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00:11:590Michele De Carli: Okay.
00:18:360Michele De Carli: So, just to recap, okay, this is the way you usually build up the horizontal structures in the building, okay?
00:31:430Michele De Carli: Which means that you need some structural layer in order to resist to the loads of the building.
00:39:430Michele De Carli: structural loads, and and then we have, ash limitations.
00:47:470Michele De Carli: And then we have, the, I mean, a mayor who hosts for the, the…
00:54:950Michele De Carli: the plants, the map, and on top, you have the radial system, okay? So this is everything below, and above the map, you have the radiant system, which usually consists on
01:11:950Michele De Carli: In, insulation layer.
01:16:120Michele De Carli: usually 3 centimeters, and, descriptor where the pipes are… the pipes at the beginning, where, let's say, when,
01:26:590Michele De Carli: I told you that, the radio systems are well known since hundreds of years, but let's say that in HVAC, the…
01:37:500Michele De Carli: the radiant systems appear again, okay, as potential heating systems in the 60s, here in France, Italy, okay? But at that time, the pipes were made in Ireland, okay?
01:55:260Michele De Carli: And, and, and, of course, they had problems of corrosion, and also they had
02:04:650Michele De Carli: They land good to high temperature.
02:07:480Michele De Carli: surface temperatures because of the, great, load of the buildings that were not insulated, okay? So these are the two.
02:18:410Michele De Carli: So then, due to these problems, they disappeared, but then they came back again in the 90s because of the new pipes made in plastic, and they became very famous in Germany and also in Japan.
02:36:280Michele De Carli: Okay? So, this is, these are the typical, let's say, systems that you can find for floor solutions, okay? So, on the floor.
02:47:530Michele De Carli: distribution of the pipe can be done in these ways, okay? I start with this because this was one of the first types of
02:58:490Michele De Carli: Radiant System Solutions, okay.
03:01:500Michele De Carli: In this case, you can see that, of course, you have to lay down the pipes, but the pipes, they need to be somehow, linked to the insulin layer, okay? Because otherwise, when you put the street, they could flood, okay, and so they need to be
03:21:340Michele De Carli: let's say within the system, okay? So, in order to, fix the pipe to the, to the…
03:31:20Michele De Carli: to the bottom part of the… of the screen. You can do it mechanically, okay? And these are the typical solutions, okay? So, the first… one of the first types of radial systems were made like this, with
03:47:290Michele De Carli: Wire mesh, okay, and clips, okay, so that you could put down the pipe.
03:53:680Michele De Carli: Then, another solution was, this one here, with, some clips, okay, that could, that could, that could,
04:03:520Michele De Carli: Fix the pipe to the… to the… Did they… Israk?
04:10:250Michele De Carli: And then, you can have this, rascated, panel, okay, which…
04:19:920Michele De Carli: has this, this, this, kind of system, and in this case, you could, you could, you could put the pipe within, these spaces, okay, and they can be blocked into the…
04:39:650Michele De Carli: installation system. Very recently, the… a company, proposed, I think there are two companies now, but I…
04:52:10Michele De Carli: Doesn't matter. Another possibility is to lay down the tube, the type, with a darker of tape, okay? So, the insulation layer has a…
05:05:660Michele De Carli: And… Some, as, is, presents a… a…
05:15:700Michele De Carli: a textile, material on top, okay, so that the factor can be fixed, and this is very… these two solutions are very, very, very quick to install, because you can install the pipe in very… in a very quick way, okay, so that…
05:34:930Michele De Carli: quicker than with these solutions, okay? So you can lay down the pipe of one room in… In…
05:46:80Michele De Carli: Half an hour.
05:48:720Michele De Carli: Okay, so these are, typical systems, okay, for, can be… which can be used for…
05:56:970Michele De Carli: residential system and offices or tertiary buildings. You could also use the radio system in industrial application, okay? Of course, when you… when you want to build a floor,
06:12:540Michele De Carli: the floor on the industrial building. You need, like, this floor, okay.
06:20:600Michele De Carli: is able to resist to higher loads, structural loads, because you can have heavy machines on top, okay, so that you need some more
06:32:660Michele De Carli: robust start, so you needed to, to use, for sure, the, while the, the mesh or, are, the, like, dissolution or dissolution, okay, in residential buildings, usually.
06:49:790Michele De Carli: you don't necessarily need the white hash, okay? So, usually, the weight that you have
06:57:380Michele De Carli: Is not as… as big as
07:00:180Michele De Carli: to require a wire mesh, which leads to greater resistance from the mechanical point of view to the screen, to the concrete linear, okay? In this case, yes, you need to make it more resistant, so usually you need the
07:17:960Michele De Carli: Yay, babe.
07:19:770Michele De Carli: in order to lead to greater structural resistance, mechanical resistance, to… for the idea, load stacking.
07:31:860Michele De Carli: So what you, of course, Didn't mention that.
07:37:280Michele De Carli: In… so, in residential buildings, you work with… within 3 to 5 centimeters of screen. So, in this case, the…
07:48:510Michele De Carli: the pipes.
07:50:20Michele De Carli: Diameter is around about 12-15 millimeters, external diameter, okay? And of course, you have smaller
08:00:250Michele De Carli: areas, okay? So, it means that, it means that also the secrets can be, can be, can be, non-large, okay?
08:12:530Michele De Carli: Why? Because, you know, if you think about the debt.
08:22:640Michele De Carli: That's okay.
08:24:710Michele De Carli: I didn't check my nitro.
08:31:730Michele De Carli: No.
08:34:360Michele De Carli: Sorry, maybe the album would not be that good.
08:40:240Michele De Carli: I just make a post.
08:43:240Michele De Carli: Sorry, let me check the microphones.
08:47:00Michele De Carli: I'm not.
08:49:620Michele De Carli: CC, okay.
08:52:140Michele De Carli: Okay.
08:53:860Michele De Carli: So now, so the, the… So remember that
09:02:430Michele De Carli: I mean, looking at the cross-section, okay? If this is the insulation layer, and here you have the pipes, okay? This is the…
09:12:790Michele De Carli: Byte spacing, okay, that you have, which is usually maintained.
09:19:10Michele De Carli: And of course, if you are…
09:22:190Michele De Carli: If you have a room, imagine that you are laying down in your vibes, okay, like, maybe this way, okay?
09:29:130Michele De Carli: So maybe you could add two different secrets.
09:33:360Michele De Carli: Okay.
09:37:30Michele De Carli: Of course, they… Time spacing, okay.
09:43:640Michele De Carli: the…
09:52:830Michele De Carli: the area of one series.
10:03:810Michele De Carli: Divided by the size spacing.
10:06:660Michele De Carli: leads to the overall length of the pipe that you are laying down, okay? And of course.
10:14:10Michele De Carli: This leads to linear losses.
10:23:190Michele De Carli: Okay, for the water, per week.
10:26:30Michele De Carli: Okay?
10:26:950Michele De Carli: Which means that you, as you will see, okay, these losses, okay, that should be considered, so the length, the overall length of losses equit, okay, is depending on the
10:39:970Michele De Carli: losses that you have, okay, on the whole sequit. So you subdivide the rule into difference, it quits depending on the
10:47:850Michele De Carli: On the losses that year.
10:49:920Michele De Carli: What do I… what do I want to say? I want to say that in a residential building or in an office building, you… the… the area that you need to cover is smaller. In
11:06:880Michele De Carli: in.
11:08:650Michele De Carli: Industrial buildings, of course, the floor area is much larger, okay?
11:16:300Michele De Carli: The screen is thicker, okay, so the concrete layer is thicker, which means that you will work with greater diameters, okay, about 25 centimeters external diameter, okay?
11:31:160Michele De Carli: Which means that, of course, if you need a larger diameter, you will have lower the pressure losses.
11:38:260Michele De Carli: Which means that you will cover a greater surface with one… one, okay?
11:46:850Michele De Carli: Okay.
11:53:740Michele De Carli: Okay, you will see what… how… what is the effect of the diameter of the pipe spacing on the thermal output of the system. You will see that, okay? We will look at this,
12:09:200Michele De Carli: Yeah, maybe also this, this, this letter thing.
12:12:700Michele De Carli: And then, later of the 90s, okay, there was this,
12:21:940Michele De Carli: type of, solution which has been introduced, okay?
