Assistente AI
Trascrizione
00:01:280Michele De Carli: Okay, we can…
00:13:40Michele De Carli: Yes.
00:17:300Michele De Carli: Guys… yes, okay, so…
00:28:410Michele De Carli: Yeah, let me finish the… Yeah, so, restart today, okay?
00:33:550Michele De Carli: We start with, let's say, the last part related to the…
00:41:870Michele De Carli: Ventilation systems, and we are going to see the different components that we might find
00:47:520Michele De Carli: In, a longer, let's say, the… They, and the air,
00:57:200Michele De Carli: Systems, okay, here is your system.
01:00:740Michele De Carli: So we have seen, so far, let's say, the, the AI unit, which is, of course,
01:11:370Michele De Carli: a key technology for air when… for the ventilation systems, okay, both for full air and primary air, systems, so air and water.
01:23:690Michele De Carli: Now we are going to see the different components that we might find, okay, in, let's say, along the path. Of course, the first, the main component is
01:39:130Michele De Carli: the, is, refers to dots. So, the dots are the, the, are the, And then…
01:51:140Michele De Carli: devices, okay, which are, let's, are confining, okay? They, they distribute the air along, or across the building, okay? We have basically two different types of ducts, okay? We might have circular ducts.
02:12:300Michele De Carli: And, or, let's say, rectangular, square, dots. What is the difference? The difference is that, the, usually the circular dots are,
02:29:600Michele De Carli: They cost more than rectangular nuts.
02:33:620Michele De Carli: They are, they have, of course, some pros, because they, they, they, they allow better sound insulation, so…
02:46:360Michele De Carli: When we think about the air distribution system, so the ventilation systems, okay, we have to think about that we are driving air, okay, so air is flowing through the dots.
03:01:940Michele De Carli: As we, as I told you, from the time of the air handling unit.
03:08:920Michele De Carli: And what is, let's say, beyond the air handling unit, we have to… we have to reduce the noise of the funds. And this is, of course, important. You have to think about that then the ducks are, let's say, crossing all the buildings, and in that case, we might have that some noise generated in some
03:33:680Michele De Carli: can enter into the dots, okay? And then the dots are, let's say, are driving the noise to the different rooms, okay? This is the, what is usually,
03:48:640Michele De Carli: known as a crosstalk, effect, okay? So, we might be here, and maybe we can hear someone in the… in the following room, okay? And that is because the noise can, okay, enter from one, from one room into the duct, and then goes in the other.
04:08:130Michele De Carli: Okay, so usually with the circular ducts, with the circular ducts, you can avoid this.
04:17:120Michele De Carli: the secretary ducts are… there are… we have two different, let's say, materials. One is the metal sheet, okay, so they are, spirol, sheet ducts, okay, and they are quite,
04:31:340Michele De Carli: They are quite, they provide quite good isolation, okay. Or we could have, as we have seen, the,
04:44:710Michele De Carli: Flexible Index, where we have also some, in case we could have some, some,
04:53:770Michele De Carli: some insulation, okay, on the outer shell. And in this case, these are also suitable for, let's say, making some insulation, because the noise then, which could enter, okay, in a circular duct, okay, can be
05:13:650Michele De Carli: Then, absorbed by the, by the fiber materials, which is the usual, insulated materials that you have, on, between, let's say, or let's say,
05:26:50Michele De Carli: On the outer, let's say, diameter of the sequela.
05:31:750Michele De Carli: Okay, so, so, the circular dots are not that frequent, apart, let's say, the flexible dots, okay?
05:41:60Michele De Carli: which you are seeing, they are used to maintain a reservation system for residential purposes, but they are also used as final branch keys, okay, of the reservation system, okay? So you have to think about that.
05:53:10Michele De Carli: from the air in the unit, you're distributing the air, okay? We… you have the main branches, then you have some Second Valley branches, okay?
06:02:870Michele De Carli: For visitors in the different zones, and then… or for different rooms, and then from the final branches, you might have, okay, like, a plenum or whatever, and… and then you have the super ducts, which are, instead, providing the air to the support, air terminal devices, or the system, okay?
06:22:210Michele De Carli: So the, the, the, the simpler ducts, flexible ducts, okay, so the, the, the, the rigid ducts are not that used so much, okay? Apart, for instance, if you want to have, like,
06:40:720Michele De Carli: visible data in the… in the room, okay, for, let's say, architectural…
06:46:120Michele De Carli: purposes, okay? So, for a better integration, you could have the circular ducts, but apart this, usually they are not that frequent, okay? So, but they are very frequent in the terminal section of the integration system, which means from the tabular ducts, the secondary.
07:05:920Michele De Carli: or main branches to the air terminal device. The air terminal device is going to say.
07:13:130Michele De Carli: in the short term.
07:18:690Michele De Carli: Yes, so usually the main, or the most used solutions are the rectangular dots, okay? So the rectangular dots are usually
07:28:520Michele De Carli: the most frequent solution for driving the air from the air in the unit to the… to the rooms, okay? And in this case, we have, let's say, two types of materials, okay? The most, the classic material, which has been used,
07:46:340Michele De Carli: extensively in the past was the metal sheet ducts, okay? They are still used, okay? So, they are, let's say, tangular boxes, okay, of a certain, dimension.
08:02:620Michele De Carli: They are, they, they are, they have good, properties, okay, in terms of mechanical properties.
08:11:620Michele De Carli: And, here you can see how they can, how they can be, merged one to another, okay? So usually.
08:22:00Michele De Carli: You have some rainforest, the usual way is to use rainforest flanges, okay, that are then put together, okay?
08:31:660Michele De Carli: And, and in this way, of course, you have to seal, okay, the… the section
08:39:370Michele De Carli: between one duct, one piece of data and another, okay, in order to avoid any exfiltration, okay?
08:48:340Michele De Carli: And, and in this case, okay, you can, okay, you can build the, the dots,
08:57:260Michele De Carli: Okay?
08:58:70Michele De Carli: Meanwhile, you're going from there, you mean to the… to the… to the rings, okay? Of course, it is very much important, of course, the ducks are, let's say, are, are, they hang, from the ceiling, okay?
09:14:760Michele De Carli: And, of course, since you need to merge the different dots, you need some air gap between the ceiling and the duct. Okay, so you have to think about that.
09:26:240Michele De Carli: then you require some room, some space, okay? And usually they can be in the… they can be visible, or they can be hidden by a false ceiling, okay?
09:40:280Michele De Carli: So what you have to think about is that, of course, you need some room, some space, okay? If you remember what I told you at the beginning of the course.
09:49:440Michele De Carli: In the first sketch, the first design stage, you need to define the
09:56:570Michele De Carli: values, okay, which are needed by the technical systems. So, the main branches, okay, for the main branches, you have to, to more or less know which is the, which is the,
10:10:240Michele De Carli: volume which is required by the dots, okay? Because at the end, they should be located on the roof, on the ceiling, okay? And they should be held, and you need, okay, some height, okay? So in that case, you have to think about that if the finishing
10:28:790Michele De Carli: If… imagine that this is a corridor, then you have two rooms, two ambitious rooms.
10:33:920Michele De Carli: you could, you, you have, some space in the room, okay? Imagine, I don't know, which,
10:44:110Michele De Carli: Have you ever been in Katula Room? Audula? Have you ever been here? No? Okay.
10:54:890Michele De Carli: what, room N1, M2, have you been there? Okay, you, you, yes, you can see there is a full, a full ceiling, okay? You have this, sitting there, okay? I mean, to see how they are, okay? So you have to think about that here, you will have, for instance, 60 centimeters, okay? And if you are in an office space, okay, this…
11:17:870Michele De Carli: It's usually, you need 3 meters height, okay, as a net height between the… the… the…
11:26:870Michele De Carli: the floor and the fore ceiling, okay? So in the corridor, you could have the 2.4, okay, so you are allowed to have a smaller height, okay? So that means that you can have, okay, 1.2 meters, okay, to…
11:45:440Michele De Carli: to host, okay, the…
11:47:680Michele De Carli: the dots, for instance, the main nuts, but also the electrical end, okay, and so on. Okay, so you have to… this has to be decided, okay, at the very beginning of the design, okay, when… and this is the key point when you are doing the feasibility study, okay, the first stage of the design.
