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00:00:550Michele De Carli: Okay, so…
00:11:870Michele De Carli: Right. The legal suit.
00:22:940Michele De Carli: Okay.
00:24:490Michele De Carli: Alright, so… Let's start. Yes.
00:29:110Michele De Carli: We,
00:32:159Michele De Carli: Yes, just a communication, okay, just some information. Tomorrow, we'll have the lecture on how to make the calculations for domestic couple, okay? So, we are going to see today there are 100 units, then next week, we are going to
00:51:820Michele De Carli: Almost completed the air distribution systems, and then…
00:57:700Michele De Carli: We are going to have, on Thursday, The middle's here.
01:05:630Michele De Carli: I don't remember. Thursday, it should be maybe 2… 15, 16?
01:13:560Michele De Carli: Good genius.
01:15:650Michele De Carli: 15, okay, then, we will have the, the lecture on… we will explain you how to…
01:23:330Michele De Carli: do the, group work, okay? So, I don't know exactly when, but we are going also to publish, okay, the list where you could fill in for managing and to sign in for the groups, okay? Anyway, we will let you know. So…
01:43:460Michele De Carli: Sorry, I have to wait.
01:48:760Michele De Carli: Excuse me.
01:49:790Michele De Carli: Okay. Now, let's go on, okay? So, we have seen, yesterday we started looking at the, earlier system, okay? But let's say that practically.
02:04:940Michele De Carli: What we have seen in the… in the, all-air, full air systems, okay, is also valid for the, for what concerns the, air, for the…
02:22:570Michele De Carli: And for the… let's say…
02:25:810Michele De Carli: air systems, okay, when we have a mixed solution with air and water, okay? So, so yesterday we have seen, let's say, the typologies and how we can, let's say, how the systems when we have all air or
02:45:190Michele De Carli: let's say primary here are made, and now we are going to see the different components. So, sorry.
02:51:850Michele De Carli: Okay, so today, we are going to… to talk about the air handling unit, which is, let's say, a key, the key, the key, technology, okay, for, for handling the air, of course. So, to go from the outdoor condition to the wanted supply conditions, okay? And then, in the next,
03:15:510Michele De Carli: In the next section, we are going to see, then, all the different components that we have in the distribution system, okay, up to…
03:24:500Michele De Carli: the air terminal devices, so they are diffusers that, that have to be, let's say, considered in the rooms, okay? Then, when we have seen all the components of the air distribution system, then we are going to see how to size the whole system, okay? First, we are going to see how to size the air terminal devices, so they are diffusers, okay? So the outlets.
03:47:570Michele De Carli: And then we are going to see the complete,
03:51:930Michele De Carli: design, sizing and design of the air.
03:56:160Michele De Carli: distribution system, and then you're going to do, then, the work in groups. All right, so let's start with the air handling units. Air handling units.
04:07:980Michele De Carli: I don't that?
04:10:640Michele De Carli: Okay. Yeah, and the units, okay, are these, boxes, okay? You have seen them in the most are convenient, okay? And, basically they are, boxes where they are, where all the components which are, which are, used and, and, deal with the, the.
04:33:70Michele De Carli: The… the transformations that we have.
04:37:550Michele De Carli: In order to go and repeat it from outer condition to, let's say, the wanted supply conditions in the room.
04:46:760Michele De Carli: Okay? We have seen for the most simple, ventilation system that the R&D unit could consist in just
04:56:800Michele De Carli: Two fans, okay, and so the heat recovery unit, okay, so the recuperator.
05:03:710Michele De Carli: Now, we are going to see something more complex, because in this case, we want to consider, or we are going to consider, okay, larger systems, okay, where we want to handle the air. So, in case not only the heat recovery, but also the heat signal.
05:22:520Michele De Carli: Of the air, and, also… Very important to date.
05:28:200Michele De Carli: the cooling and humidification of the water, okay?