12:27:500Michele De Carli: in, in, let's say, one of the first buildings, which were built up with this solution was, the Arts Museum in Braggens, okay, in Austria, right?
12:43:450Michele De Carli: So, the idea was to mainly use this, the solution that you have for the industrial buildings, okay, so where you have
12:52:850Michele De Carli: The… the welding, mesh, okay?
13:00:520Michele De Carli: in the structural part of the horizontal slab, okay? So, if you work with welded mesh.
13:13:10Michele De Carli: In your structural slide book, okay?
13:17:370Michele De Carli: Then, you can, you can… you work on a thicker layer, so you can work on the thermal inertia of the slab, okay, which might be useful to, let's say, have a peak shading and reduce the peak load, as we will see, okay?
13:36:460Michele De Carli: So, today, the DC is the… it's a standard solution, as I told you, in…
13:42:760Michele De Carli: Germany, okay, especially for office buildings, but also in residential buildings, okay.
13:50:640Michele De Carli: And here you can see some, like Sammy,
13:56:60Michele De Carli: Some ideas that we introduced at the beginning of 2000, okay?
14:01:640Michele De Carli: For making this system suitable for other, let's say, technologies, building construction technologies, that we might have
14:12:110Michele De Carli: If we are not using the full concrete in the slider, okay?
14:18:740Michele De Carli: But we will talk about that, when we… at the end of the Iranian system.
14:24:990Michele De Carli: Okay? So these are the solutions that you… that we have, okay? Let's say, so these are the first existing solutions, okay? These are the solutions for the industrial applications, and these are, let's say, solutions, which are also
14:44:40Michele De Carli: Well, long since a long time, okay, which can be used as alternative to the fluid system.
14:50:320Michele De Carli: Of course, in this case, you're mainly working on the slab, so you're working on the seating. Okay, so this is a seating solution, okay? So the…
14:59:120Michele De Carli: Usually, we need to put the acoustic insulation on top, and the acoustic insulation in the end is also insulating, okay, thermally insulating, so
15:13:470Michele De Carli: It mainly works as radiant seating, okay, than radiant flow, okay?
15:23:920Michele De Carli: Okay.
15:25:130Michele De Carli: So… As I told you,
15:32:680Michele De Carli: There was, sometimes, the need, especially in retrofictive.
15:37:170Michele De Carli: So when you want to renovate a house, there was… there might…
15:43:10Michele De Carli: There might be some problems in the height, okay?
15:47:850Michele De Carli: So, in order to reduce the thickness of the, of the system, which is, like, about 10 centimeters, okay.
15:56:590Michele De Carli: One idea was, at the beginning, to put the… so instead of having the pipe on top of the insulation layer, to host the pipe in the insulation layer, okay, so that you could decrease the thickness of the, of the screen.
16:14:930Michele De Carli: Of course, if you put the pipe below the… or in… within the insulin material, okay, of course, you are… since you're working with conduction, so that the… yeah, the…
16:31:520Michele De Carli: the water flowing in the pipe, okay. So, looking at…
16:36:470Michele De Carli: What happens, you have big convective resistance here, okay, of the water, You have the dead.
16:43:260Michele De Carli: Conduction resistance of the pipe, okay, through the thickness of the pipe, and then you have the conduction, the resistance of weight that you have to, let's say, transfer the heat to the concrete element.
16:57:810Michele De Carli: Okay, let's say like this, okay? You will see that it is a little bit more complicated than this, because you have TD, okay, you have two dilution, okay, so… but let's say that this is…
17:09:240Michele De Carli: this is how you can do that. Of course, if instead of having the concrete, okay, you are… you are hosting the
17:23:109Michele De Carli: The tube, the pipe, in the insulation layer, Well, the… The possibility to have conduction.
17:32:50Michele De Carli: will be just for, let's say, this top part of the, of the pipe, okay? So you need to increase the effect of conduction. So the idea was to make an omega shift spill, okay?
17:48:320Michele De Carli: In order to distribute the… by conduction, so to have a… almost build a contact here, but to distribute, then, the… by conduction date, towards the, the concrete, okay, by…
18:05:260Michele De Carli: By working on the… on the, conduction due to the metal sheet, okay?
18:13:510Michele De Carli: So in this case, you could, you could, have, okay, similar
18:22:140Michele De Carli: Deep branch, okay, that you have.
18:25:560Michele De Carli: With, if you are embedding the pipe in the concrete, okay.
18:31:390Michele De Carli: With,
18:34:960Michele De Carli: a thinner layer, okay? And, and this is actually what you could do also with, in case you would like to, put on top, even, Egyptian boy, okay?
18:51:570Michele De Carli: So, usually, if you have the… if you want, you can… you can put on top any kind of system that you like, okay? Here, I want just to show you how you can do it, okay?
19:10:460Michele De Carli: If you want to limit a lot of the thickness, you could even put 3 sheets, okay? Two of them, so in that way, you will have almost negligible thickness, okay?
19:23:180Michele De Carli: But it costs a lot, as you can imagine, okay? So, it means that you have just 2 millimeters of thickness above the insulation layer, okay?
19:36:60Michele De Carli: And then you can put tiles on top.
19:38:250Michele De Carli: Okay, got any problem, or would whatever. The other possibility is to work with the
19:45:270Michele De Carli: plaster final sheet, and not usually the gypsum board, because gypsum board, if you have to work on it, it is a little bit too soft, material, okay? So, you need a plaster fiber sheet with about
20:00:920Michele De Carli: 2, 2.5 centimeters.
20:04:210Michele De Carli: And, or you could use,
20:10:700Michele De Carli: a similar material, okay, that seems okay. Okay, so these are, let's say, dry solutions, okay? A dry solution means that, compared to the solution that you can see here.
20:27:930Michele De Carli: Usually, in this solution, you make a mixture of sand, concrete, and water, okay, and you lay down the street in the usual way, so it's a wet, say, application, as you usually do in buildings, okay?
20:47:530Michele De Carli: If, as also in this case here, okay, or here,
20:56:40Michele De Carli: Okay, and instead, in this solution, we work with dry heat, so you are just laying down the materials without any water use.
21:09:610Michele De Carli: So… or you could also use their site leveling screed, okay, in this case, with also a mixture of sand and water and concrete, okay?
21:19:820Michele De Carli: It's self-lettering, it means that it is more liquid, okay, so when you… when you put that, on the floor, then, since it is almost liquid, okay, it will be self-lettered.
21:33:260Michele De Carli: As if you are working with, let's say, more dry, more dry mixture, you need to, okay, work with, like, a kind of bark, okay, and…
21:45:250Michele De Carli: I think you have other… you have seen them. I hope you have seen them, because otherwise.
21:50:640Michele De Carli: It's a little bit complicated to explain, okay? And this is the usual screen that they use, the 1 of 5, 6, etc.
21:57:160Michele De Carli: Okay, so these are the details.
22:00:700Michele De Carli: Then, I mean, since the work was mainly done, or I told you that much effort for the company's work to produce the ball, sorry.
22:14:340Michele De Carli: And to… to find more, new solutions for reducing the… the… the…
22:22:560Michele De Carli: the thickness of the material, and at the same time, reducing the cost, because in principle, here you have the, let's say, thinner material that you could… or thinner system that you can have, but it costs a lot, okay? It's an exaggerated cost, okay?
22:39:10Michele De Carli: So, the idea was to,
22:42:60Michele De Carli: to work, okay, with these solutions. In this case, you work with the liquid screed, so that the liquid screed can, okay, can, can…
22:53:850Michele De Carli: can, go anywhere, okay? So, with, it's like a liquid, so it could, it could cover any void, let's say. So this is… this was one of the first solutions, but was also very costly, because
23:12:290Michele De Carli: They were, it was a meta struct.
23:16:630Michele De Carli: Which is… I don't think it's used anymore, okay?
23:20:370Michele De Carli: But then, there was this solution, which was with the plastic prefabricating parts, okay? It's a similar system that, that you use, for instance, in parking places. If you think about the parking places where you have, for instance.