12:10:800Michele De Carli: It's right to know how much room you need for housing the
12:16:170Michele De Carli: the HVAC, or let's say the method, okay, the mechanical and active complex, okay? In our case, the HVAC system. And, of course, the interaction system, they are the, most,
12:30:20Michele De Carli: the biggest, okay, the system which require more volume, okay, and the main branches of the batch should be sized, okay, in a preliminary way, as we will see, okay.
12:47:530Michele De Carli: Maybe tomorrow, or the day after tomorrow, okay?
12:51:10Michele De Carli: Alright, so,
12:53:360Michele De Carli: So, it is important to remember that, the… these metal ducts, okay, they are… they are, let's say, they have good, mechanical properties, okay? The mechanical properties are enhanced, okay, by,
13:12:40Michele De Carli: By, stamping, okay, the metal sheets, okay, in order to make the, the, the surface, the, the.
13:23:930Michele De Carli: the system more rigid, okay, in order to avoid, okay, vibrations, which could, okay, then generate noise, okay, because this is also something that we want to avoid. We want to stop the noise from the fans, but we want also
13:39:470Michele De Carli: not to generate noise in… along the… the distribution lines, okay? So, the noise which could be generated, sorry, the noise can be generated either by the vibrations of the… of the… of the… of the…
13:57:450Michele De Carli: The wall is okay, that's okay.
13:59:730Michele De Carli: or could be generated by the turbulences that we might have inside the data. So.
14:05:390Michele De Carli: This is why, as you will see, we have to limit the speed of the air along the distribution system, okay? And of course, we have different limits according to the, to the, to where we are in the path from the air in the limit to the, to the… so we will have…
14:24:850Michele De Carli: as you will see, main branches, secondary branches, and so on. So usually, we have to reduce farther, okay, the velocity, the speed of the air, in order to avoid the turbulences which can generate the velocities along the path.
14:40:920Michele De Carli: So this is, a sketch, okay? So here, you can see how they are, how they are made, okay? Here you can see that you have some curves. You need us to, to, let's say.
14:52:190Michele De Carli: Adjust the height according to the, for instance, the beams that you… the structural beams that you might have, okay, inside of a building, and so on.
15:04:190Michele De Carli: And, of course, you have to think about it, that you have to work, okay, at a certain height, and that they are quite heavy, okay, so these are…
15:13:110Michele De Carli: That should is something that should be handled. I mean, maybe in a curve, maybe it could be handled by just one person. No, not really. But when you have some, some, some linear,
15:27:160Michele De Carli: That's okay, this… Are quite tight. So you need to, let's say, to,
15:35:770Michele De Carli: to rise them, okay, up to the ceiling level, and then you have to, let's say, make all the stuff, okay, so you have to merge the different parts, okay, in height, and also to… you… you need to, okay, also hang the, the, the metal, darts.
15:57:230Michele De Carli: All right, so this is, the, the, the, the, the, these are the positive points. Of course, as you have seen, in, the, in most Racono, okay, in, let's say, in the 90s, there was this,
16:14:800Michele De Carli: a solution which, appeared in the market, okay, and these are the so-called translated dots. Transylated dots are, dots which are, let's say, made of polyurethan foams, okay? And, in between two, thin sheets of,
16:34:560Michele De Carli: thin sheets, aluminium sheets, okay? Aluminum foils, okay. And, of course, in this case, you have, let's say, two main, two main, advantages, okay? The first advantage is.
16:48:750Michele De Carli: That, you can, transport, okay, the, the, the ducks, not, already okay,
16:59:470Michele De Carli: already in, as you should do with the, with the Metashift dots, okay? Metashift dots should come in the,
17:09:30Michele De Carli: workplace, already mounted, okay? In this case, they are, like, flat, elements that can be, okay, valued, okay, and, and, built on, side.
17:23:730Michele De Carli: So, transportation advantage and also the, heaviness, okay? So, they are light structures, so they… you can see that it is… they can be easily handled by the…
17:34:410Michele De Carli: workers, okay, which is also a positive part. Of course, they are also pre-insulated materials, okay, so in this case, the metal sheet should be then also insulated, okay? It's not, I mean.
17:46:900Michele De Carli: It's not complicated, but it's an additional work that you have to do in… on-site, okay, and this, of course, increases the cost. In this case, you have already prefabricated solutions, so you are speeding up the process in installing the system.
18:02:790Michele De Carli: And, yes, this is how you may interface. So here, for instance, you can see that you have, okay.
18:11:710Michele De Carli: Let me check.
18:12:850Michele De Carli: So, in this case, you can see, okay, I don't know which is the return, the supply and the return, okay, but in this case, you can see that you have one ducted… oh, sorry, I mean…
18:26:140Michele De Carli: change the color every time. So you can see that you have one duct, and then you have… okay, then it's separated into two ducts, okay? So, the original one duct is the main branch, okay? And in this case, you have two branches, okay, two secondary branches, yes?
18:45:220Michele De Carli: Can you make an example in which the pressure is, like, a limitation? Like, is an issue?
18:52:590Michele De Carli: The pressure is… I don't know exactly which is the pressure, the reference pressure, okay, limit, but I know that in the past they had some problems. I don't know if these problems have been solved so far, okay? It depends on the… yes, it depends on the amount of flow rate that you need.
19:16:620Michele De Carli: And the pressure that you have inside the duct, yes. In the past, there were some problems, okay? I don't know, maybe they are sold, they sold them, okay?
19:28:640Michele De Carli: I know that in some circumstances, they had some problems, okay, in, let's say, in, in, exfiltrations and problems in, in, in, in guaranteeing the, the, the tightness of the, of the, of the air.
19:46:570Michele De Carli: Okay?
19:51:20Michele De Carli: Okay, but apart that, I mean, they are quite… they are quite… you have seen them, okay, you have… you manage them, you can… you have seen that in less… in the most common, they are really… they are really,
20:04:770Michele De Carli: very good, also improving. One important issue was also related, as you, as you mentioned, okay, by making thicker the foil, okay, for external applications in order to avoid, okay, damages from, any, atmospheric event, okay?
20:22:960Michele De Carli: All right, by the way, you have, in the, in the,
20:29:110Michele De Carli: So we can… we can have a look.
20:31:340Michele De Carli: Okay, in the folder in Moodle, okay, you have…
20:39:400Michele De Carli: You have different documents, okay, that I'm going to show you, during this, lecture. Okay, yes, sorry, I have two.
20:49:200Michele De Carli: In that tool.
20:53:750Michele De Carli: Okay.
20:56:400Michele De Carli: Okay.
20:59:710Michele De Carli: funciono.
21:02:700Michele De Carli: Duplicate person.
21:09:70Michele De Carli: Okay, you can see that.
21:18:570Michele De Carli: Oh, hello, dear.
21:25:710Michele De Carli: See? How are the, pre-insulated ones fixed together?
21:32:180Michele De Carli: Wait, wait, just a minute,
21:46:340Michele De Carli: Okay, good. So, one moment, I will answer, okay? So, yes, okay, so you have here, you have the… this document can be used as a reference, okay, document, okay, here you have almost everything that we are going to say.
22:03:770Michele De Carli: Here you have, for your…
22:07:560Michele De Carli: This is, okay, the manual for the installation, okay, of, the duct set. What… yes, what did you ask?
22:16:580Michele De Carli: How are they fixed together? You have a bionet, mounting, okay, I think it's here.
22:25:200Michele De Carli: If not, I will try to explain you, okay?
22:29:480Michele De Carli: They are… fitted together.
22:40:470Michele De Carli: But if it's not here, I will try to explain you.
22:44:500Michele De Carli: Yes, here you can see, okay, there, they are… here, you see, there are… there are special, ends, okay, which are, let's say.
22:54:600Michele De Carli: inserted in the terminal elements, okay, and there you have this,
23:03:500Michele De Carli: Yeah, you have these special connections that you can use, okay, and by inserting these elements, you are, okay, you're fixing them together, and then by using a,
23:21:350Michele De Carli: So it's cost master, tape, okay, a tape, like American tape, okay, you can, you can, you can lock them, and you can seal them. So they are quite, they are quite easy to, to.
