Assistente AI
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00:13:470Michele De Carli: Okay, so we are going now to the last
00:20:300Michele De Carli: We're going to close it, to close the generation part, okay?
00:25:220Michele De Carli: And we are going to talk about the cooling.
00:29:600Michele De Carli: generations, okay? Why do we consider
00:37:140Michele De Carli: Cooling separate from heat pump and heat generation system work for two main reasons, okay?
00:44:680Michele De Carli: The first reason that, historically, the chillers, the cooling machines were, have to… A few years ago, okay?
00:55:90Michele De Carli: They were installed together with gasoline. That's okay.
00:59:530Michele De Carli: And the second point is that, in any case, in new buildings.
01:06:100Michele De Carli: You're… you need more cooling than heating, okay? Which means that in any case, okay, even though you're considering a vegetable heat pump.
01:17:650Michele De Carli: Especially for large, size applications, and for sure, in non-residential applications, the cooling is much more relevant than the heating, okay?
01:29:550Michele De Carli: So…
01:30:860Michele De Carli: So we, we, of course, we talk about the cooling systems, but of course, some of them can
01:38:70Michele De Carli: can be just the reversing the cycle of the HIPAA, okay? And then we also… we are also going to see how to efficiently produce cooling, okay?
01:49:960Michele De Carli: In the different applications, because now you have the overall overview, okay, of the initial system, of the de-modification, entering here, and so on.
02:01:260Michele De Carli: Okay, so…
02:03:310Michele De Carli: This is what we have seen, okay, but we are mainly focused on the air-to-water pump, okay, because water-to-water, we have… we have seen it a bit in renewable energy technologies course, okay, but basically.
02:18:310Michele De Carli: The, the more… the most used one are the air-to-water pump. Okay.
02:25:250Michele De Carli: And, let's have a look at the cooling, systems. Okay, so here…
02:32:530Michele De Carli: we can have, let's say, 3 different, two different big, big, different, big, big, systems, okay? One is the compressed, compression cylinders.
02:46:260Michele De Carli: Anyone is… which can be also interesting, is absorption changes, okay?
02:51:170Michele De Carli: Especially for large applications, and where we have, for instance, the tree generation, or where we have, where we have water at at least 90 degrees C, okay?
03:04:410Michele De Carli: With the compression clearing, so we just mentioned them, okay, we will just mention them, but we mainly look at compression.
03:12:150Michele De Carli: For the compression chiller, we, we have done two different, systems. One is the hydronic, so the water, the solution, with condensation in air or in air, water.
03:32:480Michele De Carli: And the direct expansion, you need to switch up the user switch system, okay, I mean, that also rooftop, okay, which is a very common solution for, especially for retail,
03:46:610Michele De Carli: or for, cinemas, okay, and, I mean, where we have large, spaces, too.
03:54:790Michele De Carli: to hit the ankle, okay? And we have to do it with the air.
03:59:870Michele De Carli: So, let's have a look at the typical, I want to say, conditions, okay. Let's start with the air-to-water chila, or the condensed air chiller.
04:10:670Michele De Carli: In this case, of course, the chiller is extracting the cooling demand of the building, and then by the first cycle, it's, okay.
04:20:730Michele De Carli: condensing towards the outer air. Usually, the condition, the outer air, the reference outer air conditions are 35 degrees, okay? So usually, the producer, they provide the data, or the
04:35:950Michele De Carli: of the condensed air chambers with the reference level to about 35 degrees. This is the usual value, okay? Of course, if you are
04:48:450Michele De Carli: But above, above this temperature, okay, then you have to ask for better information, okay?
04:55:860Michele De Carli: If you are in, in the…
04:58:100Michele De Carli: extreme, severe countries, okay, like, Middle East, or…
05:03:190Michele De Carli: Okay, or wherever, okay, or in the tropical area, you might need 40, 45 degrees or something like that, so you need to…
05:12:300Michele De Carli: To have special machines, okay?