23:40:190Michele De Carli: The, the, the, the grass, or, or, or the, or the… are,
23:50:420Michele De Carli: or soil, okay, instead of asphalt, okay? Usually, they are made in a different way, but the principle is the same. Okay, so you're… you're working with this kind of structure in order, okay, to
24:02:790Michele De Carli: to resist to the… to the loans that you might have on top. So the idea is similar, okay?
24:09:620Michele De Carli: Of course, being plastic, as you can see, it could be cheap, and in this case, you can see that you can, okay, have just 2.5 centimeters as, let's say, considering
24:26:740Michele De Carli: the, the pipe and the screen, okay? With a limited cost, with the limited cost, also to the dry solutions. So dry solutions are extremely interesting, but they are more expensive than these solutions.
24:41:580Michele De Carli: Okay?
24:43:510Michele De Carli: Okay, and then the… these are two other possibilities, okay? There are… there is someone…
24:50:880Michele De Carli: Who, also propose, that some companies proposing the, the raised floors, okay, to put,
25:03:630Michele De Carli: radiant system on the race floors, as the one… I don't know how many of you came in Lisa, but I have shown you that we are working with the race floor, okay? So, some of the companies are
25:15:630Michele De Carli: Thinking, or they, they thought about
25:18:480Michele De Carli: inserting the pipes in the tiles, but it is a bit more complicated, yeah. The fittings is too complicated, too much time, too many fittings, too cost, okay, too costly. So I don't see this solution very, very, very smart, okay, but it's my opinion, yeah, so…
25:38:530Michele De Carli: On the other hand, okay, here you can see another possibility, is to, use, a milling machine, okay, so you can make, the…
25:52:570Michele De Carli: the hole for hosting the pipe, okay, in an existing floor, okay?
25:59:20Michele De Carli: And in this case, okay, the milling machine is also, done in a way that you are not… that you don't have so much pasta when you are milling, okay, so it's a quite clean solution. And, of course, you could use this
26:17:430Michele De Carli: What is the main, the main,
26:22:430Michele De Carli: point, or negative point of the solution, that you don't use the insulation. So you're working on the existing… on the existing floor, okay, which makes the solution very cheap, because you have just to mill the floor and lay down the pipe, and then put on top the tiles, okay?
26:42:240Michele De Carli: But, on the other hand, you are not insulating the pipes on the bottom part, okay? So beside the pipe, you have no insulation, which means that you have
26:51:830Michele De Carli: Some losses greater than You have, if you have 3 centimeters of, of insulation.
27:00:930Michele De Carli: But, for instance, it's a very interesting solution. Imagine, in, in, Hmm. In,
27:11:240Michele De Carli: In historical buildings, listed buildings, okay, in case you need to take out the floor, and you need to replace the floor, like a church.
27:21:520Michele De Carli: So you have to take out the marble, because anyway, you should, you should retrofit the marble and the floor, okay? So you could take out the marble, make this.
27:39:690Michele De Carli: Okay, put the fibers and put the doctor, the marble below the two heavy, having the original marble. Okay, so this is a very interesting solution, okay? Despite the system.
27:54:620Michele De Carli: Just to give you an example, the La Salute in Venice, you know the church La Salute Manessa? Venice, was heated before the reggae system with electricity, that is, so you can imagine that even if you had losses below, okay, it's like having resistance.
28:13:120Michele De Carli: Okay.
28:16:310Michele De Carli: And… so,
28:20:110Michele De Carli: these are the technologies that have been proposed so far, okay, for the radiant floor. So, let's say, these are the solutions, and here you can see the, the other possibilities. So, what we have seen so far is just, if you work on the floor, okay, but you can also work
28:39:530Michele De Carli: on the ceiling, okay, so you can activate the seaming surface. So you can install radiant seaming in order to provide heating and cooling, as we will see.
28:51:290Michele De Carli: How and when it is
28:53:230Michele De Carli: In case more efficient, okay? So, how do you, work with the radial ceiling? Radial ceiling, you need the metal structure to support the, the, the, the, the, the…
29:06:420Michele De Carli: the… the materials, okay?
29:16:970Michele De Carli: Okay, I will sit on… okay.
29:21:470Michele De Carli: You can see that usually, on top of the ceiling, you need anyway to host the plants, at least, usually, the
29:33:850Michele De Carli: ventilation plans, okay? So, in any case, you would use the…
29:40:910Michele De Carli: They raised, sorry, the, the…
29:44:430Michele De Carli: the… the… the ceiling, okay, the suspended ceiling, okay? Which means that, basically, you have
29:53:660Michele De Carli: a cost, okay? But the, let's say, the… the extra cost, okay, by…
30:01:870Michele De Carli: By, historian, or by, by, by, by,
30:07:270Michele De Carli: By using the pipes in the gypsum board, okay? As you will see later how to do that, okay?
30:15:970Michele De Carli: it's a… it is just a… it's an increase of cost, but not that great, okay? So, in case you would have to work anyway with the suspended ceiling.
30:28:770Michele De Carli: Thinking about making it a radiant ceiling, okay, do not be that.
30:34:750Michele De Carli: Much more expensive than Then, having another initial system.
30:41:210Michele De Carli: Of course, what you… what an understanding, this is why I stopped before.
30:49:480Michele De Carli: This solution is a prefabricated solution, okay? So, the main difference between this solution and what we have thought so far, what we have seen so far.
30:58:940Michele De Carli: When we… when we work on the floor, okay, the solution is built on-site.
31:06:220Michele De Carli: Okay, so you have the pipes, you have the insulation materials, and everything, but all these solutions that you have seen here, they are built on-site, so it means that you lay down the pipes, and you are working with solutions which are made, are built, are built on-site.
31:25:280Michele De Carli: If you work with the radiant system, instead, okay, you are,
31:30:220Michele De Carli: Also, also this solution, okay? This solution, you have just the prefabricated, elements with the insulation and the, and the, and the, and the omega sheets, okay? But then the pipes are put on site.
31:48:550Michele De Carli: If you're working instead with radial system, the radial systems are already, okay, systems which come directly from the factory, already built up, okay? So what does it mean? It means, basically, that you have
32:04:890Michele De Carli: Okay, you have the system, okay, with the integrated pipes, okay, and…
32:16:780Michele De Carli: And then you have to work on the, on the distribution pipe, okay, in order to,
32:28:10Michele De Carli: From the secondary circuit, we could say, okay.
32:31:290Michele De Carli: So you have the secondary circuit with the water flowing with the fittings to be, okay, then, okay, merged, or, to be linked to the radius. Okay, so the radius system has already integrated the pipe.
32:48:520Michele De Carli: the pipe, they are…
32:53:130Michele De Carli: Yes, you can see here how it is. Well, it's here, okay, it's different, but the principle is the same. You have… the pipe is, of course, getting out from the radium, from the baseboard, okay.
33:07:340Michele De Carli: And then you can, you can work on fitting the pipes, okay, the exiting pipes to the supply and return, okay?
33:20:710Michele De Carli: Clear?
33:23:510Michele De Carli: What does it mean, okay, and what does it mean? It means, as you can see here, that, basically, yes, here you can see the gray pipes are the pipes that are going out from the Egyptian boat, okay? And the red pipes are the pipes for
33:39:40Michele De Carli: Okay, for their supply return water.
33:42:570Michele De Carli: to the heat pump, okay? As you can see here, This…
33:53:260Michele De Carli: You have… you need some space, okay, between one
33:59:40Michele De Carli: board and another, in order to Enter with your hands.
34:05:260Michele De Carli: clip, put the pipes, and so on, okay? So, it means that in this case.
34:11:739Michele De Carli: the active part of the radiant system is just a portion of the overall surface that you have on the scene, okay?
34:21:210Michele De Carli: If you're working with radiant system, almost all the radiant floor is, okay, active. So you have pipes, let's say, basically, okay, working and activating all the surface that you have available, okay?
34:38:290Michele De Carli: Instead, if you're working with a radiant solution, with a prefabricated radio solution, for instance, in the ceiling, okay.
34:47:100Michele De Carli: Usually, you need to leave some space in order to do the fittings work, okay, from the electronic point of view, okay? For instance, in this case, you have also to integrate the ventilation system, okay? So, on average, you are able only to activate
35:06:20Michele De Carli: 70% of the available service. Okay, so it means that an underfloor He did a good system.
35:18:660Michele De Carli: I was able to activate 100% of the search basically.