23:35:320Michele De Carli: to merge together, okay? And here you have also this special connection. So, everything is, everything is,
23:43:20Michele De Carli: is done. And, of course, he has some, for European,
23:49:630Michele De Carli: paste, okay, to be used to seal the elements, okay? Because, of course, when you… when you use polyurethane materials, you need to use also polyurethane glues, or whatever to do, I mean.
24:03:780Michele De Carli: To be more, let's say, to seal together the analytics.
24:15:590Michele De Carli: Okay, I forgot to share this information in the web, but…
24:21:690Michele De Carli: Let's see inside. Okay. Okay, alright, so now… applications.
24:35:730Michele De Carli: Okay, I'll share this game.
24:42:200Michele De Carli: 9?
24:43:500Michele De Carli: Okay.
24:44:590Michele De Carli: You know, we go… In this way, because in this way.
24:49:510Michele De Carli: Okay, yes.
24:54:950Michele De Carli: All right, now, so that is… also, okay, so the… the ducks, okay, are the, of course, the…
25:03:550Michele De Carli: the main, the main, I mean, are extremely important because you have to drive the air in the different rooms, okay? And you do that in… by this, let's say.
25:18:700Michele De Carli: By a certain, or a suitable pattern of the dots, okay, which, can, then,
25:27:490Michele De Carli: And you're going to size the dots, the dimensions of the… intellect.
25:34:370Michele De Carli: for… mmm…
25:36:280Michele De Carli: Of course, you need, to, use the so-called equalizing diameters, okay? Why? Because, as a…
25:46:860Michele De Carli: As we are going to see when we are going to…
25:51:510Michele De Carli: talk about the sizing of the dots, which is the last lecture of the regulation system part, okay? Of course, the key… the key points that you have to
26:07:330Michele De Carli: Take into account when your size in the air distribution system, okay, is
26:13:860Michele De Carli: On one hand, to limit the cross-section of the duct, because if you limit the cross-section of the duct, the duct will be smaller, and it will be then, at the end, cheaper, okay, the installation.
26:28:390Michele De Carli: But on the other side, you have to avoid too high pressure losses, okay, linear pressure losses, along the part of the distribution system.
26:40:570Michele De Carli: Taking also into account the limits that you have in the
26:45:360Michele De Carli: acoustic, okay? So, in, in, involving the generation of turbulences in the dance, okay? So, this will be the main, the main issues that you have to think about when you have to size the air distribution system.
27:02:860Michele De Carli: The sizing of the distribution system is… so you're going to size the system, but, it might be that, when you install the…
27:17:380Michele De Carli: dark distribution network, okay.
27:20:340Michele De Carli: Due to some, let's say, spaces or obstacles that you might find in the, while doing the works, or some problems, okay, you could have some
27:37:680Michele De Carli: changes in the… in the design, okay? So you are doing the design, but then when you are realizing the dark network, okay, you might have some…
27:46:760Michele De Carli: you might, need some changes because of any, okay, any, any hitch that you might have in the, work, in, during the works, okay?
28:00:210Michele De Carli: So,
28:03:740Michele De Carli: what you… what you could do if you install an equalizing dumper. We have seen them when we talked about the air handling unit, okay, in order to adjust the… the… the…
28:18:240Michele De Carli: the… The fluorid, especially when we have reciproculation, okay?
28:24:400Michele De Carli: The same could happen in the different branches of the… of the air distribution network, okay? So, you could… and remember, it is an open solution, okay, the air distribution network, and you might have parallel branches, and you might not reach
28:43:90Michele De Carli: the same pressure drop in all the branches. So, in order to have the same pressure drop, and to drive exactly the
28:51:350Michele De Carli: the suitable flow rate, okay? You might need some adjust… adjustments, okay, once you have installed the air distribution, okay?
29:03:200Michele De Carli: This can be done in the different branches, and can also… and usually we have also these equalizing dampers also in the air terminal devices, okay, in order to adjust, okay.
29:14:20Michele De Carli: the airflow rate. So these equalizing dampers, okay, are used to generate a local pressure drop, okay, in order to have the suitable, the wanted airflow rate, okay?
29:29:930Michele De Carli: And of course, on one hand, you are… you are generating a pressure drop, okay, so from the energy point of view, it's an energy loss, but it might be required, okay, it might be needy, because otherwise you have not the, the wanted flow rate, okay, reaching
29:49:180Michele De Carli: the… a certain song, a certain room, or even the air tenure device.
29:55:750Michele De Carli: So how can you, and this is, of course, as I told you, for the air unit, this can be adjusted just once, okay, and you can… you can adjust the… the… the obstruction, let's say the… the pressure drop, okay, according to
30:16:750Michele De Carli: Let's say, oh, just once, okay, you can do it mechanically, just at the beginning.
30:20:880Michele De Carli: Or at the end of the works, before the starting up, or during the starting up process of the… of the ventilation system, okay.
30:30:760Michele De Carli: Or you can also adjust the airflow rate, okay, because you have… you might have, like, demand control ventilation, okay, or variable air ventilation. So you might be in… you might, okay, adjust the flow rate in some zone in one room, okay, according to the load of the room, or the, let's say,
30:54:320Michele De Carli: occupancy of the room, okay? So, it might be that you don't need this array, because in this moment, you might need 30% of the load in the room, okay? So, you will reduce the
31:07:210Michele De Carli: the fluid, okay?
31:09:230Michele De Carli: you might need… not need the full flow rate, because the room is just half, okay, occupied by the person. So, in that case, you can… you could have the puree, because you don't need, okay, according to the CO2 recorded in the room, okay, to the sensor of CO2, okay.
31:30:60Michele De Carli: I remember always the differential, okay, so the different… the delta between the COP that you have in the room and the CO2 that you have outside, okay, according to this CO2 level.
31:40:380Michele De Carli: Okay, maybe you had… you… you are… you have, you are measuring 300, 400 ppm, okay, you're allowed to get 600, 700, okay, so you can, okay, half the flow rate, and you can half the flow rate, okay, by closing, okay, the zone with the adapter, usually
32:01:860Michele De Carli: the butterflies down there, as you have seen in the limo, okay, if you remember in the limo, in the stand in Nusra Conveno?
32:11:90Michele De Carli: We had the, blade damper together with the actuator, okay, and the belly mow is, is, is providing this,
32:20:630Michele De Carli: system, of course, together, okay? And, of course, by, by adjusting the position, okay, they, they, they know, they have a, of course, a
32:31:780Michele De Carli: a function which is connecting the closing of the data, okay, with the supply, sorry, with the flow rate, okay, so…
32:42:210Michele De Carli: By, by knowing the position of the blade, okay, they know.
32:46:800Michele De Carli: how much fluid they can provide. And of course, in this case, then the fan will adjust the speed, okay, according to the pressure.
32:57:460Michele De Carli: To the head, okay, which is, which can be delivered by the thumb.
33:03:440Michele De Carli: Okay, and you have to think about that when you're closing the damper, okay, then all the system, okay, is changing the pressure, so…
33:13:860Michele De Carli: In that case, that is why I told you it is important to go from a system integrator, okay, so having just a unique solution, okay, because otherwise, okay, you will close one damper, then you close another, and everything will
33:28:190Michele De Carli: be mixed up and…
33:29:930Michele De Carli: It will be a disaster, okay? So, the others are used just once, okay, when you start up the client.
33:40:730Michele De Carli: Or, they can be used, okay, for, for, controlling the, variable, velocity, variable, flow rate. And in that case, they should be, okay.
33:55:690Michele De Carli: of course, equipped with an electrical engine, okay? And of course, in that case, you have to think about that you need to also to provide the electricity, okay, so you need to provide the water…
34:09:489Michele De Carli: two wires, okay, to get the electricity to the dumper, okay, for controlling, and also, and we need also,
34:18:620Michele De Carli: Also, a communication cable, okay?