05:15:590Michele De Carli: And this is the typical machine, okay, for small side application. This is the user machine that you have up to the same 12 kilos.
05:25:520Michele De Carli: of cooling the power. For, greater power, usually you have 30, then you have the fan, which is on top of the machine, okay? If you are above 18, 20 degrees.
05:41:140Michele De Carli: drugs. No caravan.
05:44:530Michele De Carli: But Peter wants to add, this…
05:53:20Michele De Carli: Huh?
05:54:40Michele De Carli: Yeah, the fan is working horizontally, let's say, okay? So you have this kind of distribution, okay? If you are between 12 and 20 kilowatts, okay, usually you have two fans, okay, so please…
06:09:490Michele De Carli: higher, and you have two farms above 20 kilos, similarly, the… the farm is put on top horizontally, okay? Then you have this configuration, okay, the… the deconfiguration of the pinned,
06:26:510Michele De Carli: The defaults, okay?
06:28:460Michele De Carli: And usually all the other stuff is put below the machine, okay?
06:35:410Michele De Carli: So that is how it works.
06:37:930Michele De Carli: Another… of course, you know, if you work with 35 degrees C as outer air condition, you will condense more or less.
06:52:380Michele De Carli: 50 degrees C, let's say, above this condition. So, if you have 35 degrees C outside, okay, well, it depends, again, on the size and the pin coil, okay, but usually you work with 50 degrees
07:05:850Michele De Carli: The condensing temperature is 15 degrees above the temperature, okay? So, it means that you are condensing at 50 degrees, okay?
07:15:00Michele De Carli: If you want to have a better performance, then you can work with the wind powers, okay? So you work by means of the evaporative concept, okay? So you have water.
07:29:750Michele De Carli: that by evaporation, okay, is, working and basically as reference to viewpoint temperature, which is usually, if you are work… if you have 35 degrees C.
07:41:690Michele De Carli: outside is usually 36 degrees, okay? So, in this case, you might have cooling towers, which are, say, spraying the water in order to cool
07:54:470Michele De Carli: The water, which is then cooling the condenser, okay, and then the heat is rejected, or is working, incessable rapidly.
08:08:690Michele De Carli: But of course, in this case, you will have some consumption. Of course, not a dramatic consumption. You have to face some maintenance costs, which are greater, because the water has to be treated, okay, in the
08:21:260Michele De Carli: might need more, maintenance, but the cost of maintenance could be much lower than the cost that you have for the better… for the…
08:34:970Michele De Carli: counterbalance by the saving in the cost of the bill, because you have it better in your… okay?
08:42:400Michele De Carli: So in this case, yeah.
08:45:380Michele De Carli: you're working with the water refrigerant, which will lower the density that refrigerant, and the fluid, and you will have 10 degrees lower source, okay? So you will gain
08:58:30Michele De Carli: heating, okay, even more, degrees C as condensing temperature, okay? So, which means that you will have a greater heating power.
09:07:00Michele De Carli: There are solutions which are now… they are combining these two, so it might be that if you have outdoor temperatures which are not very warm, okay, and still you need cooling, okay, then you can have a mixed… you can have a similar
09:27:370Michele De Carli: a similar machine, okay, with the vertical filters, okay, and where you might have some water, okay, flowing.
09:38:360Michele De Carli: And in this case, you are working with water, so by working with an operation, just when you are above a certain temperature, and if you are below a certain temperature, you work with just the air.
09:51:980Michele De Carli: Oh, jeez.
09:53:150Michele De Carli: So it's a high bit of a solution, okay?
09:56:140Michele De Carli: Okay, and of course, you can, always work with the water, with the water,
10:07:690Michele De Carli: Rejection, or rejection of the heat into the water, in an aquifer, which is beautiful.
10:13:550Michele De Carli: the easiest way, or consider a closed-loop particle exchanger. In this case, if you use the aquifer, the source is even at lower temperature, because the source is at 15 degrees C, because this is the usual temperature that you have in the aquifer.