35:23:770Michele De Carli: For array at the ceiling, you can activate just 70% of the… on the surface, okay? And this is something that we are going to take into account when we make the sizing of the system, yes. These are prefabricated files.
35:39:470Michele De Carli: Do they also… do they have one?
35:43:70Michele De Carli: going in, one two going in, and one going out, or… Yeah, that's one secret, one secret perpet.
35:50:30Michele De Carli: You cannot link them together, you have to do different parts. You can do that, but it's not, it's not useful, because the pipe, as you will see later, the diameter of the pipe, of this pipe, is very small.
36:04:690Michele De Carli: So you're working mainly in laminate flow, and usually it is not recommended to work in series, but work in parallel.
36:14:510Michele De Carli: So, so you have that, you have one pipe going inside, making the pattern that it's doing, and it's going out. And how big is usually one of these patterns? It depends, usually it's like a gypsum board, okay, so it depends from the, from the producer.
36:33:820Michele De Carli: You could have usually 2 to 3
36:37:270Michele De Carli: sizes, okay, in order to fit to the… if you have some smaller… some narrow places, or some L's, okay, so you can even have 2 to 3
36:47:140Michele De Carli: I would say three, dimensions.
36:52:110Michele De Carli: Okay.
36:56:550Michele De Carli: Clear, okay? Yes, the metal structure, okay, is a metal cost structure in order, okay, to, to, to, to,
37:08:80Michele De Carli: To pick, the two… to, let's say, two…
37:11:940Michele De Carli: to allow the fixing of the palace, okay, by screws, as we usually do with the suspendency.
37:21:500Michele De Carli: Okay, so, in this case, so, I want just to remind you, it might be an interesting solution in case you need to retrofit the building, you want to work on the ceiling, so you want to make the… all the…
37:39:760Michele De Carli: then…
37:41:640Michele De Carli: map that you can do work. Instead of working on the floor, you can work on the ceiling. Okay, so you can host the mitigation, that's it, the electrical
37:52:840Michele De Carli: System, okay, and in case, also, the, supply, the, let's say, the hot and cold water, okay, for…
38:03:10Michele De Carli: The different users that you have.
38:05:140Michele De Carli: The blending the same.
38:07:370Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is how you can work. I mean, these are the two most diffuse systems for radiant solutions, okay, aside for radiant ceilings, okay, for sealing solutions. So you could have either, again.
38:25:860Michele De Carli: A mill the… also, these days, the producer has a mini machine, okay, which is milling their gypsum board, okay.
38:36:910Michele De Carli: And, and then the pipes are embedded in this gypsum board, okay?
38:44:270Michele De Carli: Usually, the gypsum boards, okay, they usually are… the thickness of the gypsum board is usually 5 millimeters, okay?
38:55:520Michele De Carli: This is the usual piconex of the Egyptian board, okay?
38:59:540Michele De Carli: And… Let me be here.
39:15:750Michele De Carli: Okay, that's an end. So usually.
39:19:430Michele De Carli: This is not… this is a bridge. Okay, so usually the gypsum boards, okay, they are 12 milliliters. Of course, since you need to host a pipe, which is at least 5-7 millimeters, okay, you need to increase this thickness, okay, because,
39:37:950Michele De Carli: It… because you have the sun, you need, let's say, at least.
39:43:210Michele De Carli: 5, 6 millimeters, okay, in order to have a mechanical resistance, okay, because otherwise the Egyptian world would be, okay, will be… can be fractured and have problems, okay?
39:59:620Michele De Carli: Yes, please.
40:01:60Michele De Carli: Now, I was wondering, you say that we can use 100% of the surface of the floor system.
40:09:580Michele De Carli: But, you said when, when we talk about local discomfort, that you can reach 29 degrees in the surface inside, but instead, on the sides, we can reach… I wanted to say that, but I didn't want to bear any confusion, but it's a good question. I mean, the circuit is different? Yeah, the circuit is different. It can work.
40:27:980Michele De Carli: If you have… include the word with two different secrets, okay? So you will have one secret.
40:38:820Michele De Carli: everyone said, I don't know how to do that, but I feel like
40:42:810Michele De Carli: this year, but usually you can do that with less.
40:48:10Michele De Carli: touch on, okay? So you can do… you can work here, you cannot do that.
40:51:950Michele De Carli: I'm here, okay.
40:54:30Michele De Carli: Here you have display, you're able to return, so you can, you can work. This is…
40:59:650Michele De Carli: Or once you quit.
41:01:520Michele De Carli: on the peripheral area, and then it will have other circuit in the… Here, okay.
41:09:170Michele De Carli: What is that great.
41:11:300Michele De Carli: Of course, you need two different supply temperatures. Usually, you try to work with the same temperature to all the again systems, okay? So, you could increase… increase the temperature by having the same supply temperature here, working on the
41:28:870Michele De Carli: time space, right? In order to have the same water dimension.
41:34:740Michele De Carli: Because you will have a manifold, okay, so the temperature, the supply temperature, okay, will be the same for this system.
41:45:10Michele De Carli: They don't take into account… They, they, they use… even though they, they know that it's, it's, it's hashier to work with lower temperature, but the people are, get, I mean, they like it.
42:01:190Michele De Carli: hot. And they use just your secret for… I don't know what they do, I've never been… I mean, I know that… I know… I've never… I have never designed a Japanese or Korean liquid system, okay?
42:13:840Michele De Carli: But they can work with higher temperatures in the flow, because they allow greater temperature.
42:20:490Michele De Carli: Okay,
42:26:960Michele De Carli: Yeah, so this is one option, okay, to have the pipes already, okay, embedded in the keyboard, okay?
42:36:660Michele De Carli: And… R?
42:39:800Michele De Carli: As I told you, the solution that we have seen before, okay, so an insulated panel, okay, with the…
42:50:960Michele De Carli: Which is able to host the pipes.
42:53:720Michele De Carli: And with metal elements, okay, in order to distribute the heat, right?
42:59:750Michele De Carli: In… No, no.
43:03:200Michele De Carli: what is the pro of this solution? The positive point is that in this solution, well, you could have better, let's say, mechanical resistances, okay? Also.
43:15:620Michele De Carli: Related to, in case, fire protection, okay? But, I mean, this is…
43:21:490Michele De Carli: Beside what we have to think about.
43:24:660Michele De Carli: Anyway, you have these two potential solutions, okay? And of course, in this case, you could use one gypsum border of 5 millimeters, which is the usual gypsum border you use, okay?
43:38:610Michele De Carli: Okay, there are other two possibilities, okay? This is another possibility, it's not very much used, to be honest.
43:48:390Michele De Carli: So they can be capillary pipes, okay, that can be installed, okay, and in this case, they can also
43:56:980Michele De Carli: Bidden, okay, flooded in, in, in the…
44:06:550Michele De Carli: Mmm, daring.
44:15:550Michele De Carli: The thin layer, okay, that you usually have internal, what is the name, the additional name.
44:23:940Michele De Carli: Plaster. Plastic, yes. Okay, so with the usual plaster, you can, you can, you can use them in the plastic. Yes.
44:33:480Michele De Carli: And, okay, but they are not, they are not very…
44:37:680Michele De Carli: popular case, and there was one producer, but I don't think that
44:43:810Michele De Carli: who's making hundreds of millions of budget per day per year, but it can really become interesting.
44:53:770Michele De Carli: The other solution is to work with metal, metal, siblings, okay? So, in this case, you have metal elements, usually with metal pipes, okay?
45:05:220Michele De Carli: Or plastic pipes, okay, and in this case, you can, have, okay, smaller temperature differences between the water and the surface, okay, because of the greater conductance of the
45:20:460Michele De Carli: of the… of the metal sheet. But, of course, they are… they cost a lot.
45:26:430Michele De Carli: Okay? But they can be, but the architects could like it then, because usually you can perforate the…
45:35:450Michele De Carli: the… the ceiling, okay, and host some, anyway, some insular material, which can act as
45:42:450Michele De Carli: Acoustic absorption, okay, so you can have also an acoustic, absorption of the finishing.
45:50:840Michele De Carli: Okay?
45:52:290Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is, What you could do on the radiant floor ceiling.