34:23:80Michele De Carli: So, of course, that will increase the costs, okay, but maybe the benefits that you might have in having a variable speed, as we have seen, okay, may be, I mean, the saving cost that you have
34:40:260Michele De Carli: For the fun, and…
34:42:350Michele De Carli: and the energy, okay, electrical and thermal energy, okay, can then recover. You could have a payback time of this, increased, solution, okay, of this, it's an increased cost solution, okay? Okay, so…
35:05:670Michele De Carli: Yes, so let's have a look at how these systems, they work, okay? So, the rectangular dampers, okay, are dampers which are closing, okay, so you can rotate, okay, you can't see that, but I mean,
35:22:90Michele De Carli: Okay, so here you can buy… you can rotate each single damper, okay, in order to, okay, abstract the… the section, okay?
35:33:560Michele De Carli: And according to the, so you can do that, okay, by rotating these blades, okay? They can be aluminium or in steel, okay? In any case, these blades are rotating, okay?
35:47:790Michele De Carli: And, and closing or opening the section. You can also limit the section by the so-called iris damper. The iris dumper is like our eye, okay, so by…
36:02:280Michele De Carli: you can see there is a level here, okay? And by, by, by rotating the level, okay, you are, you are closing, okay, the, you are, you're closing at the, you are,
36:18:120Michele De Carli: Restricting the, the central area, okay, by
36:24:200Michele De Carli: making an abstraction, okay? This is something that you can do.
36:27:670Michele De Carli: There is also the so-called Zlide panter, okay, which is called Guillotina, okay, in Italian, and in this case, you have a sheet which is,
36:37:920Michele De Carli: Okay, which can be, translate, not translated, which can be shifted, okay, by making more or, or less, abstraction, okay? Usually the most simple to, to be used, okay, especially for, for…
36:57:800Michele De Carli: when you want to use the actuator, are the blade… the butterfly or blade ducker, okay, which are these, circular, element which can be rotated and can, okay, generate this pressure loss.
37:14:200Michele De Carli: Okay? Okay, so these are the different types of dampers, okay? And,
37:25:410Michele De Carli: And again, you can use them for, let's say, for balancing this system.
37:35:500Michele De Carli: Yes? Well, that notes at the very beginning of the notes, right?
37:41:200Michele De Carli: Are they the same in branches? Right, usually I… did I say the main… the main branch? No, but the secondary branches, yes, you can add it.
37:50:80Michele De Carli: In terms of budget this year, December 1st.
37:54:590Michele De Carli: The… what do you mean? We have devils, at the beginning of the death.
38:00:550Michele De Carli: Well, you can have everywhere, it is important that you can go in case and, and, and operate that. Yeah, yeah, we're talking about… these are all… usually, they are all,
38:16:820Michele De Carli: you can use them in rectangular dots. The blade… the rectangular dampers are usually used in the rectangular ducts.
38:29:350Michele De Carli: Okay, to adjust the flow rate for the secondary branches, for instance. These are usually used, okay, for the
38:37:00Michele De Carli: Well, they could be used also for, let's say, the terminal branches.
38:42:80Michele De Carli: Okay.
38:45:800Michele De Carli: Okay.
38:51:290Michele De Carli: Yes, now we talk about how to distribute the air into the rooms, okay? So the so-called air diffusers, or air terminal devices, okay? So, the air diffusers, or air terminal devices.
39:07:190Michele De Carli: They are, okay, responsible on, to…
39:13:410Michele De Carli: move anywhere inside of the room, okay? At the end, we want to
39:19:480Michele De Carli: To have a, to distribute the air, okay?
39:23:110Michele De Carli: And the most common solution is to use the air terminal devices, which can be, let's say.
39:33:300Michele De Carli: you can see that there are several types, okay? So you can have, round, or circular devices, okay? You can see them, you can have these, let's say, plates, okay, which are,
39:51:880Michele De Carli: Which are, positioned, in the outlet, okay?
39:59:460Michele De Carli: You can add this, let's say, rectangular, elements, okay? You can add this,
40:10:550Michele De Carli: concentric, okay, circles, okay? And, in all… and also with this, okay, spin-off, okay, or let's say.
40:21:660Michele De Carli: I recall it for whatever you want to learn.
40:25:250Michele De Carli: Or, you can add also this one here, okay, where you have this file, okay, so…
40:31:180Michele De Carli: you're obstructing the central part of the central area of the outlet, okay? And then the air is going in the amulet region. Or you can also have this squared
40:44:230Michele De Carli: elements, okay, which are making the same, the same, which are working in the same way as the other ones, okay? So what is the effect of, or what is…
40:58:560Michele De Carli: Supports the… which is the principle that they work upon.
41:02:380Michele De Carli: So basically, the principle is to to… To have.
41:12:840Michele De Carli: air, which is entering the moon, at relative high speed, okay, with creating turbulences, okay?
41:21:910Michele De Carli: And making the, the jet, okay, all the whole, okay, so making a uniform jet, okay, to all the, section, okay, so making a,
41:41:620Michele De Carli: a uniform injector, spread by the, air diffuser. Okay, so in this case, you have the…
42:00:450Michele De Carli: Okay, fine.
42:02:560Michele De Carli: So this is the fourth ceiling, okay? Here you have the…
42:05:970Michele De Carli: Air can modernize, okay, which…
42:09:290Michele De Carli: generate the different types of shapes, okay? But the idea is to, let's say, distribute the air, okay, almost horizontally, so close to the ceiling, okay?
42:23:500Michele De Carli: And, making the, the, the jet, okay, uniform in the whole, in the pole. So if I, if I just…
42:36:760Michele De Carli: if I'm looking on the total distance, okay, the idea is that the Earth is entering, okay, in a uniform way, in all directions, okay, in order to spread out.
42:51:740Michele De Carli: Remember to spread the day.
42:54:360Michele De Carli: The, the air, okay, to have a uniform distribution of the air.
42:59:280Michele De Carli: They are entered with a relatively high velocity, okay?
43:04:520Michele De Carli: I'm sorry, usually between 3 and 6.
43:08:550Michele De Carli: Okay, which generates some turbulences, okay, not too many, because also this here we can generate some noise, okay, so we need to avoid the generational noise, even for
43:22:850Michele De Carli: Also here, okay.
43:25:480Michele De Carli: Of course, they have some noise generation, okay, because we are… we are generating some turbulances, but this noise has to keep… has to be captured very soon, okay? And usually in, as you will… as you will see, tomorrow, maybe,
43:41:670Michele De Carli: When you have to size the air tenure device, one of the… one of the issues is also related to the generated noise by the… by the… by the… the air, distribution system.
44:00:240Michele De Carli: Yes, so the idea, as we are going to see later on, in a few slides, okay, the idea is that by entering and by creating turbulances, the, the air which enters the room drags
44:14:290Michele De Carli: the air of the looming order, okay, to… to create, of course, a movement to, let's say, to… to…
44:24:140Michele De Carli: to make the distribution of the air more uniform in the room, okay? Because, again, we want to have a uniform distribution of the air along the…
44:35:800Michele De Carli: Oh, let's see across the, the, the room.
44:40:760Michele De Carli: In the PDF, okay, that, you have in mobile, okay, you have the, also different,
44:53:930Michele De Carli: Solutions, okay, so here, just to, show you, okay.
44:59:140Michele De Carli: Yeah, you can see, okay, that this is a rectangular element, okay, with this, let's say, helicoidal holes, okay? If you… I think you can… I will enlarge it.
45:16:550Michele De Carli: Okay, so you can see that here, okay, this, let's say.
45:22:100Michele De Carli: Behind this, section, okay, you have some blades, okay, which are, which are, okay,
45:30:650Michele De Carli: which are giving a certain direction to the, air, okay, when it's getting out. And,
45:42:130Michele De Carli: Okay, we will talk about quanta effect, okay? So here you can see, of course, the parameters that you want… that you have to consider, okay, is the flow rate, nominal flow rate, okay, so in each… each one of them has to… so you have to, let's say.
45:59:910Michele De Carli: Subdivide the flow rate in a certain room into different elements that you have to, okay, that you have to distribute on the ceiling, in this case, okay?
46:11:810Michele De Carli: So here you have the nominal for rate, okay, so imagine that you need to provide 800… no, sorry, 800 is too much… 200, okay, okay, 800, 800, cubic meters per hour in one room, okay, according to the design, to the load, or to whatever, okay.