05:34:170Michele De Carli: Then, we are going to see special, let's say, systems for the dehumidification of the air, suitable for residential buildings. But we will do that. We do them, okay?
05:47:790Michele De Carli: After, okay, almost at the end of the course, because first we need to talk about the, let's say, emission system, the terminal units, and in particular, the radiant system, because
05:57:980Michele De Carli: what we are going to see at the end of the course are particular systems for the unifying the irresidian things related or coupled with radiant system flow. So, now, let's move to their handling. So, the heavy unique are these boxes, okay, which are…
06:15:250Michele De Carli: insulated, in order to, let's say, to have almost adiabatic conditions with respect to the… to the, let's say, surrounding, okay? And they can be either located in… inside the building, or they could also put outside, okay? Of course, then the… the… the…
06:37:40Michele De Carli: the envelope of this system, okay, should be, I mean, resistant to atmospheric events, okay, if they are put outside, okay, so…
06:47:70Michele De Carli: there will be special treatment, okay, on the shell of the, of this system. And as you can see here, okay, you can see that there are some special stuff, okay, in order to, let's say, make these panels removable, okay, so that you can open and make maintenance inside of the air and room, because
07:09:480Michele De Carli: As we will see, in part of this, we need to clean some of them, the AME unit, okay, on one hand, because it might be needed, okay, and on the other side, in order to avoid the Lonella problem, okay, so that is something that… and also to, as we see, also to clean or change the filters, because
07:32:80Michele De Carli: the air has to be filtered, and of course, by blocking the pollution, okay, of whatever, then you need to either clean or substitute it. Okay, now.
07:49:670Michele De Carli: Let's have a look. So, what is, then, this air handling? As I told you, this is a box, and it is, done, okay, with the scope of one cell to, to…
08:06:110Michele De Carli: To supply the air into the building, and to handle the air, and on the other hand, okay, it is…
08:12:780Michele De Carli: also, okay, usually, coupled, okay, with the return or exhaust duct system. Okay, so here you can see, as I told you, it can be put, on the basement, okay, or it could be put on the roof, okay?
08:31:810Michele De Carli: You could have also, okay, different, air handling units, okay, in different, in different, positions, okay, because…
08:43:600Michele De Carli: of… in case, as we have seen yesterday, in case we have a single duct, okay, we could have two different air handling units, okay, one for one side, so one case for the east-oriented zone, and one for the west-oriented zone. Or, for instance, if you… if we have a tall building, okay, we cannot provide the air, let's say, up to
09:07:210Michele De Carli: 2, 3, okay, pro scales, okay, then we need to have, in our energy unit each
09:13:170Michele De Carli: two, three, four stories maximum, okay? We need to put this airhead limit. Oh, for instance, imagine in a airport, in an airport, okay, you need to split the air distribution system into different horizontally, okay, because
09:29:30Michele De Carli: You need large… you have large spaces, you need large
09:33:970Michele De Carli: airflow rates, okay? So, you need to split, okay, the air distribution system into different zones, okay? Typically, you can see them, they are also, okay, coupled with the toilets, okay? When you have the toilets, usually you have
09:50:70Michele De Carli: you have between the toilettes, or beside the toilettes, you have the air hanging unit, okay? And this is the usual way to, let's say, distribute the air in the airport, okay? So…
10:04:130Michele De Carli: It can be also, okay, it can be also located outside, okay, not really on the roof, but it could be also, let's say, in a different place, okay, but let's say that these are the typical solutions.
10:16:700Michele De Carli: Of course, what should be the best is to have the unit in a central position. So, in order to have, let's say.
10:28:830Michele De Carli: asymmetric, okay, distribution of the dots, okay, but it's not… sometimes… if it is possible, you can do that. Or you can, okay, install it on one part of the meeting, okay, so it depends.
10:42:980Michele De Carli: So, the… you can see, there, that you have the, the, the supplier, those… well, could be any one of them, okay? You, so you provide the fresh air, okay, and you, and you then have the return system for the, for the,
11:02:580Michele De Carli: Return, exhaust, and increase recirculation, okay, as we have seen.