45:59:930Michele De Carli: Yes. What's… which are the differences between the radium seating and the radium flow? Okay, so…
46:11:730Michele De Carli: The, I told you, in a radiant ceiling, you have, smaller diameters of the pipe.
46:18:880Michele De Carli: Did I put here? No. Well, the pipes are…
46:22:200Michele De Carli: 5 to 6, 7 millimeters maximum, external diameter, okay? In the radiant floor, you have 12, 15 millimeters, okay? So, the diameter is larger, okay? So, you can work in, let's say, turbulent conditions from the water point of view, okay?
46:41:670Michele De Carli: In the ceiling, usually you work lambda.
46:44:670Michele De Carli: Okay? So…
46:49:390Michele De Carli: And you have also a limited length of the… of the pipes, okay? So the circuit is limited.
46:57:440Michele De Carli: Which means that… and you have also smaller surface, okay, to color. So, for the combination of these elements, okay, you have a better, basically, the water temperature difference, okay.
47:12:460Michele De Carli: Is larger in radiant, floors than in radiant system for heating, okay?
47:23:590Michele De Carli: For cooling, they are similar. We will see why later, okay, later on, okay? But let's say, when you think about the sizing in heating conditions, okay.
47:36:830Michele De Carli: In heating conditions, between the water
47:40:810Michele De Carli: supplier temperatures, you could consider 3 to 7 degrees C, okay? In the past, in the 90s, you could even have 9 degrees C as temperature difference between the supplier on the
47:56:700Michele De Carli: on the floor, okay? But today, usually it's 3 to 7, okay? So 5 is recommended, usually. The recommended time, I think it's most, okay?
48:07:830Michele De Carli: Okay, for this ceiling.
48:12:180Michele De Carli: you might have 2 to 3 degrees between supply and return. There's a very limited.
48:17:980Michele De Carli: That are two different things.
48:19:720Michele De Carli: In cooling, okay, we will see why.
48:23:630Michele De Carli: Well, I can anticipate it. You see in the radiant system, the serial radiant system works better than the radiant floor, so, you might have a greater… a smaller, greater temperature… greater temperature difference in the decision than in
48:40:990Michele De Carli: the floor for cooling, okay? So let's say that if you want to… if you're looking for heating.
48:47:360Michele De Carli: The best solution is floor, but if you need much cooling in your building, then radiant ceiling is the best solution for radiant seeds. Okay.
48:58:680Michele De Carli: Yes, also, I told you for the metal sheets, okay, so for the metal sealing, but also the usual gypsu board structures, okay, for the radiant sealing, they can also present some holes, okay.
49:17:140Michele De Carli: And some fiber materials in order to act also as,
49:23:240Michele De Carli: Acoustic absorption, okay, singing, which is, of course, interesting and could be an interesting solution.
49:31:540Michele De Carli: Yeah, and yes, it is important to remember that the city, for this series.
49:42:20Michele De Carli: When you install the ceiling regain system, also for the ceiling, you need to consider this
49:49:650Michele De Carli: elastic material, okay, so the elastic material that we have seen in the, in, for the floor, okay, that you use in order to
50:00:630Michele De Carli: to reduce the… the problems that you might have in expansion and contraction of uranium floor. You have to use that also, okay, on the ceiling, okay, because also the ceiling, when you heat it and cool.
50:18:540Michele De Carli: Okay, it expands and contracts. So, you need to also put this in here, let's say, in the peripheral area, okay?
50:27:60Michele De Carli: And then you could cut.
50:28:500Michele De Carli: This is not a problem.
50:30:00Michele De Carli: Okay, that's it for… So, yeah, the sleeper, and the…
50:41:520Michele De Carli: Yes, and then, of course, I didn't mention it, but of course, it's quite clear.
50:48:750Michele De Carli: once you have, completed the installation, okay, then you put the usual Egyptian boards, okay, between the one active board and one active,
51:00:60Michele De Carli: Area, and then other, okay, and then you.
51:03:40Michele De Carli: You, you.
51:04:420Michele De Carli: You cross everything with the usual passive, okay, gypsum board, as you usually do when you work.
51:10:770Michele De Carli: When you want to close a surface, okay.
51:16:650Michele De Carli: So it is… at the end, as you have seen in Ulitza bouquet, the
51:23:760Michele De Carli: The… the ceiling is uniform, based on your dancing.
51:28:840Michele De Carli: You should not see the… the… the different areas, okay? Okay.
51:36:220Michele De Carli: This is the pyramidal street pump, okay, that you can use, okay? You can see how it is made, okay? So,
51:47:890Michele De Carli: This is, you can see, it should be done also, okay, here you can see, between one room and another, okay, you should separate, okay, mechanically, the two rooms by use of the radiant state. Okay, in order to
52:05:390Michele De Carli: Avoid the fractures, okay, that you might have in,
52:11:530Michele De Carli: When you have to do it, okay?
52:13:720Michele De Carli: In case.
52:19:110Michele De Carli: Yes, this is, this is, yes, oh, sorry, I, I jumped back to the up. Okay, so this, picture here.
52:29:80Michele De Carli: These two pictures, as well as the… these pictures, okay, are made in the… in our laboratory, okay, in the Corca Laboratory, where we are…
52:40:710Michele De Carli: We are going to see the laboratory, because it might be interesting from the…
52:45:300Michele De Carli: from the application point of view, okay? So here you can see, in this case, we used the gypsum board not only in the roof.
52:55:340Michele De Carli: Sorry, the ceiling, but also on the walls. So, actually, the same systems that you use on the ceiling, okay, you can use them on the walls, okay?
53:06:490Michele De Carli: So you can see here, this is, again, you can see here the 3 different sizes that you might have for a radiant parallel, okay? So, this is the same company producing 3 types of
53:21:00Michele De Carli: Radiant elements, so you can see that you can have one element with the same height, but
53:28:540Michele De Carli: It was him.
53:30:690Michele De Carli: you can have two elements with the same height, but one which is double than the other, okay? So here you see the other gypsum boards, okay? So you can have different gypsum boards according to the…
53:48:00Michele De Carli: producer. Here, you can see, for instance, in this distribution board, okay, you can see that it is painted the pattern, okay, on the other side of the pipe, so this is… this can be useful.
54:00:40Michele De Carli: When, for instance, you want to, you want to put a screw, or if you want to imagine that you are on the ceiling, you want to insert a light, okay? So, you know that where you have to make a hole, you're not, okay, you're not damaging the pipes, okay? So…
54:19:460Michele De Carli: This can be a useful way to show, okay, so… Mmm…
54:24:730Michele De Carli: And and that's it, okay? So you can see, if you work on a wall, on an existing wall, okay, again, you can work here with the, of course, with the pipes. Okay, here this is, you can see this is the pipes that are going to be fitted. Okay, and
54:44:300Michele De Carli: I'm not able to zoom out, zoom in. And here you see the, the, the…
54:50:980Michele De Carli: The corrugated dots for the…
54:54:710Michele De Carli: electric plant, okay? So you can see, usually, when you work with… when you work with,
55:02:910Michele De Carli: Or, okay, usually you can put the… the… the different,
55:10:130Michele De Carli: plans, okay, on the, on the wall, and usually, okay, nice wall, you can also use that as, as you can see here. These are two windows, okay, so you can use
55:23:880Michele De Carli: the… if you work, okay, it is not mandatory to work on the outer surface, okay, so if you want to insulate a building, usually you work outside, okay, but it might be…
55:38:480Michele De Carli: more comfortable to work inside, okay, because schools are you don't have to be that heavy instructor, okay, so you have less
55:46:820Michele De Carli: less problems from the safety point of view, so you don't need to build up a structure vertically, okay, and usually you have to rent this tractor, you have some costs due to the safety and so on, okay, so all these costs can be saved, and if you work on the inner side of the wall, okay, you can…
56:04:960Michele De Carli: you can put the insulation on the wall, and if you are already working on the internal wall with the gypsum board, why don't you
56:15:140Michele De Carli: Think about activating it, okay? So that you have a radiant system in a… as, let's say, a…
56:24:330Michele De Carli: sort of Jean parfait with, in this case.
56:28:690Michele De Carli: Okay, okay.
56:33:440Michele De Carli: So, there are several problems to think about to insulate on the inner side, okay?