46:32:460Michele De Carli: Or to indoor air quality purposes. So, in that case, you could, choose, for instance, 100 cubic meter per hour. So, you need 8 air terminal devices, okay, on the roof, okay? 8 times 100 is 800, okay? Or you can
46:50:920Michele De Carli: For instance, install
46:54:880Michele De Carli: 6 of them, 6 of them, 6 of them, okay, with 150. Of course, 6 of them will be less, you have less, let's say, final, branches, okay, to collect, but of course, you have
47:12:160Michele De Carli: you have, greater pressure loss, okay? So you can see that by increasing the flow rate, you will increase the pressure… the pressure drop, okay? And…
47:25:640Michele De Carli: This is the last element of your… I told you, it is… we have an open circuit, okay? And this is the last element, so this is the last pressure drop that you have to take into account for the head of the fan, okay? So the head of the fan should consider from the air, for instance, in this case, from the…
47:43:940Michele De Carli: Out air, external air intake, okay, the handling unit, Device, let's say, component.
47:53:630Michele De Carli: All the distribution network plus, okay, this… Localized pressure loss, okay?
48:02:690Michele De Carli: we're going to see in a few slides what this is, but I want to tell you also, this is the level, the power level, the noise generating the power, okay, by the… by the, by the element.
48:16:420Michele De Carli: And you can see that by increasing the airflow rate by each element, you will increase also the noise, okay, 40 decibel of power generation noise, okay? Here, 30p, okay?
48:29:270Michele De Carli: 8 dB is…
48:30:870Michele De Carli: quite, quite important, okay? And, of course, you have, okay, then, of course, by increasing, or by localizing more air for weight, okay, you.
48:43:440Michele De Carli: could have a greater, okay, danger or a greater problem for aircraft, as we will see, okay? Because you are… you're moving a lot of air, okay, and this air in the occupied zone could be at a speed which could create a draft risk, okay?
49:02:800Michele De Carli: Okay,
49:05:930Michele De Carli: Yeah, so here you can see, okay, this… here you can see by the smoke, pest, okay, you can see that this is how the air enters, okay, and how it distributes, okay, so you can see that it is…
49:18:650Michele De Carli: There is almost a uniform distribution, okay, on the ceiling, in order to create this, let's say.
49:26:30Michele De Carli: mixing, okay, of the room air with the incoming air from the… from the diffusers, okay? What is important, okay, is to remember that
49:40:780Michele De Carli: Behind or on top of this diffuser, you can see we have
49:46:660Michele De Carli: a plenum, okay? So, the diffuser is able to, let's say, spread out in a uniform way the air, but we need a… we need a plenum, okay, so we need a box.
50:03:670Michele De Carli: on top, okay, in order to equalize the pressure and have a uniform pressure across all the sections. And usually, this is not only provided, or is provided by the plane, but you have also
50:21:570Michele De Carli: a whole blade, okay, a blade with… with holes, okay, which usually allow to balance better the pressure, and to have a more uniform pressure on the…
50:38:780Michele De Carli: On the… on the… On the section, okay, concept.
50:47:810Michele De Carli: And, of course, the delta P is, okay, also in this case, the alternatives is kept by the platinum, okay? So the delta P that you have to consider is from here to the outlet, okay? So…
51:05:620Michele De Carli: All this… and of course, what you have to think about is that you need to consider a certain height, okay?
51:11:790Michele De Carli: age for the plan. Okay, so in this case, for instance, okay, so in this case, we had the
51:23:690Michele De Carli: Yeah, 308, okay, for instance.
51:26:660Michele De Carli: What's this? Okay, 100, okay, so 308, okay, 100, okay. You can see that for 308, okay, the size is 22 centimeters, okay? So it means that if you want to install this.
51:43:220Michele De Carli: Okay, you need 21.5 centimeters, okay, plus 4.5 centimeters, so you need 30 centimeters, okay? So this is the space, the volume that you need, okay, the height that you need for the frosting, okay?
51:59:620Michele De Carli: And then, of course, in the first ceiling, we will also… you could also store the electrical wires and so on, okay? But, I mean, you need to consider that this 30 centimeters, okay, for the owner of the building, or for the investor, okay, is a loss of volume.
52:19:270Michele De Carli: money, okay, because at the end, when you build up a building, you have a certain volume, okay, and 30 centimeters over 3 meters is 10% of
52:31:480Michele De Carli: volume, which is also, okay, 10% less money, okay, that could be sold or rent, okay, for, for the building, okay? But, I mean, it's something that you cannot avoid.
52:46:860Michele De Carli: Because in that case, you need the… you need the agency, okay, this is a potential… so you're not able to do any…
52:54:700Michele De Carli: anything else. Okay, so, yes, we are going to see, you can see that in this case, you have some, some, some diagrams, okay? We are going to see these diagrams
53:10:40Michele De Carli: tomorrow, okay, where we are going to talk about how to size the air, if you say, but you can… we see that, I mean, the different producers might have different,
53:22:150Michele De Carli: diagrams, okay? But at the end, the philosophy is the same, okay? It's always the clarity, okay, the velocity in the occupied zone, the noise.
53:35:230Michele De Carli: the… of the air filming at the gas. Okay, these are the three elements that you have to consider.
53:41:890Michele De Carli: Yeah, this is, for instance, this. Now, this is something that we are going to see later.
53:48:770Michele De Carli: Yeah, okay, so this is, for instance, as you can see here, okay, here you can see better. This is the panel that you have on top of the air terminal device, okay.
53:58:00Michele De Carli: So you cannot avoid the plenum, and you can see the perforated, okay, blade in order to make the… and by adjusting this, you can have the wanted flow rate, okay, in the…
54:11:900Michele De Carli: Okay?
54:16:180Michele De Carli: Yes, this is Trox, okay? Trox is one of the best companies, okay, I can say that.
54:23:830Michele De Carli: without any… making any… Okay, yes, and here you can see this is the, the, the,
54:36:530Michele De Carli: the concentric elements, okay, you can see, they can be, I mean, without any
54:45:470Michele De Carli: that's okay, or they can also be adjusted, okay? So you can also, okay, adjust them. There might be also solutions which can have variable, okay.
54:57:140Michele De Carli: height, okay, according to the temperature of the airflow, okay? So, between winter and summer, for instance, okay, in order to have a better depth, or a smaller… sorry, a deeper or smaller depth in the jet stream in the room, okay? So, you can see them here, how they are.
55:20:670Michele De Carli: Okay?
55:21:460Michele De Carli: This is, by the way, okay, this…
55:24:60Michele De Carli: is the… the type of air distribution system that we have in room A1 and M2, okay? If you… if you…
55:31:750Michele De Carli: If you have never seen them, okay, then maybe
55:40:680Michele De Carli: Bah, it's up to you.
55:43:490Michele De Carli: Okay, and you can see also rectangular, okay, the rectangular, and they're made exactly in this one. So in this case, you're spreading out the air across the four directions, okay? This is also… then it's just a question on an architectural, okay, point of view, okay? So the architects.
56:00:960Michele De Carli: Usually, they just selected they wanted, okay, solution.
56:05:220Michele De Carli: For, their, let's say, for the beauty or whatever, the integration, whatever they like in the room.
56:13:610Michele De Carli: Okay, so you can see here how they are, okay, and yes, this is, some mounting, and yeah, we will see them, we will see that tomorrow, okay, when we talk about the size, but we are going to see how to select, okay, the… the air terminal docus. I think that is also… yes, and also here, you can see this is a sequence.
56:36:220Michele De Carli: Similar, or pretty similar, okay.
56:38:180Michele De Carli: H, I want to remind you, H is always the height, okay, that you have. You can see here, by increasing the… the… by increasing the…
56:51:30Michele De Carli: the priority in each element, okay, you will have also an increase of the planning, okay, on top of the system. So you can see that you can have even
57:02:210Michele De Carli: half meter, okay, of plenum, okay? Of course, you cannot use that in a small room, but for instance, in a large room, for instance, in an industrial space, okay, you can, or in a…
57:15:100Michele De Carli: when you have a high ceiling, okay, 6, 7 meters, okay, like another tall and so on, you could use this, okay, because in that case, the half meter is not a great role, or it's…
57:27:280Michele De Carli: You can see here, okay, you can see that the duct is circular, and you can see this, okay, this,
57:36:80Michele De Carli: is showing us that it is a flexible duct. So the last branch is usually a flexible circular duct, which is used to connect the final branch, sorry, the…
57:50:440Michele De Carli: the last branch, the last, let's say, the secondary branch, usually, okay, with the final branch, okay?