10:33:340Michele De Carli: If you're working with an exchange, right?
10:36:570Michele De Carli: it would be, let's very similar, on average, as the temperature that you have with thermals. And because, as you have seen in urbanized thermal scores.
10:49:100Michele De Carli: If you work with a closed-group grounded exchanger, you cool down the ground during the winter, and you heat up the ground into summer, because you are
10:59:900Michele De Carli: Extracting the heat in winter, and you are extracting the heat in summer.
11:04:170Michele De Carli: The point is to match this to… a balance between the energy that you are extracting in the… from the ground inmit and releasing the ground inside, okay?
11:16:370Michele De Carli: All right, so this is, and then you have… there are other possibilities to work.
11:23:190Michele De Carli: With an air-to-water series, so in this case, as I told you, I think, don't know why, but…
11:31:390Michele De Carli: In this case, we work with extra direct sponsorship units, which are working with water, with the water loop, okay? This is not really much used here in Europe, it's really much used in North America and Canada.
11:47:630Michele De Carli: U.S, okay? But, I mean, this is also a solution. And of course, you have the data dispatch partial units, okay, like, for instance, as you can see here, which serve, of course, a possible solution, okay, with more or less complex.
12:07:540Michele De Carli: Alright, so this is,
12:11:340Michele De Carli: Or for, let's say, the cooling system, because at the end, it's an inverse cycle, so we have not so much to say.
12:19:30Michele De Carli: Now I want to, explain a little bit how I want you to,
12:26:590Michele De Carli: Show you, how we can then consider or combine what we have seen so far.
12:34:630Michele De Carli: Especially with the… The, the systems which are supposed to be efficient in terms of emission levels, okay?
12:44:460Michele De Carli: Like the, chill beams or the radius system.
12:48:660Michele De Carli: Okay, how you get work in principle, okay?
12:53:200Michele De Carli: All right, so this is the, operation with a Liba. Okay, so this is a…
13:01:830Michele De Carli: an air-to-water system, okay? So let's consider, let's start with, let's say, most traditional, system that we have. In the past, as we have seen when we… when we talked about the
13:13:780Michele De Carli: Circuits, we have seen that usually, in the past, we had one boiler and one.
13:18:910Michele De Carli: And if you remember, when we started talking about the atomic sequence, okay, we have seen the possibility to work with two pipes, or four pipes, and we have seen the typical, the typical, distribution and generation, of the condition system, where we have
13:38:350Michele De Carli: the primary sequence forward to the bottom? Okay, and the primary sequel for the children, okay?
13:46:760Michele De Carli: Do you remember the two slides? And then we had two or four pipes, okay, distribution system? So, at the beginning of the hydraulic part, okay, we have seen
13:58:370Michele De Carli: That we have here, the tool, Raiman.
14:03:10Michele De Carli: Seeing Prince of Code, but firstly, pretty young, Okay, if you remember…
14:08:830Michele De Carli: Yeah, the bottom here, we have the SPR95 circuit.
14:14:230Michele De Carli: And we might have one, one secret, okay, for… so to…
14:20:300Michele De Carli: wood pipes, or two circuits, the paper pipes, which are… So, in the… in the older buildings, okay, but in classic… the classic system was to produce
14:35:40Michele De Carli: The hot water in the boiler, and the cold water with the sheer side.
14:45:790Michele De Carli: It was the picture, okay?
14:48:30Michele De Carli: So, exactly this feature here, okay?
14:52:910Michele De Carli: Now, what happens if you want to work with APAN?
15:00:110Michele De Carli: We, we want, we could work with heat pump, okay?
15:07:20Michele De Carli: And they planted, in general, let's say, air-water system, okay?