56:39:140Michele De Carli: than working outside. Of course, by working on the inner side.
56:44:230Michele De Carli: do, in order, if you are adding some insulation, you will lose some space. Okay, so…
56:50:520Michele De Carli: might be a problem in case of very narrow buildings, like social housing, okay, or popular dwellings, where usually the size of the dwellings is already small, okay? But it can be, anyway, interesting solution.
57:05:910Michele De Carli: Alright,
57:11:430Michele De Carli: Yes, walls, okay, so walls, you can see here, you have different solutions, similar to the, to the ones that you have seen before, okay?
57:21:460Michele De Carli: Okay, so now, let's have a look at the components that you need to consider
57:27:960Michele De Carli: in a instance. So, basically, Just to recap, okay?
57:32:950Michele De Carli: The most popular solution is the radiant floor, okay? Especially for residential applications, it's now
57:40:880Michele De Carli: The usual way people build the heating, or the usual way people think about the heating system, right?
57:51:40Michele De Carli: But you can work also on the… on the ceiling, okay, and…
57:57:30Michele De Carli: It's not that common, but in principle, you might also work on the one, okay? So, or let's say that it might be an interesting solution, whilst you would like to make a retrofit over these things, but usually it's not very much used.
58:13:760Michele De Carli: Okay, so, let's have a look at the typical components of a radiant system. So, typical components, of course, as we are seeing, is the insulation layer, okay, so the insulin material, the pipes, okay.
58:30:560Michele De Carli: And,
58:32:810Michele De Carli: So, the insulation, the pipes, and of course, for each circuit, okay, the circuit can be done in a very, let's say.
58:47:440Michele De Carli: In a… in a very,
58:56:530Michele De Carli: Well, with certain freedom, okay? With a certain freedom, let's see.
59:01:600Michele De Carli: So the pattern that you work.
59:05:630Michele De Carli: For the distribution, and how you lay down the pipe is, let's say.
59:10:580Michele De Carli: can be different. So here you can see, for instance, that the supply pipe is going in. Okay, here you can see that you have more, narrow, more, let's say, the pipes are closer than here. Okay, so you work on the… on the…
59:30:420Michele De Carli: on the… in the peripheral area, you can see this is a wheel, okay, so in the peripheral area, we work with smaller pipe distance, okay? So that, in this part, okay, by having the same
59:45:400Michele De Carli: Temperatures, okay, here, if you work with the same supply temperature.
59:51:410Michele De Carli: We'll see why in a few minutes.
59:54:470Michele De Carli: Okay, here and here, for instance, okay.
59:58:440Michele De Carli: Since you have…
00:03:790Michele De Carli: more narrow pipes, okay? There, the surface temperature will be higher, okay? So, in that case, you could reach, for instance, 35 degrees, and in the central area of the room, you might have 29 degrees as surface.
00:21:390Michele De Carli: One point I would like to highlight, okay, in radiant systems, there's also the standard, the supply is, named V, and the return is named R, because they, they are originally German standards for love, Ruklauv, okay? So, for love is supply, Rukhlaf is return, okay?
00:41:490Michele De Carli: So this is the only movie.
00:43:530Michele De Carli: And… but not the only way, sorry, this is the only, let's say, tricky thing that you have a system.
00:50:820Michele De Carli: We'll see.
01:01:680Michele De Carli: Fair enough.
01:02:730Michele De Carli: Hello.
01:05:250Michele De Carli: Yes, of course, you can see, yeah.
01:09:20Michele De Carli: For instance, two secrets here, okay, it's not that common to have two different rooms, okay, but so two different entrance in the same room, but let's the same. You can have… it's… in any case, even though you have your two… the supply return here, okay.
01:24:730Michele De Carli: You have two secrets here, one secret there, there, okay? And here you can see, you have two secrets, one secret here, one secret here, one, one, okay?
01:37:00Michele De Carli: And, of course, you need to supply the water to all these circuits. How can you do that?
01:42:980Michele De Carli: with the manifold. What is the manifold? Okay, the manifold is one of the same components that are out… one of the ways you work for distributing the water. You know, when we did the radiator recycle that, in this case, we had the top part of the radiator, which have the greater
02:03:380Michele De Carli: diameter, okay, in order to, let's say, supply the water to the different elements. Okay, so the manifold is similar, okay? It's, like a cylinder.
02:16:150Michele De Carli: With a certain diameter, okay? And there, the water is distributed, and then from the manifold, we have
02:25:70Michele De Carli: the… the outgoing water, okay, to… in each circuit, and of course, we have a return, so we have the supply, a return.
02:35:450Michele De Carli: silly, just define microphones, okay. And, and in this case, okay, you have that, you can see these are located usually in the technical vein, okay, the pecanopath space.
02:50:830Michele De Carli: And you can see here, for instance, okay, there are… I know.
02:57:40Michele De Carli: 10 times, okay, but there's at least 10 different circuits, okay, they go, and they distribute, all, in, across the building, okay?
03:07:580Michele De Carli: yes, what is interesting here? What are the things that I would like to highlight, okay? Well, two points, okay? The first point is usually…
03:21:640Michele De Carli: In these days, for instance, you see, you have the…
03:26:570Michele De Carli: pressure, okay? So here you can measure the pressure on the supply relative manifold, okay? In principle, you can also measure the pressure difference. Remember that measuring the pressure difference leads to smaller
03:43:640Michele De Carli: arrows, then… measuring.
03:48:10Michele De Carli: the pressure in one circuit and the other, and then to make the difference, okay? So, if you need to measure the pressure difference, please use a differential pressure measurement slash, okay? Because in this way, you can reduce by
04:07:90Michele De Carli: At least 4 times, okay, the…
04:09:890Michele De Carli: error, the leading error that you can do, okay?
04:15:570Michele De Carli: Anyway, what do you have usually on the manifold, okay, for the radio system? You have this,
04:24:430Michele De Carli: This transparent element, okay, where you can see there is a kind of…
04:32:120Michele De Carli: of, a frubing, element, okay? And this flooding element, okay, is, is, let's say, can be used in order
04:45:860Michele De Carli: to see the, amount of flow rate that is going in each circuit, okay? So it can be used for balancing… for balancing the circuit, okay?
04:58:600Michele De Carli: It is not accurate.
05:01:30Michele De Carli: 0.01%,
05:03:740Michele De Carli: Liter per second, okay, but let's say that it provides you, okay, the amount of flow rate that you are delivering to a certain sequence.
05:14:250Michele De Carli: And… You will see, we will see why when we size the radius system, it is
05:21:620Michele De Carli: Interesting slash important when you look at the flow rate, okay?
05:27:720Michele De Carli: First element, second element here… What are these?
05:35:500Michele De Carli: Pars. Pars, okay, so you can…
05:38:350Michele De Carli: Close or open the circuit, okay, in order to increase or reduce the
05:43:880Michele De Carli: the fluorescent, okay? So by working on these waves.
05:47:640Michele De Carli: Okay, once you are, you are, you install and pressurize the water, the, the secret, okay, you can check the prorate, okay, so by, by closing and opening the…
06:02:240Michele De Carli: This element, okay, could be even electronically activated, okay? So, the thermostat, the local thermostat, can act on these, valves in order to close or open the circuits when you reach
06:20:740Michele De Carli: The point temperature, because so, in this case, the teles is able to, to control the…
06:33:340Michele De Carli: waves of the zone, okay? So if you, for instance, if you have one zone with two circuits, it will work. It will act on these two, let's say, elements, okay?
06:43:410Michele De Carli: Of course, you need to…
06:46:130Michele De Carli: To relate each zone with the… so it's, of course, it's more costly, okay?
06:52:840Michele De Carli: But it can't control the tempting.
06:58:520Michele De Carli: What I want to highlight, okay, is that, of course, I focused on that, but this is exactly the same, okay, so it's not because I want to promote this
07:10:640Michele De Carli: I'm not paid to show you this instead of this, okay? But, I mean, these are just two different ones. So this is…
07:18:440Michele De Carli: This is metal, okay? Otone, usually. Otone, what is the name in English, I don't know.
07:24:210Michele De Carli: Potter.
07:26:450Michele De Carli: Okay, see? Bravo. And this is plastic, okay. What do I want to sell?
