slab is through concrete.
17:32:940Michele De Carli: And, yet there are not so many buildings, okay, which is the tops, which is strange, because also they have…
17:42:880Michele De Carli: Right? I mean, they usually use technologies coming from Germany, okay, but… This case over there.
17:50:620Michele De Carli: I don't know now, but I was invited a few years ago to talk about taps and to show the benefits of TAPS.
18:00:550Michele De Carli: Okay, I want also to show you, okay, how to, let's say, how you can, in principle, have efficient solutions, okay, dealing with the distribution system, okay? Or, let's say, looking at how you can
18:16:580Michele De Carli: cool down the building, okay? Not only for the production side, but also on the, let's say, the,
18:25:250Michele De Carli: considering, okay, solutions which could, in principle, lower the… so make the systems more efficient, okay? So here, you see this is the Bangkok airport, okay, which meets
18:39:220Michele De Carli: Actually, 365 days per year cooling, okay.
18:46:380Michele De Carli: In this case, you can see they did what? They used the floor cooling, okay? So they used floor pooling.
18:55:150Michele De Carli: And, and they used the, displacement ventilation. Okay, so displacement ventilation, so they had
19:03:820Michele De Carli: They had specification, which was, here you see, this is the, the, the main, the main hole, okay, and they have some, coordinated area, on top for…
19:17:860Michele De Carli: Tour each.
19:19:780Michele De Carli: Eventually, we might have in here, but it's okay.
19:22:790Michele De Carli: So basically, they, they did, what did they do? They, of course, they worked on the…
19:31:00Michele De Carli: On, the world to, to, to, to lower, okay, the…
19:37:690Michele De Carli: The solar gain, okay? So they work on diagrup in order to reduce the solar gain, okay?
19:46:00Michele De Carli: And, they work with, radiant cooling, okay?
19:52:750Michele De Carli: So, floor cooling?
19:54:860Michele De Carli: And, with, displacement and ventilation, so they, they, they are here, okay? So you can see here, they have displacement and ventilation, displacement and ventilation also here, okay? So the two ladders, they worked with this, with this system.
20:11:160Michele De Carli: And, you can see that, of course, the… by working at the local level, let's see, okay, so let's, so, considering the comfort that you can provide just at the bottom of the, of the, of the…
20:27:280Michele De Carli: Of the volume, okay?
20:29:690Michele De Carli: you can see that they could realize 30% of energy saving, okay? Because we don't need to pull down the whole volume, okay? But working with the displacement ventilation.
20:43:790Michele De Carli: And, radiant floor cooling, okay, it is… this is a good combo, okay, if you have large buildings, okay, like,
20:53:490Michele De Carli: With relevant heights, okay, so that you don't have to cool down the whole ball.
20:59:730Michele De Carli: Okay?
21:03:40Michele De Carli: Okay, and then, of course, this is a very, quite, let's say, diffuse solution, okay, for…
21:12:530Michele De Carli: When you have a full air system, okay? And, since today you work,
21:21:10Michele De Carli: As a tool, we are working just mainly with a heat pump, okay. Then, what you could do, you could make a unique machine, which is,
21:33:940Michele De Carli: Which is integrating the heat pump with the air handling unit, okay? Reversible heat pump, so that you can work with emission, okay?
21:42:380Michele De Carli: This solution is called a rooftop, sorry, rooftop solution, okay? Rooftop means, they are usually placed on the roof, okay? And, they are, a very,
21:57:990Michele De Carli: quite a different solution for retail, retail buildings, okay, or also other types of buildings, okay, like cinemas and so on.
22:10:80Michele De Carli: And in that case, you can, you can, have the fuller system, okay, and the stock can work.
22:18:810Michele De Carli: integratorium and the heat pump on both, okay?
22:25:130Michele De Carli: Yeah, this is in India, this is, of course, internet. Yes, this is a catch-overtop, okay, so you can see that the machines are, let's say, and by Bingo, they are combining, okay, the reverse oil pump and the air hanging unit, okay?
22:44:170Michele De Carli: I have not so much to say, because this is quite a common solution, okay?
22:50:680Michele De Carli: I think, yes, you, you have seen maybe them in the…
22:56:850Michele De Carli: I think there was a rooftop on the ceiling.