15:13:660Michele De Carli: So let's have a look at, let's say, this… let's talk about land applications, okay? We will see, then, for residential buildings, we have already seen the heat pumps, okay, usually the airport heat pumps, and we are going to see how to manage the
15:29:790Michele De Carli: identification while you work with the radiance. Okay, so for small size application, we are going to see how we can
15:39:570Michele De Carli: produce cooling, okay, for small size application for residential buildings, at the end of the course. Okay, so right now, we are… let's have a look on, or at the, let's say, large size solutions, okay? So, buildings which are bigger than,
15:58:260Michele De Carli: big enough, okay? So, from 20, 30 kilos above, okay?
16:04:890Michele De Carli: So, here, you might imagine to have an office building, you have the zones, okay?
16:12:800Michele De Carli: And in this case, okay, you have the missile system, in this case, you can have any missile system, we don't care, and we have also the primary here, so we provide here for, as we have seen, for the components, okay?
16:29:470Michele De Carli: So this… In this case, let's say, ignorant.
16:37:760Michele De Carli: in a new building, we will work for sure with the HIPAAP. So we are not working anymore with lawyers and cheaters, but in the HPAC, we work both closely, okay? So…
16:51:270Michele De Carli: By working as a hipath.
16:55:60Michele De Carli: The, the, the, the condenser?
17:00:850Michele De Carli: We'll condensate in water, okay?
17:05:170Michele De Carli: And then we will have them.
17:08:310Michele De Carli: a magnifold which should distribute the water in at least two circuits, okay? One is for the R&D unit, for the chemical of the R&D unit, and the other one will be, for the, for the,
17:28:890Michele De Carli: emissions. And of course, it depends what you will, what you do, okay? So, this…
17:39:360Michele De Carli: orange areas, they represent the heat exchange, okay? This is the pink oil, and this is the water, two water, and so on. Let's say.
17:47:660Michele De Carli: You can directly work there.
17:50:00Michele De Carli: in the system, okay? Anyway, what I want to say is that in this case, you have to check which is the temperature that you need
17:59:740Michele De Carli: in the different initial units, so in the maximum temperature that's supply. What do you think?
18:05:580Michele De Carli: And here's the temperature that you need for supplying heat to the… to the air.
18:12:490Michele De Carli: Usually, even if you work with very small temperatures, so even if you work with low temperatures, the initial system, like radiant system, or
18:23:720Michele De Carli: Or, or, chin, activities, okay.
18:27:730Michele De Carli: In principle,
18:30:180Michele De Carli: You are able, okay, to work or to heat there if needed, because you could even supply the air
18:40:580Michele De Carli: Just with the heat recovery, as we have seen, but we said that in principle, you can deliver if you want.
18:47:710Michele De Carli: With the temperature that you need in a meeting, okay?
18:52:140Michele De Carli: So, heating is not a problem, okay? So, you… you will condensate the water, sorry, you will condensate at the water temperature that you will need in the building. So, heating is not a problem, okay? And if you work with low-level initial system.
19:10:920Michele De Carli: Of course, you will increase the efficiency of the heat pump. Okay, so if you work with 30 degrees C, or 35 degrees C as
19:20:930Michele De Carli: Water supply, right?
19:24:470Michele De Carli: the heat pump will work perfectly, okay? The COP of the heat pump, of the air towards the heat pump, will be high, okay? So, you are… you will condensate 40 degrees C, which is
19:36:980Michele De Carli: Pepper to me, which is okay.
19:39:650Michele De Carli: Now, this is the…
19:42:840Michele De Carli: In case of cooling, in case of cooling. What happens in case of cooling? Well.
19:48:300Michele De Carli: In case of cooling, you need to provide cooling, chilled water, in the
19:54:220Michele De Carli: Initial secret, and on the air, and you can do.
19:58:620Michele De Carli: Very.
20:02:70Michele De Carli: And on the other side, okay, you will need the red cores, okay? The red car, is usually needed in order to, let's say, keep the air, at the minimum temperature, okay, in order to, let's say, we have some…
20:22:40Michele De Carli: some courses that is in the supply temperature of the air, okay? Because the air should be at least 60 degrees.