58:00:20Michele De Carli: Okay, yes. Now, yes, maybe this can… I want just to show you, okay? Of course, when you… when you use this here, you have to think about that at the end.
58:14:60Michele De Carli: You see how to define that, okay, but you have to check that… and that is why these are used, okay, you have to check that the airstream should not generate, okay, aircraft on the head of the people, or
58:30:220Michele De Carli: Even, okay, here, on the feet, because the…
58:34:930Michele De Carli: Stream can go downwards, okay, and can…
58:38:330Michele De Carli: create draft risk on the feet of other people, okay? So, like, these are the key main issues of the air terminal devices.
58:48:280Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is a type of a distribution system. You can have also different other types, like, for instance, the linear.
58:57:590Michele De Carli: and so-called slaughter diffusers, okay? So, the linear diffusers are linear diffusers, okay, where you might have some… some two, let's say, sections, linear sections, okay? So, in this case, you have…
59:12:140Michele De Carli: that there is entering through these, rectangles, okay? You can adjust the blade, the orientation of this, of the, of the
59:22:860Michele De Carli: Of the glacier, okay?
59:25:200Michele De Carli: Behind the, the, the, the, the section in order to, okay, to adjust the, the…
59:36:890Michele De Carli: the slope of the… of the airstream, okay? If you want a more radial airstream, or let's say more, let's say, horizontal airstream, or even more vertical, okay, for if you have, of course.
59:49:30Michele De Carli: a greater height, okay, you might want to have the jet entering more in the room, okay? If you have, like, this room here, maybe you prefer a horizontal distribution, because the height is… the distance between the head and the seam is not that high.
00:07:940Michele De Carli: Always lovely.
00:09:460Michele De Carli: Again, here you can see, on top of the seats that we have the plan on, and you have also, okay, again, the… the blade, okay, the… the balancing blade, blade, okay, which is, of course.
00:22:890Michele De Carli: distributing, the air as far as possible in, in homogeneity. This solution is also very interesting. You can see you have different cylinders, okay? You can, you can, you can,
00:39:450Michele De Carli: I think it's zero?
00:49:570Michele De Carli: Let's see.
00:51:970Michele De Carli: Yes, okay, so here you can see there are these, these, cylinders here, okay, so you can open… so here you can see, you can rotate, okay, so you can open the cylinders, they can go both in the same direction.
01:07:110Michele De Carli: Or you can also, okay, by rotating, you can have different directions, okay, in order to spread the air in different ways. You can have, also.
01:18:450Michele De Carli: In this case, you can, you can, close also, okay, you can also close.
01:25:830Michele De Carli: one of them, okay, or… and you can also, okay, you can also have different, since you have different orientation, you can have two of them, blowing in one way, and two of them blowing in the other way, okay? So you can, okay.
01:44:260Michele De Carli: you can have some, let's say, freedom to decide how to spread out here. Again, also here, what is important to remind is that
01:53:720Michele De Carli: you, you have, again, the planner. This solution can be also mounted on a wall, okay? So, compared to the solutions that we have seen that are in the scene, okay, imagine
02:04:830Michele De Carli: In this case, you can use them in a wall, okay? So, in this case, what you could… what you could have as positive effect, you could avoid the 4-cylinder, okay? Because if you're injecting the air from the wall, okay, in this case, you can have the free
02:22:620Michele De Carli: volume, okay? So you could, in principle, if you don't need, you could therefore see in the
02:28:490Michele De Carli: Okay? And of course, in this case, you will say.
02:32:870Michele De Carli: For, 30, 40 centimeters, okay, whatever you have.
02:36:850Michele De Carli: And… Okay.
02:41:820Michele De Carli: Yeah, okay, that's it. So you can see here how you can play with it, okay? So you can play with it by rotating the different elements, you can, okay, distribute the air in…
02:55:310Michele De Carli: In different ways, okay, and here you have, okay, the small crests, okay. Yeah, you can see that, you might have, you might have horizontal jet. You can see that the jet is, okay, is, is,
03:10:560Michele De Carli: is…
03:14:140Michele De Carli: go into the wall, and you can see that it goes down, okay? In this case, instead, you can have a more, okay, deep, a deeper projector in the room, okay? And, and that's it.
03:26:450Michele De Carli: Yes, here you can see, for instance, the, here you have a perfectly vertical jack, okay? Of course, the solution is used for high spaces, okay? And this is the case of a…
03:41:370Michele De Carli: Well, it mounted, jet. Okay, so you can see that it's spread it out.
03:46:370Michele De Carli: Into that room.
03:47:800Michele De Carli: Or you can have also this solution, okay? You can… you can use the jet, okay, on the…
03:55:500Michele De Carli: on the wall, sorry, on the roof, on the ceiling, and on the wall, okay? So you can have different distribution systems. Of course, what is important is that the producer, okay.
04:12:590Michele De Carli: provides you the data, okay, for the different, okay, solution in order to know
04:21:890Michele De Carli: At which distance you have a limited,
04:26:990Michele De Carli: limited speed on the Earth, because, you know, got to avoid, okay, the aircraft, okay? Because you cannot do CFD every time you have to sign to the design of this system, and usually you don't do that, okay?
04:41:570Michele De Carli: So that is why this… that is why these charts are important, okay, for you to…
04:48:300Michele De Carli: Okay, select the proper air terminal.
04:52:510Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is the solution, okay, and then we have other solutions, okay, the simplest solution is the grill.
05:01:80Michele De Carli: or the rent, okay? Usually, they are always used for the, exhaust air, for the return ducts, okay? So, the return ducts are usually, sorry, the return,
05:17:870Michele De Carli: Distribution system is always, so the… the rhetoric, distribution system is.
05:30:480Michele De Carli: is equipped in the room with a grill, okay, or a vent. But it might be also used, okay, for, let's say, inletting, for making air
05:42:570Michele De Carli: entering the Okay, so you can use them also as inlet air, tanning otherwise.
05:49:380Michele De Carli: And here you have some, let's say, particular elements, okay, which are usually used for large buildings, okay? These are the jet noses, okay? In this case, you are
06:03:680Michele De Carli: you're… you're throwing the air, okay, with… in depth, okay, with these, jacked noses, okay? They are quite big, okay?
06:13:420Michele De Carli: If you… have you ever seen them in the airport of Marco Polo in Venice? No?
06:18:730Michele De Carli: In the entrance, maybe, okay, you will see them if you… the next time, if… if we will take a flight anymore, okay, well, we will take flight again, okay, and if you go to the airport, Marco Polo Airport, okay, you will see, you look on… on the… on top of your head, okay, and you will see that the…
06:41:340Michele De Carli: the… the noses, okay? These are for large…
06:44:600Michele De Carli: buildings, you can use also them for low-height installations, okay? So in this room, you can have small noses, okay? They can allow the air entering, okay, through these noses.
06:56:540Michele De Carli: But, of course, with the… with the less penetration that you might get. And, okay, the same principle is,
07:05:570Michele De Carli: can be done, okay, I told you, in the circular duct, or they can be kept in the circular duct, okay, with these adjustable noses, okay, by… where you can, like, adjust the section, okay, in order to distribute that.
07:19:530Michele De Carli: For, industrial applications, mainly natural applications, but not only, okay? Also, for instance, in the trains, okay, in the… in trains, usually you have this kind of solutions, okay, textile ducts, okay, for distributing the air and getting the… in the…
07:36:530Michele De Carli: in the trains, okay, you have these dots, okay, which are hidden in the roof, okay? And in this case, they're called textile dots. They can have some holes, okay, some and then… or they can be textile, okay? They can spread out the air through the
07:56:500Michele De Carli: de… The role security as usual with textile.
08:03:60Michele De Carli: Okay?
08:08:850Michele De Carli: They're a cheap solution, and they can, okay, provide quite, okay, good distribution of the air in there, okay?