07:38:220Michele De Carli: Yes, two points, okay? First, this is probably…
07:43:390Michele De Carli: No, this should be… not this probag, no problem. This has to be this not, okay? This has to be not probability.
07:50:430Michele De Carli: This has to be the top part of the secret, okay? Why? Should be important.
07:59:280Michele De Carli: that… What should we do?
08:02:900Michele De Carli: What do you think about? If you have a circle, what should you do? Pressure control. Sorry? Or pressure control. Pressure control… yes and no?
08:16:680Michele De Carli: What's the reason?
08:18:330Michele De Carli: What do you… why do you need to consider, or what is… why is it important to consider the top part of the water circuit? So, this is a vent, okay, so usually you use an automatic vent.
08:35:960Michele De Carli: Imagine, of course, you… what you do, I didn't mention it, okay.
08:42:689Michele De Carli: That's just confirmed.
08:46:319Michele De Carli: Okay, okay, you… when you build up the secret, okay.
08:54:490Michele De Carli: in order to have heating and cooling, what you need in the circuit? Water. Okay, so… and what do you have before the water? Air. Okay, so you have to charge the circuit with the water.
09:05:670Michele De Carli: And if you charge a secret with water, where does the air go?
09:11:819Michele De Carli: So, you use this vent, okay, in order to charge the circuit, okay? And all there will be… will be… will go away, okay? So, you need to put this vent on the top of the circuit in order to add bubbles on the circuit, because otherwise you have no flowing water, no heating, no cooling, okay?
09:31:260Michele De Carli: Neither in northern, in your… in your, in your system in general, even for the regulators, okay?
09:38:279Michele De Carli: So, this is the first point. Second point I wanted to highlight, okay.
09:44:560Michele De Carli: Usually, when… since I told you that the radiant floor are usually built on site, what you should do before putting the concrete is to check that you have no
09:57:130Michele De Carli: no… no losses, okay? So, what you do, usually, you just… you… you, pressurize with air, you see quits, okay?
10:06:140Michele De Carli: And check if the circuit, okay, is okay from the pressure point of view. You leave it for one, two days, okay? And then you put the concrete on top with the pressurized air, okay?
10:18:990Michele De Carli: So that you know that…
10:21:360Michele De Carli: the script will not use quarter, okay, than in real function.
10:27:910Michele De Carli: Okay.
10:30:880Michele De Carli: Not in your condition in, in working operations, okay?
10:36:230Michele De Carli: And… Yes, the last thing I wanted to mention, and that is really important.
10:43:970Michele De Carli: What do you have as a consequence if you have that the water is going inside here and is going out from all the circuits?
10:53:140Michele De Carli: What do they have in common?
10:56:860Michele De Carli: Pressure lost? Not really, because it depends on how much you close.
11:03:830Michele De Carli: What do they have in common?
11:08:960Michele De Carli: What makes… what is equal one circuit to another?
11:15:130Michele De Carli: Temperature, yes, the supply temperature. If you work with these manifolds, okay, you will have the same temperature to all the circuits.
11:25:230Michele De Carli: Okay?
11:26:270Michele De Carli: And, and then, if you have all the secrets where they all, Pro rates? No.
11:32:980Michele De Carli: with the same temperature, then you will work on the flow rate in order to adjust the power delivered by each secret, okay? Because at the end, it's M dot C data to the power that is delivered by each secret.
11:46:160Michele De Carli: Okay? Remember, the speakers, this is important, and I will…
11:51:640Michele De Carli: I knew that there was the picture, okay? This is the usual screen when I told you it's made with wet materials, but not that liquid. Okay, and this is the liquid screen, okay, that you can… there's self-leveling, okay, liquid screen, which allows you also to have smaller, okay.
12:10:490Michele De Carli: They can assist, okay?
12:12:330Michele De Carli: When do you use these, and when do you use that?
12:20:210Michele De Carli: This one? Yeah, okay, but usually, when do you use this, and when do you use that?
12:29:500Michele De Carli: Okay, I will help you. In these days, usually.
12:34:140Michele De Carli: You do it all-site, okay? You have the betonera, you have this small machine, okay? In this case, you have to call someone with a great, okay,
12:44:980Michele De Carli: machine, and you have the same, but larger in the machine. So, when do you use that?
12:51:780Michele De Carli: In large applications, yes. When you have larger applications, or in new buildings, okay.
12:57:970Michele De Carli: If you had to retrofit a flat of 70 square meters, okay.
13:02:370Michele De Carli: Then you will work with this solution, okay? Because it's… Cheaper, easier, and so on.
13:09:140Michele De Carli: Okay?
13:11:610Michele De Carli: Okay.
13:16:880Michele De Carli: Heat gun has been phenomenal.
13:20:650Michele De Carli: Okay, we'll start with this.
13:23:560Michele De Carli: So, we have seen how to build up the system, okay? We have seen that investment, you know, can work with the floor, to the ceiling, and with the wall, okay?
13:37:370Michele De Carli: So, let's have a look at what is… how is the heat transferred from the water to the room.
13:44:260Michele De Carli: Okay?
13:45:330Michele De Carli: So, first of all.
13:47:60Michele De Carli: This is, as all the other emission system, a heat exchanger again. So we have water.
13:55:380Michele De Carli: we are not forcing, and we have a very small amount of convection, okay, and actually, it's not only working by convection, but also by radiation, okay, so…
14:06:620Michele De Carli: In this case, we consider that the room is at the constant temperature. Okay, so as we have seen, for instance, in the… for the competitive fan colors, we have seen that we have… we work with the epsilon and U. Okay, so in this case.
14:25:710Michele De Carli: the… the… we have that in each circuit, okay, the water is flowing, okay? In this case, we are heating up the room, okay, so we have that the water temperature is higher than the room temperature, and we have along the…
14:44:890Michele De Carli: Path of the…
14:46:570Michele De Carli: the length of the pipe, okay. We have water entering with a certain level of temperature, okay.
14:57:500Michele De Carli: And return, okay, after this, okay.
15:02:950Michele De Carli: Let's say, listen.
15:06:430Michele De Carli: So, in principle, you have a logarithmic change of temperature, okay? So you, in this case, you should use, in principle.
15:16:960Michele De Carli: the… The mill or very quick temperature difference between the
15:24:510Michele De Carli: Room temperature, and the water temperature.
15:27:730Michele De Carli: Okay?
15:30:130Michele De Carli: Of course.
15:37:350Michele De Carli: Depending on the delta T, okay?
15:40:880Michele De Carli: the greater the delta T, the greater the logarithmic shape, the smaller the
15:49:550Michele De Carli: temperature difference, so if you have two, three degrees, okay, they're considering the linear temperature difference instead of a logarithmic part, okay.
15:59:870Michele De Carli: Does not really, okay, make big…
16:06:670Michele De Carli: mistakes, okay?
16:08:780Michele De Carli: Anyway, in principle, it's an algorithmic function, okay? And the room temperature is constant, okay?
16:15:620Michele De Carli: Of course, you have to face the load of the bidding, okay, so the design load of the bidding.
16:24:510Michele De Carli: So, what you should consider is, on one hand, how they…
16:35:260Michele De Carli: Heat is transferred to the room, okay.
16:39:110Michele De Carli: Okay, so you have to consider Death.
16:44:00Michele De Carli: we can subdivide the heat transfer between that…
16:51:930Michele De Carli: let's say, conduction phenomenon that you have between the water and the surfaces, okay, the top surface. Let's consider the floor, okay, let's consider the floor.
17:03:860Michele De Carli: Okay, so we have to consider… well, we have to consider that we are hitting a
17:11:100Michele De Carli: The water is flowing in the pipe. The pipe is at higher temperatures than the roof, so the pipe is heating up the concrete layer and the finishing material, because you have to think about that on top of the concrete layer, you put in tires, wood, you know, whatever, plastic, whatever you need.
17:31:430Michele De Carli: So, this is, okay, detailed to this simulation, okay? So, here you can see
17:38:590Michele De Carli: Well, you can see that, As you usually do, guess who's at it.
17:50:650Michele De Carli: Sorry.
17:54:490Michele De Carli: What you can assume, okay, as a very first hypothesis, is that, of course.