11:07:770Michele De Carli: Now, let's have a look at the different components that we have in unit, okay? So, first of all, on the external side, okay, so on the external, section of the ventilation system, okay, so it's not really located in the hanging unit, but let's… let's have a look at what we need to consider.
11:31:890Michele De Carli: In the, external air intake and in the exhaust, okay? Usually, you are, it is required to have grids, okay? These grills are useful in order to, to, let's say, to, avoid that, large, okay.
11:51:870Michele De Carli: large, objects, okay, like, for instance, leaves, okay, or, or, also plastic, papers, okay, papers, plastic, and so on, they could go into the, the, the duct, okay? And also, birds, okay, animals, and so on, okay? So.
12:14:850Michele De Carli: Sometimes, well, depending on the… on the size, okay, of the… of the ventilation system, you, you're… you're using grill in order to, let's say, avoid to have, to…
12:28:00Michele De Carli: in order to avoid the inlet of, let's say, objects which would, which could, of course, be not beneficial for the air, for the airflow, for the airflow, okay? So…
12:46:200Michele De Carli: We have, grids on both sides, okay? And, of course, for the exhaust, they are mainly used for, for avoiding animals to entering in, okay?
12:59:830Michele De Carli: And, and then… and then we go with the two dots. We are reaching the air handling unit, okay? Now.
13:09:730Michele De Carli: These are, the before the air handling unit sections, or, let's say, on, on both of the air handling unit, okay, we have the dampers, okay? We have the dampers, okay? Dampers are these…
13:26:30Michele De Carli: let's say blades, okay, usually these are blade, dampers, okay? So these blades can be open or closed to adjust the flow rate, okay, and the pressure drop, in order, okay, so they, they, they are set.
13:43:250Michele De Carli: as I mentioned, yesterday, okay, they can be mechanically,
13:51:310Michele De Carli: adjusted, okay? So, in that case, there should be just,
13:56:220Michele De Carli: rotated, okay, once, okay, at the… at the startup of the… and the, and the check, of the, of the plant, okay? Or they could have an electric engine, okay, so they could have a servo model, which is, of course, controlled, and in that case, they might be used, okay, especially when we have to
14:20:880Michele De Carli: recirculate, okay, the air flow rate, okay, but in any case, usually dampers are recommended in order to adjust, okay, the air flow rate, okay, according to the design, to the design conditions, okay, just in case.
14:39:840Michele De Carli: Boom. The grays are not sufficient to clean and to filter the air, so we need filters, okay? So filters are, let's say, are put, are installed, okay?
14:54:800Michele De Carli: And, filter is a really huge word out there. I will not go in detail on filters at all, but…
15:02:410Michele De Carli: Just to let you know, there are different filters, okay? Let's say that there are three parts of filter, three families of filters, okay?
15:13:10Michele De Carli: Let's say, depend… depending on the, dimension of the particles, okay, of, that, that you need to, to lock, okay, to…
15:26:160Michele De Carli: to filters. Okay, so we have large filters for, let's say, dust for, I mean, for large particles. Then we have, have, intermediate filters, okay, or medium filters.
15:41:90Michele De Carli: That, could be used, for instance, to, to, for, I mean, small particles. And then you have the absolute filters, which are used for, okay, locking in very small particles, okay, like, also viruses and so on, okay?
16:00:250Michele De Carli: So, usually, the filters are located, you can see here, there are two filters. First, of course, you install the
16:09:510Michele De Carli: the filter, which is filtering larger particles, and then you put the additional filter, which is then, instead, suitable for smaller particles, okay? So that you can filter, first of all, the larger particles, and then the smaller ones. Usually, it is… I mean, you could use two filters, or you could
16:33:930Michele De Carli: use one filter, okay, depending on the, on the, on the… It's one day.