08:18:680Michele De Carli: Okay, and of course, okay, I want to remind that one important point, or one important device, is the planning, okay? Planning which is, of course, as I see, are used in the air diffuser, okay, to balance the air.
08:35:510Michele De Carli: with… together with the damper. Okay.
08:40:220Michele De Carli: And, okay, they can also be used, okay, in, for, let's say, for distributing, gear in the different branches, okay, so we can add them, and the main point of the planning is to
08:58:279Michele De Carli: transform.
09:00:450Michele De Carli: the dynamic, pressure, E2, okay, static pressure, okay, in order to, have a self-balancing,
09:10:220Michele De Carli: assessed by a senior.
09:12:80Michele De Carli: element, okay, than to distribute the different dots. So it can be in… it is used in the, air terminal devices, okay, for each terminal device, there is a plenum, but there can be planning also, okay, in, you know, the distribution system.
09:31:10Michele De Carli: And again, okay, what we have seen it, okay, but let's say, just to recap, also the silencer, okay, the silencer is important because the silencer
09:42:90Michele De Carli: It has to be used in both the supply and in the return distribution system, because we need to, let's say, reduce the noise of the funds, and we have two funds, one in the supply and one in the return
09:56:70Michele De Carli: distribution network, okay?
10:00:640Michele De Carli: Okay.
10:01:900Michele De Carli: I don't want to talk so much, okay, but let's say that this is also extremely important, okay, in, of course, in lands applications, not in residential buildings, but we have also a safety issue to consider, which is the fire tax.
10:19:00Michele De Carli: Okay, the fire damper is a system, okay, which is, in this case, this damper is not modulating at all, okay, but in this case, it will, it will close.
10:33:730Michele De Carli: Whenever there is, okay, there is a sensor, temperature sensor, when the temperature is increasing too high, okay, which is a certain temperature, then the blade will lock the… and in this case, the blade is, okay.
10:53:90Michele De Carli: really, stopping the air movement, okay? So, and in order to avoid any, any…
11:01:160Michele De Carli: fume, okay, infiltration between one room and another. So usually, these fire dampers are located, when you have to
11:13:570Michele De Carli: Make, when you have to…
11:15:950Michele De Carli: when you have to separate tombs from the fire point of view, okay?
11:23:350Michele De Carli: Yes, this is, here you can see, for instance, okay, a potential application. Usually, you… I mean, I don't want… I'm not an expert in fire, in fire protection, okay? But, I mean, the main… this is just some basic rules, okay? Usually.
11:41:280Michele De Carli: Each volume, there are some volumes in each building, okay, which are, let's say, should be separated from the fire portfolio, okay? For instance, in this case, you can see you have, three
11:57:20Michele De Carli: areas, okay, 3 large places, large spaces, okay, and each…
12:03:760Michele De Carli: each space is separated, okay, from the fire safety point of view, okay? Also, the structures, okay, will be… will separate, okay, one space to another, okay, in a way that if a fire
12:21:30Michele De Carli: Is, if there is a fire in one volume, okay, the other volumes, okay.
12:28:90Michele De Carli: should be protected for a certain period of time, okay, by the… by insulating the… the…
12:36:700Michele De Carli: the destructors, for instance, okay? So imagine that there is a fire here, okay?
12:41:830Michele De Carli: In this case, let's consider fire here. In this case, the strat… this tractor, this tractor will, okay, resist to the fire for one hour, one half hour, depending on the timing, okay, right? I mean, so that the people in the other two floors, okay, they can get out and be… and be safe.
13:01:830Michele De Carli: Of course, you have to worry that the fumes, okay, are going in the other rules. So, in that case, of course, you have that the supply air distribution system, okay, and the recurrent distribution system, okay.
13:18:180Michele De Carli: They are crunching, okay, the, the, the, the… the rooms.
13:24:580Michele De Carli: So this is, okay, a potential problem for the fumes, okay, for fire protection.
13:31:690Michele De Carli: So, the farm bumpers, they will lock, okay, they will close. Of course, the farm will stop, okay?
13:40:260Michele De Carli: And, in this case, they will be… they will resist, okay, for 1 hour, 1 hour, an hour, for 90 minutes, in order to allow people, okay, to get out in the, let's say, safety buffer zone, okay?
13:54:160Michele De Carli: to this reactor, okay, and they can go out, okay? And meanwhile, they get tired, okay?
14:03:470Michele De Carli: the…
14:06:890Michele De Carli: I mean, serving people, okay? So, in that case, you can see this is, also, I would like to, to show you, okay? This is the… how… this is a stretch of a potential air distribution network, okay? So, you can see this is the main unit, this is the external air intake, okay?
14:28:810Michele De Carli: This is the exhaust, okay? You can see they are close by… close one to another, but they have… they are not facing one each other in order to avoid shortcuts, okay? So, you can see here you have the air handling,
14:42:970Michele De Carli: unit, okay, so here you have the different elements, so the filter, okay, here you have the damper, okay, the equalizing damp, for instance, here. Okay, here you can have the, the recirculated,
15:01:630Michele De Carli: air, okay, with also the damper, here you have the exhaust damper, okay. And here you have all the stuff in order to handle the air, here you have the fan.
15:11:880Michele De Carli: You have the main branch here, this is the secondary branch, and here you have the air terminal devices, okay? And in this case, you can see you have the air terminal devices on the ceiling, okay? So they are… they are…
15:26:710Michele De Carli: the… I mean, it's a… it's a simplified sketch, but it's very nice, okay, from my point of view. And in this case, you have that the air is supplied on the top part of the room, and you can see that is then, okay.
15:43:680Michele De Carli: outtaken on the bottom side of the room. So usually, the best solution is to, if you use this kind of air distribution system, okay, to, to have the air tenure devices on the upper part of the room.
16:02:260Michele De Carli: Okay, and to extract deer in the bottom part of the room. Okay, so in this case, you will have a uniform distribution of deer, and you will have, okay.
16:14:710Michele De Carli: but the air supply and the air exhaust, return, okay, they are far away, so you have no shortcut at all, okay? For instance, another possibility is to
16:29:90Michele De Carli: Is to, instead, you can see, you can also supply the air on the bottom side of the, of the, of the room, okay?
16:39:980Michele De Carli: Of course, in this case, you have to take care about the speed, okay, of the air,
16:48:00Michele De Carli: Getting out, because here you have to avoid to have more than 0.2 meters per second, okay?
16:54:470Michele De Carli: as air inlet, because you have to avoid the dust, okay? And here you will, okay, in this case, the best is then to have the return air on the top of the room, okay? So in this case, you are, okay, making the movement in this room, okay, as you will see. So this is the so-called mixing ventilation.
17:19:120Michele De Carli: ventilation, okay, and this is the usually most used solution. This is, okay, the underfloor air distribution, UFAD, which is similar in principle to the displacement ventilation, as we see. Okay, so we will see that this,
17:36:970Michele De Carli: displacement ventilation, and the distribution are different in the concept, and also in the, in the distribution as the mixing. Mixing ventilation is the most used
17:50:250Michele De Carli: type of ventilation distribution of air inside of a room.
17:59:270Michele De Carli: And we are, okay? Here we are. So we are talking about the next implementation, okay? So, we are going to see the principles and also the
18:10:130Michele De Carli: the… you see, yeah, the principle of this, different ventilation. So, let's start with the mixing ventilation. A mixing information, is what we have seen so far, okay? So, all the different
18:26:280Michele De Carli: types of air distribution systems, or air terminal analysis, okay? So, the main purpose of the mixing ventilation is to create a homogeneous environment, okay, so you are
18:43:470Michele De Carli: You are supplying the air in the room, the air is mixing with the, the…
18:50:780Michele De Carli: air in the room, okay, and as we have seen, okay, the air is supplied on the top of the top part of the room, okay? Could be the ceiling, but could be also the wall, okay? Here is the ceiling, but
19:07:590Michele De Carli: It's similar if you are… if you are considering it, well, okay.
19:11:900Michele De Carli: And, of course, the best would be to… to have, the… To have the…
19:20:600Michele De Carli: return grills, okay, on the bottom of the room. So in this case, you're sure that your, your, your supply new air, the air enters and mixes up with the, the, the, the, the…
19:36:120Michele De Carli: The volume of the air which is in the room, and then you have a given distribution, and then you're supplying out the air.