23:01:590Michele De Carli: I was great when I joined him. No, of Cleveland, I don't know.
23:05:390Michele De Carli: Okay, last but not least, okay, another possibility is also to use the absorption cycles. Okay, I don't want to spend too much time on that, okay, but let's say that
23:19:180Michele De Carli: The absorption cycles, okay, they usually use, instead, so they, they are, let's say, common, relatively common.
23:31:250Michele De Carli: cooling cycles, okay, so you have, we can…
23:36:490Michele De Carli: I will highlight, okay? We have…
23:39:620Michele De Carli: This part here, okay, which is, like, the…
23:45:690Michele De Carli: Left-hander side of the refrigeration
23:52:390Michele De Carli: Cooling cycle, okay, where we have the condenser, We have the…
23:57:600Michele De Carli: the throttling wave, okay, and we have the evaporator. Okay, so this… the left-hand side of this cycle is exactly the same as a cooling cycle, compression.
24:15:180Michele De Carli: pulling cycle. Here, what we have in… on this side, okay, is instead what is replacing the compressor, and of course, we need a special, let's say.
24:29:200Michele De Carli: site. We need the special, let's say,
24:33:630Michele De Carli: combination of system, of subsystems, okay? Where we have, where we usually use the two, to,
24:44:860Michele De Carli: components, okay, which are,
24:50:70Michele De Carli: Separating at high, here, okay, at high temperature.
24:55:910Michele De Carli: Then one component is then passing through the coding cycle, and the other component, okay, is instead going… there is…
25:10:410Michele De Carli: A mistake here in the arrows, okay? The arrows are going here.
25:18:570Michele De Carli: Okay, and in this case, okay,
25:25:210Michele De Carli: You have that… the other component is, let's say, going here, okay, and then…
25:32:640Michele De Carli: going to the, let's say, to the, common trouble again, where you discharge the heat. Here, what you need, you need heating at
25:41:500Michele De Carli: let's say, high temperature, usually above 90 degrees C, okay?
25:46:490Michele De Carli: This is, the best would be to work at least with 90 degrees. See, okay, still 80 degrees is okay, but, I mean, the best would be to work with 90 degrees, okay?
25:56:540Michele De Carli: So, with this system, if you have a heat source at 90 degrees C, okay, you can use this cycle in order to absorb the heat, okay?
26:08:810Michele De Carli: Yeah, this one. And to, let's say, make the separation of the two components, one component is running the cycle, the green cycle, and the other one is, let's say, going this way, and then they mitigate in the
26:24:910Michele De Carli: absolve, okay? Okay, usually the, the, I mean, for cooling, okay, which is our, let's say, interest, usually you have,
26:38:740Michele De Carli: Lithium bromide, okay, which is the fluid, which is…
26:42:270Michele De Carli: going this way, and here you use water, okay? So, water, lithium bromide are the… is the typical mixture, okay, that you use in this kind of system.
26:55:70Michele De Carli: And, this kind of system, okay, can be interesting if you can use some
27:02:570Michele De Carli: And as I told you, thermal energy, okay, as you have seen in,
27:07:80Michele De Carli: renewable energy sources, starting technologies, if you have, for instance, a solar, solar, terminal solar systems, okay, or if you work with the code generation system, okay? If you have a code generation.
27:20:290Michele De Carli: Which is usually used, especially in hospitals, okay? And you might, convert the heating into pouring, okay? You can use an absorption chiller to generate
27:33:990Michele De Carli: Usually these, systems have a COP of 0.7, so they can release 7, cooling units each thermal, each term units of absorbed heat in the, in the absolute, okay?
27:51:160Michele De Carli: We had, some years ago, also some absorption in pump, okay? But, they are mainly working with the combustion, okay, so these systems are not
28:04:710Michele De Carli: And it worked very, extensively used to S in the past, because, of course, we need to, convert the natural gas into, into electricity, okay?
28:20:40Michele De Carli: All right?
28:21:390Michele De Carli: Okay.
28:23:870Michele De Carli: So, that's all for this part.
28:38:190Michele De Carli: S.
28:39:850Michele De Carli: Hmm, sorry.