16:42:930Michele De Carli: On the case, yes, and also on the pollution of the outdoor air, okay, which is also important.
16:49:950Michele De Carli: The bare filter, the absolute filter should be, instead used for clean rooms, okay? So, for white or green, so cold, okay? So, like, for instance,
17:04:589Michele De Carli: I don't know, pharmaceutical, okay, applications, okay, so, pharmaceutical, industries, food industries, okay, or, or, well, food industries, not all, but, I mean, especially, operational theaters, okay, or electronic,
17:23:329Michele De Carli: Like, if you're, if you're, if you're producing chips, okay, and, a PV size and so on, you need the absolute filters, you need a very clean, okay, indoor environment, okay?
17:38:170Michele De Carli: So…
17:42:970Michele De Carli: We have then… so the filters are, let's say, responsible to stop all the dust particles and so on, which would
17:52:180Michele De Carli: which could affect, or which could, affect, yes, the heat exchanger, okay, that we have in the, in the, in the system.
18:08:650Michele De Carli: We have then the cooling and heating coil, as we have seen, okay, that which are suitable
18:15:390Michele De Carli: For heating and cooling, okay. Usually, the cooling coil and the heating coil are… are… they have water inside, okay, so we have chilled water or warm water, but as you have seen in the
18:29:900Michele De Carli: Most are convenient, okay? There might be also, okay, direct expansion, costs, okay, which are where you have the refrigerant fluid, either condensing or evaporating, okay?
18:43:470Michele De Carli: So, it depends, okay? But, let's say that, it is usually, usually they are based on water-based, coil.
18:56:800Michele De Carli: solutions.
19:02:360Michele De Carli: We have… we might have also the humidifiers, okay, so I want to remind that you're not obliged to install a humidifier, okay, but in case you want to install a humidifier, you can do that, okay?
19:17:410Michele De Carli: Sometimes it's needed, okay, but, as I told you, the humidifier could be, could, could require it.
19:27:90Michele De Carli: could require, okay? The humidifier requires a greater maintenance, okay, so you need to, to, to check, often, okay, the, the operation of the humidifier, and make, tests, and, because
19:43:780Michele De Carli: The, since you have, you have, water, okay, and, atomized, especially with the atomized water, okay, in that case, you should try to check that there are no Legionella
20:01:260Michele De Carli: Okay, problems. So you produce the aromatic or evaporative solution, as I told you yesterday, okay? In this case, the, as you well know.
20:12:280Michele De Carli: The… the… the mechanism is that the, let's say, you're working, okay, so the…
20:21:420Michele De Carli: the transformation is in the… on the isentalpic line, okay? And in that case, you are… you're humidifying and cooling the air, okay? Or you could use a isotopic humidifier, okay, which is, instead, you have some electric resistances, which are, let's say, producing steam.
20:46:400Michele De Carli: And in that case, the transformation is almost, okay, isothermal, okay, because the amount of heat that is released into the air, okay, due to the mass, or the limited mass on the vector, okay, is just very limiting, okay, heating up the
21:05:180Michele De Carli: Of course, remember, I want to mention two issues here, okay?
21:10:710Michele De Carli: In this case, or let's say, you might have applications where the vapor is produced, okay? So, like, for instance, hospitals.
21:20:450Michele De Carli: In hospitals, vapor can be used, okay, for different purposes, and in that case, you can get the line of vapor, which is entering, okay, directly in the air handling unit, so you are producing vapor somewhere else, okay? And by pipes, you are… you are then using vapor, okay, to humidify the air.
21:43:120Michele De Carli: And this is one option, okay? It's not here, but I mean, that is the other option. The, I want to…
21:50:130Michele De Carli: Then instead talk about a little bit the adiabatic humidifier, because they… of course, they are used to humidified air, but they could also be used, okay.
22:02:750Michele De Carli: for cooling purposes, okay? So, especially, for instance, when you have a very large airflow rates, like, for instance.