20:30:260Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is the first point. The first point is to… is to…
20:36:440Michele De Carli: how can we produce the help water for the rate hub? In the past, it was not a problem, okay? If you look at the… I don't know if…
20:47:260Michele De Carli: But in the past, You use the binder.
20:51:310Michele De Carli: Okay?
20:52:350Michele De Carli: Even yourself.
20:53:970Michele De Carli: Today, You can recover part of the pronunciation. But the comparison.
21:04:570Michele De Carli: In order to hit the air, and of course, this will be… this will lead to a greater efficiency, because in this case, you burned natural gas.
21:15:730Michele De Carli: breathe in the air, okay?
21:19:190Michele De Carli: Today, with the…
21:21:260Michele De Carli: condensed heat that you anyway would reject, okay? You could… you could rate the air, okay? So, you can recover part of the energy, which is then as, okay, lost by the boiler, okay?
21:39:470Michele De Carli: So this is the first, first, let's say, efficiency, measure. Okay, so…
21:48:470Michele De Carli: Recovering the heat from the heat pump.
21:51:830Michele De Carli: Fourth.
21:53:30Michele De Carli: The eight cars, okay, will… Later to an increase of efficiency.
21:59:840Michele De Carli: Now, let's focus on the cooling, cycle, sorry, on the, on the, on the, on the cooling side of the, of, of the system.
22:08:620Michele De Carli: In this case, you can see your…
22:11:580Michele De Carli: Chill in the water, okay, for both.
22:14:920Michele De Carli: The emission systems and the air, okay?
22:21:400Michele De Carli: So, in principle, you could work here with
22:27:90Michele De Carli: two possibilities. One possibility is to work with the usual temperatures that you have 7…
22:32:390Michele De Carli: 12 degrees C, in case of usual tranco units.
22:37:70Michele De Carli: R?
22:38:110Michele De Carli: And, on the other side, here.
22:41:270Michele De Carli: You need to cool the humidifier.
22:44:850Michele De Carli: And here, you will have 712 degrees C, okay? Here, in principle, you could work on the user side, on the mission system. You could work with a greater temperature, let's say.
22:56:890Michele De Carli: 15 degrees C, or N supply, and 18 degrees C return, okay? Because you might work with the radiant
23:05:690Michele De Carli: Seen increased.
23:09:470Michele De Carli: But, you are… so, in this case.
23:14:350Michele De Carli: Not wrong. You will have a new way to produce the cold water at 70 degrees, so you will evaporate at about 40 AC, okay, and that is the evaporation temperature that you have.
23:26:720Michele De Carli: But you can see that here, if you had a high temperature emission system, and at the same time you need to cool and dehumidify the air.
23:37:200Michele De Carli: Okay? Here, you could have a greater efficiency. Why? Because
23:42:110Michele De Carli: In principle, you could evaporate at two different temperatures, because in this case, you have… you're working with an emission system, which in principle could work at high temperature, and in this case, you could rise the temperature of the evaporation, or something.
24:01:570Michele De Carli: The level of the temperature out there.
24:03:560Michele De Carli: Please don't Yes.
24:11:160Michele De Carli: But, on the other side, you are a lower unit, which is, okay, which is due to the fact that you have the unified water, so we need to, to develop authentic factors, okay?
24:25:30Michele De Carli: And here, there is no possibility. Either you mix.
24:29:830Michele De Carli: The supply return temperature with the three-way vape mix, sorry, with a 3-way vape.
24:37:530Michele De Carli: And you regress the pendant from 7 to 15.
24:41:950Michele De Carli: would feel that they… The emission system, okay?
24:47:900Michele De Carli: aren't?
24:49:990Michele De Carli: You have to split.
24:53:20Michele De Carli: Okay, then?