19:46:990Michele De Carli: Of course, when you work, when, when, I mean, the, the key point is to…
19:55:480Michele De Carli: inject the, the air, okay, with a certain velocity, okay, and to get a suitable turbulence in order, okay, to…
20:08:470Michele De Carli: to drag a room layer, okay, into the jet, and in this case, to…
20:18:710Michele De Carli: No, I ended up making it.
20:20:750Michele De Carli: The distribution of the air more uniform in government.
20:25:340Michele De Carli: Now, what is important is, of course, the inlet velocity. Okay, so the inlet velocity is one of the parameters, okay?
20:36:20Michele De Carli: of the air terminal device, and, it is the maximum velocity in the entering section, okay? So,
20:47:810Michele De Carli: Of course, this is provided by a manufacturer, okay? So the manufacturer will tell you which is the inlet velocity. The inlet velocity is one of the parameters, okay, that the… that the, that the…
21:02:500Michele De Carli: The manufacturer has to declare, okay, in the technical sheets, in the technical documents, of the air terminal devices.
21:15:990Michele De Carli: What is also important to know is the so-called air throw, okay, lunch of intango, okay? So the air troll is the distance, okay,
21:29:740Michele De Carli: Between the inlet section and the
21:34:330Michele De Carli: section where the residual velocity, okay, will not lead to air draft. Okay, so we know that the air draft is, so we have no draft risks when we had
21:50:140Michele De Carli: A residual, or a velocity of the air below zero point.
21:56:940Michele De Carli: 15, okay, so 15 meters per second, okay, so 15 centimeters per second, okay. When we have seen at the local
22:06:940Michele De Carli: discomfort, okay, parameter, okay, then when we talk about ventilation system, okay, distribution of the air in the room, of course, what we are
22:18:20Michele De Carli: what we have to take care is the draft risk, okay? So, when we talk about mitigation system, we have to admit the draft risk, okay? Draft risk is for sure, not a problem when we are
22:31:730Michele De Carli: when we had a velocity in the occupied space below 0.15 meters per second. Sometimes.
22:40:60Michele De Carli: You are not able to fulfill this 0.15, so…
22:44:820Michele De Carli: crossing fingers and hoping that everything goes well. You can, okay, sometimes, okay.
22:52:100Michele De Carli: allowed to have 0.25 meter per second, okay, as residual velocity, okay? Because, as we see, the air terminal device sizing is a recursive analysis, okay, and sometimes, okay, due to the
23:09:450Michele De Carli: height, volume, volume, flow rates, and so on, you are not able to reach this goal, so you might, okay, have as compromise, okay, 0.25 meters per second, okay? So, it might, it might happen, okay?
23:28:340Michele De Carli: So how is the, the jet… what is the, let's say, the behavior of, the air…
23:37:300Michele De Carli: jet in the room. Okay, so, when the air enters, okay, imagine that you have a grid, so imagine, like, a very simple jet, okay? Very, very simple string.
23:48:450Michele De Carli: So imagine that you have a linear
23:51:620Michele De Carli: diffuser, okay. And in this case, okay, we are looking at the cross-section, okay?
23:59:480Michele De Carli: So, when the air enters, okay, we have a small,
24:05:450Michele De Carli: reduction of the section of the jet, okay? This is usually done in… I think you did it in the… in the basic courses, okay, of fluid dynamics, okay?
24:16:440Michele De Carli: And by reducing the dissection, okay, you have locally the maximum velocity, okay? Then, what happens is that the air enters more in the room, okay?
24:30:990Michele De Carli: And at the same time, some air in the room, okay, enters into the jet stream, okay?
24:39:370Michele De Carli: So, the jet, is increasing the section and decreasing the speed, okay, from the edge. Usually, the speed in the, in the first, or in the, in the…
24:54:740Michele De Carli: The entering zone of the jet has this shape, okay, so looking at the cross section, the speed of the air, okay, has a maximum, of course, in the center of the jet, okay?
25:14:680Michele De Carli: And the velocity, okay, is decreasing, okay, at the edge of the, of the, of the ejector, of the ejector.
25:25:540Michele De Carli: resection.
25:27:40Michele De Carli: By… in this case, we are considering… sorry, we are considering air entering at the same room temperature, so we are considering the isothermal jack, okay? So, in this case, we are considering that the air is entering at the same direction of the room temperature.
25:44:180Michele De Carli: So, the supply air temperature is equal to the…
25:49:100Michele De Carli: So, isopernal conditions, okay? So, when we move
25:57:270Michele De Carli: deeper in the room. So, the exact is horizontal, because we have isothermal jet, okay?
26:04:470Michele De Carli: So the… the deeper the jet moves into the room, the greater will be the air dragged by the… by the… by the jet.
26:16:730Michele De Carli: So, the jet will increase the volume, okay, and will decrease the average velocity on one hand. On the other hand, also, the shape of velocity, of the velocity.
26:31:210Michele De Carli: Across the jet stream, okay, will be, okay, less pronounced, okay, so you will have more uniform, velocities, okay, across the section of the jet. Reaching, okay, this, kind of, velocity, okay,
26:50:440Michele De Carli: in the… in the, let's say, faraway, okay, section of the chapter, and we consider
26:58:660Michele De Carli: The distance between, so the so-called throw, okay, air throw, the distance that we have from the inlet section
27:08:340Michele De Carli: to the section where the velocity, or the zero energy, is below 0.2 meters per second, okay, 0.13, 0.35.
27:19:270Michele De Carli: In this condition, We are sure that we have no air draft. Okay, so if we have
27:27:90Michele De Carli: The head or the feet of a person, we are sure that in this case, the residual velocity will not lead to any local disulfide due to the aircraft.
27:38:180Michele De Carli: So, the distance between the inlet section and the receiver
27:45:630Michele De Carli: The loss plus 0.2 meters per second is the so-called L through L. And this is, okay, also a parameter which is relevant for the sizing, and has to be declared by the manufacturer. Okay, so the manufacturer will have to
28:00:640Michele De Carli: say, for each air terminal device that he produces, the air inlet velocity and the air, okay? And of course, they are related somehow.
28:12:830Michele De Carli: The higher the inner velocity, the higher the throw, okay?
28:18:410Michele De Carli: And the higher, usually, the velocity, also the higher the noise of the air terminal device, okay? So what we have to think about is that if we… if we…
28:32:750Michele De Carli: Okay, we'll talk about this tomorrow. Okay, but what we have to think about is that when we subdivide.
28:39:610Michele De Carli: The air distribution in a room.
28:42:330Michele De Carli: into… 4, 6, 8, 12 air terminal analysis, okay? Of course, the greater the amount of terminal analysis.
28:53:250Michele De Carli: the greater the costs, okay? But, on the other side, the greater or the lower the… the terminal devices.
29:05:470Michele De Carli: the higher one will be the flow rate for each terminal device, sorry. The greater the volume flow rate of each terminal device, the greater the inner velocity, the greater the throw, okay? So, the greater will be the
29:22:790Michele De Carli: Risk of theft.
29:24:850Michele De Carli: Okay? And also, the noise, okay, is also related to the… so, the…
29:32:890Michele De Carli: sizing of an earth. I mean, otherwise, should consider these three aspects, okay? So, the amount, so how many, how much we can distribute here, okay? On one end to…
29:46:140Michele De Carli: Try to make as less as possible the analysis, but on the other side.
29:51:750Michele De Carli: By lowering the amount of air terminal devices, we will increase the throw rate for each terminal device, we will increase the inlet velocity, we will increase the throw, okay, and we have to check if the throw will enter into the
30:10:460Michele De Carli: occupied zone, okay? And if it enters into the occupied zone, then we have to increase the amount of air terminal devices.
30:18:570Michele De Carli: Okay? Because by increasing the amount of airtime in your devices.
30:23:50Michele De Carli: We will spread the polypherate into different
30:28:820Michele De Carli: locations, okay, by… by splitting in more locations the inlet, okay, we will decrease the Okay?
30:43:540Michele De Carli: It was in Africa today, right?
30:45:610Michele De Carli: Okay.
30:46:970Michele De Carli: Alright, so, see you tomorrow.