18:02:120Michele De Carli: The water enters with a certain temperature, then eventually it is
18:08:200Michele De Carli: like this shape here, okay, little parameters. Okay, it's exchanging it, but from this point here.
18:15:10Michele De Carli: And this point here.
18:16:810Michele De Carli: there is not a dramatic change in temperature, so the temperatures are very similar to the night, there is the difference between the sky and the Earth, but when you consider two
18:29:40Michele De Carli: two pipes, okay, one close to another, the temperature difference is not the time, so you can avoid Deep.
18:38:640Michele De Carli: the flow, the heat flow between one pipe and another. Okay, so what you usually do, you consider just one pipe and half of the pipe spacing on one side and one side. So half… if this is the…
18:57:00Michele De Carli: the pipe spacing, okay, D,
19:00:710Michele De Carli: then you can consider the same T across one pi. Okay, so you have T half here.
19:11:250Michele De Carli: and D half here, okay?
19:15:350Michele De Carli: So, these are adiabatic conditions, okay, and… and then you have…
19:22:920Michele De Carli: The heat exchange on the two surfaces, okay?
19:26:570Michele De Carli: What you could see here is that below the pipe, You add the insulin material.
19:35:780Michele De Carli: Okay, you have the insulation.
19:37:880Michele De Carli: And you can see that the effect on insulation
19:43:770Michele De Carli: is what? That below the insulin… the insulin material.
19:48:440Michele De Carli: you have 1D heat flux, okay, because the insulation material stops the heat flow, okay?
19:57:370Michele De Carli: And… And in this case, then you have, 1D.
20:03:150Michele De Carli: Okay.
20:05:850Michele De Carli: How many of you did the… energy buildings.
20:10:480Michele De Carli: Okay, so you have seen in emerging buildings, what happens far away from the thermal bridge, okay? So you have one heat flux, which means that the isothermal curves, they are parallel one to another, and they're linear, okay?
20:25:80Michele De Carli: You can see that similarly here, okay, on top.
20:30:780Michele De Carli: It depends very much on the geometry and also the lambda, the thermal conductivity of the finishing material, but let's say that also close to the indoor surface, okay, you have similar pattern, okay, but it depends on what you have.
20:48:500Michele De Carli: But you can see that here, you have two dimensions. So the heat flow is going… in…
20:56:310Michele De Carli: Yeah, the isothermal, the isothermal curve, they are, okay? So, here you have 2D.
21:02:860Michele De Carli: Conduction, okay, heat exchange.
21:08:370Michele De Carli: But basically, we can… We can fix… okay, let's say… sorry, I will… Erase everything.
21:25:550Michele De Carli: And I will highlight in orange, okay? We can highlight, let's say, 3 surfaces.
21:32:830Michele De Carli: the pipe surface, Okay? The upper surface and the lower surface, okay?
21:39:350Michele De Carli: So, actually, we have water, blowing.
21:45:370Michele De Carli: And then we have a heat flow towards the top of the room, so… to the floor.
21:53:190Michele De Carli: And here you can see… This is 99 watts per square meter, okay, that is what we have.
22:00:680Michele De Carli: And on the bottom, we have 13 watts per kilometer. In any case, we have
22:06:960Michele De Carli: That the heat that is delivered by the water, goes… on the room?
22:14:300Michele De Carli: Okay, through the floor.
22:15:930Michele De Carli: And we have some losses, okay, we have some losses on the global flow.
22:22:420Michele De Carli: And this is due to the conduction that we have in this system, okay?
22:27:60Michele De Carli: So this is what happens.
22:33:860Michele De Carli: Inside of our system. But then, We have to think about.
22:41:90Michele De Carli: That the surface Okay, here, you can see, we have… you can see that this isothermal curve is roundabout
22:56:890Michele De Carli: 333.
22:58:830Michele De Carli: Did you see? Okay.
23:01:70Michele De Carli: So it means?
23:02:540Michele De Carli: That we have, you can see, we have 29 on top.
23:06:790Michele De Carli: Okay?
23:13:900Michele De Carli: So it means that the temperature of the floor
23:18:930Michele De Carli: Is, let's say, around about 29 years.
23:21:790Michele De Carli: Okay?
23:25:470Michele De Carli: So…
23:30:90Michele De Carli: We are considering.
23:32:160Michele De Carli: the floor, Okay, surface.
23:35:590Michele De Carli: And then we have to consider that from the floor surface, we have the heat transfer to the room, okay? So, the heat transfer to the room is on one side, convective.
23:47:990Michele De Carli: And on the other side, radiative, okay, so infrared and compression.
23:53:660Michele De Carli: And… we… And to consider the combination of these two.
23:59:800Michele De Carli: It does, right?
24:02:400Michele De Carli: And it means that, basically, we can define an overall
24:06:880Michele De Carli: resistance on the surface, okay? Which is… By the way, leading to… 29 degrees C.
24:15:440Michele De Carli: Okay, on the floor.
24:17:950Michele De Carli: and 20 degrees C in the room, okay? So if we have a temperature difference between the floor at 29 degrees and the room at 20 degrees, means that we need the heat exchange, and this heat exchange can be
24:30:120Michele De Carli: It can be, okay, it can be assumed as a thermal resistance, which is median from 29 to 20 degrees.
24:39:490Michele De Carli: Okay, yes? But it is a problem because you have one floor, or one floor, so it is,
24:48:450Michele De Carli: Local discomfort.
24:50:270Michele De Carli: We received that.
24:51:730Michele De Carli: Later.
24:52:960Michele De Carli: Okay, but basically what and why it is important now to split the system into… because… the…
25:01:00Michele De Carli: Comfort, it can be a problem.
25:04:220Michele De Carli: But it's related to this heat transfer, to what happens between the surface and the
25:12:470Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is one part of the problem.
25:16:380Michele De Carli: And related to this temperature difference, and actually the temperature of the surface, we might need to discover.
25:24:460Michele De Carli: And this is one point. The other point is
25:28:680Michele De Carli: How should I get this temperature?
25:33:230Michele De Carli: with… What kind of system?
25:36:780Michele De Carli: Diameter, pipe spacing.
25:39:850Michele De Carli: thickness of the concrete layer, finishing material, okay? So I have to define the conduction transfer between the water and the room, okay?
25:51:660Michele De Carli: Of course, they are combined, okay, but we can, let's say, separate them in at least two different steps. So the first step is to look
26:01:440Michele De Carli: At this transfer, so what happens from the surface to the room? Because, depending on the surface temperature, we might have this cold.
26:11:40Michele De Carli: On the other side, we need to consider the conduction between the water back to the inside of the pipe. What is the conduction from the pipe to the room?
26:21:110Michele De Carli: Okay, which is dependent.
26:23:710Michele De Carli: all the geometry, the characteristics of the material, and so on, okay? And this is the other part, the second part of the…
26:33:200Michele De Carli: gay?
26:35:670Michele De Carli: Okay, so, basically, we can, okay, say that this is, from the heat transfer point of view.
26:47:340Michele De Carli: Okay, this is the problem, okay? So, we could work with a detailed calculation to the detailed calculation.
26:58:270Michele De Carli: But it takes too long time, okay? So, and many times we are not paid for doing this calculation, okay?
27:06:280Michele De Carli: Or, we can work with…
27:10:370Michele De Carli: Simplified methodology, okay, which can be at least Okay.
27:17:300Michele De Carli: with these resistances, okay, so we could consider an equivalent temperature of this grid, okay, or let's say, the plane of the pipes, okay, so we could somehow
27:29:460Michele De Carli: stage.
27:30:900Michele De Carli: We could somehow relate the average temperature that you have on the pipe level.
27:37:510Michele De Carli: In your water, with the treatable resistance.
27:40:420Michele De Carli: And then you can consider one.
27:44:80Michele De Carli: dimension, the resistance. So, by working with the ratio between the thickness of the materials and the length of the materials.
27:52:510Michele De Carli: From the pipe sale to the…
27:55:140Michele De Carli: Lower surface, and then the total intracial surface, Omoto en un…
28:03:460Michele De Carli: Okay? But we come back to this point too, okay?
28:08:230Michele De Carli: So, we stop… Now, here, and we come back to this point.
28:14:480Michele De Carli: Okay?
28:16:260Michele De Carli: All right, thank you, and see you tomorrow.