22:10:970Michele De Carli: in the underground stations, okay, where you need not really to cool down the underground station, but just to limit the time fraction, okay, you could use the, the, the battery in order to cool down the, the, the
22:32:160Michele De Carli: the environment, okay? Passively, okay, but…
22:37:750Michele De Carli: So, in order to avoid, okay, too high electricity spent for the chairs, and in this case, okay.
22:46:400Michele De Carli: So, the, the adiabatic humidifier can be also used, or could be also used, as, let's say, passive cooling, okay, instead of working with the chiller, okay, in some particular conditions, or in some particular applications.
23:02:300Michele De Carli: Gates!
23:05:70Michele De Carli: Alright, so, mmm…
23:12:840Michele De Carli: Bah.
23:15:190Michele De Carli: Then we have the funds, okay? So, we… we remember that you always have to, you need to consider two funds, as I told you yesterday. Basically, we have two open sequences, okay? So we have the supply.
23:28:580Michele De Carli: Distribution system and the return exhaust.
23:32:760Michele De Carli: ventilation system, okay? Which, of course, they need the, the fans, and the fans should be… they are responsible of the pressure below, pressure head, okay?
23:48:320Michele De Carli: that they need to provide in order to face all the losses that we have in the ventilation system, in the distribution system. So we are… because we have to remember that
24:00:960Michele De Carli: Each element that you are installing, it's a localized
24:04:640Michele De Carli: Pressure loss, okay, as you will see.
24:07:70Michele De Carli: And, of course, we have distribution losses, because we need to… we have the dots, okay, which are distributing the air, and of course, we do have to take into account the distribution losses that we have through the path of the air distribution system, and that is what you're going to do
24:26:840Michele De Carli: When we would say size in designing the air distribution system, it means that you have to calculate the pressure losses to all the dots, okay, distribution system. And in that case, okay, you will then calculate estimate.
24:45:130Michele De Carli: The losses that you have in each branch, each branch. And, of course, that, then you will, have to provide the, the pressure
24:56:590Michele De Carli: head, okay, that you need to provide… that has to be delivered by the… by the fund, okay? And,
25:09:330Michele De Carli: so that you are sure that the flow rate that you will have
25:17:700Michele De Carli: is the one that you have designed, okay? So, of course, the… as I was… as your colleague was asking yesterday, okay.
25:27:660Michele De Carli: You have to do the calculation, okay, of all the losses, okay, apart the air handling unit, and then the air handling unit, of course, depending on how it is,
25:40:110Michele De Carli: On the components that you, that you use. So, the coils and filters and so on, okay, will have an overall pressure drop, okay, which has to be added to the pressure drops that you're calculating in the, in the, in the distribution system.
25:59:630Michele De Carli: And, of course, it has to be done, the calculation, for the supply distribution system, and for the returns, the exhaust mitigation system, okay? So, the funds are, let's say.
26:15:500Michele De Carli: size for these two, systems, okay? Okay, so,
26:23:370Michele De Carli: reactive, okay, so it's not really… it could be in the avenue, but usually it is outside, okay? So… but anyway, I want to mention this, okay?
26:36:250Michele De Carli: Due to the fact that the funds are, let's say.
26:40:340Michele De Carli: generating noise, okay? You need to, let's say, reduce the noise, okay? In both ways, okay, in the supply
26:56:40Michele De Carli: distribution system, and also in the exhaust distribution system, okay? The noise is, the noise is, not,
27:07:80Michele De Carli: He's not the…
27:10:980Michele De Carli: has not only the direction of the supply, okay, but of course, the noise can be also, okay, can… can be heard also in the… in the return circuit, okay? So you need to put two silencers on both sides, okay? So it's not that if you are sucking the air, the noise is going
27:30:890Michele De Carli: okay, is absorbed by the… by the… by the fan, but it's generated by the fund, and is distributed then along the path of the… of the… so you need the silencers. Now, silencer, there are two types of silencers, okay? One is the so-called circular silencer, which is, of course.