24:55:30Michele De Carli: the two systems, okay? Why? Because…
24:59:100Michele De Carli: Someone would… could ask, why don't you work with an evaporator which is allowing to work from 7 to 15 degrees C? Okay, so to have… you have a heat exchanger, which is operating from 7 to…
25:15:190Michele De Carli: 50 dBs. But even if you are working with an evaporator which is condensed to different temperature levels.
25:23:170Michele De Carli: the EDR of the cooling machine will be AE.
25:27:480Michele De Carli: Okay.
25:28:540Michele De Carli: Due to death, we won't touch you.
25:31:420Michele De Carli: So, which means that the evaporation temperature will be, anyway, 5 degrees C. So, from the efficiency point of view.
25:39:60Michele De Carli: Okay, you have… you are not working properly. Okay, so I… in any case, you could… okay, you are working at 5 degrees C.
25:49:930Michele De Carli: So the only way to have a… who… who work?
25:54:940Michele De Carli: Or to add efficiency.
25:57:140Michele De Carli: to increase the efficiency in the cooling production is if you… if you work with a high temperature emission system.
26:09:00Michele De Carli: To split detonation between.
26:12:950Michele De Carli: The courage or decaying.
26:15:410Michele De Carli: And the cooling for the initial system, because this is the only way you can.
26:22:220Michele De Carli: you can.
26:23:460Michele De Carli: evaporated at 7°C, started at 5°C for produced for daily defined here, and on the other side to produce
26:32:550Michele De Carli: 15, okay, 17 BC, as, as a temperature, water temperature distribution project, and it's just the same, okay? But if you're able.
26:44:750Michele De Carli: to work.
26:47:590Michele De Carli: With these temperatures.
26:53:470Michele De Carli: What can you do?
27:05:420Michele De Carli: If you have a measure system which is able to work outside of the missing supply.
27:10:490Michele De Carli: And you had water from an aquifer.
27:13:920Michele De Carli: You just need a selection.
27:17:300Michele De Carli: Okay?
27:19:890Michele De Carli: So, if you're working in aquifer, you could add a free cooling.
27:25:190Michele De Carli: If you're able to cool the…
27:27:640Michele De Carli: rooms with 90 degrees C as supply temperature.
27:31:350Michele De Carli: Okay?
27:33:480Michele De Carli: And in this case, Okay?
27:36:900Michele De Carli: You would…
27:38:760Michele De Carli: maybe nothing too bad. You could need… you would need that, because you need it for… for heat pump, okay, but… but luckily, you won't need any compressor side, compressor side.
27:49:440Michele De Carli: Good.
27:51:260Michele De Carli: So, in the only way, I mean, we have seen that we can
27:59:140Michele De Carli: We can work some. I will erase the cross, because I need to…
28:08:480Michele De Carli: To talk a little bit more.
28:10:910Michele De Carli: Do you need?
28:12:420Michele De Carli: So, the only way to have a… An efficient production system.
28:20:790Michele De Carli: agree.
28:22:190Michele De Carli: If you were… is work with high temperature emission system.
28:27:850Michele De Carli: So, radiant ceiling, okay, activities, and so on, or last one comes, okay?
28:34:460Michele De Carli: And to operate with two generation systems, with two chillers, okay? Or, if you are able to work with one chiller.
28:43:980Michele De Carli: And to store the energy, okay, in order to shift one, the one… one… one… one demand properly.
28:55:930Michele De Carli: From one time to another, okay? But this is the only way you can do that.
28:59:690Michele De Carli: Okay?
29:01:320Michele De Carli: All right.
29:03:280Michele De Carli: Okay, so… We are going to…
29:08:810Michele De Carli: Yes, okay, next week, we are going to have letters, the three days, okay? The third day, we could go in the seminar room, where you meet, Marco Barrigo, so that we can have, another look at the embartree. Okay, so you will see some practical examples, so…
29:28:690Michele De Carli: applications, okay? Okay, have a nice weekend, and see you next week.