27:50:510Michele De Carli: in principle, would be better, because, you can see you are just, okay, usually sellers are maids are made of.
28:00:490Michele De Carli: Of, absorption, acoustical absorption materials, okay? Usually, they are made in… they are fiber materials, okay, but they can also be
28:11:460Michele De Carli: open cells materials, okay? how many of you did the acoustics, etc. Okay. So, just one comment, okay? Remember that, the permanent observation
28:28:740Michele De Carli: material.
28:33:900Michele De Carli: He's not the… Okay, it's not the,
28:39:150Michele De Carli: So, if you have a material which is insulating from the camera point of view, from the heat transfer, it is not necessarily also an acoustic insulation, okay, material.
28:50:530Michele De Carli: Because it depends on the principles they work on, okay? So, when you have a fiber material.
28:57:970Michele De Carli: Then, fiber material is both, okay? So, fibers, Our most acoustic.
29:06:450Michele De Carli: and thermal insulation materials, okay? So, if you… if you're using fibers, okay, then you're… you could also absorb the noise, okay?
29:17:850Michele De Carli: And that is my goal, that is the usual one you can do, and as a matter of fact, it is used, and you can see that
29:23:910Michele De Carli: the acoustic media is, in this case, okay, a fiber material. If instead you're working with the cells, okay, so if you're working with, with the cells, you have two, two types of cells, okay, that you can use.
29:42:150Michele De Carli: So, you can have, let's say, open size, okay? Like, forms, for instance, okay?
29:52:330Michele De Carli: Okay, or… and you can have, like, closed cells.
30:02:160Michele De Carli: Okay, like, for instance, the police stealing, polluting, and so on, okay? So in this case.
30:10:760Michele De Carli: If there are closed cells, They are just thermal insulation material.
30:19:00Michele De Carli: Why? Because it's rigid, it's transparent to the nose, okay? So, if you… if you use closed-celled materials, you can insulate from the thermal point of view, but from the joint point of view.
30:32:370Michele De Carli: it is almost transparent, okay? Instead, if you're using forms or, let's say, open size, then in this case, it's both acoustic and terminal insulation.
30:44:310Michele De Carli: material, okay? So, you could use either fibers or forms, phones, sorry, in order to absorb the noise which is generated, okay, by the… by the fan.
30:57:550Michele De Carli: Yes, so…
31:00:30Michele De Carli: You can see there is, like, inside this duct, okay, this circular duct, there are holes, okay, so it's a perforated duct, okay? And then you have the absorption, the absorption material, okay, on the outer shell, okay? So here, between here and here, you have the fiber material, for instance, okay?
31:23:630Michele De Carli: And the air, which is, which is,
31:27:560Michele De Carli: And the nose, okay, then will be absorbed by these fiber materials, okay? This is,
31:35:970Michele De Carli: A very nice solution, because in that case, you maintain the, the, the…
31:43:320Michele De Carli: the inner diameter of the duct, okay? So in that case, you have low pressure losses, okay? It's almost a distributed losses, okay? From a pressure point of view. On the other side, you could… you could instead use this
31:59:610Michele De Carli: This, let's say.
32:03:450Michele De Carli: rectangular, okay, these boxes, okay, which are also perforated, okay, on one, on two sides, okay? And, and, there, there is them, they absorption material, so usually the fibers, okay, materials.
32:19:400Michele De Carli: And in this case, okay, of course, you are, you are, say,
32:27:650Michele De Carli: you have a localized pressure loss, okay? In this phase, you have to take care about the distance that you have from one
32:38:280Michele De Carli: police is usually sold from one, let's say, a silencer element and the other, because if they're too close, then, of course, what is happening is that you are generating turbulences, or you are generating noise, okay? And that could be
32:55:290Michele De Carli: Could be,
32:58:870Michele De Carli: could, instead of absorbing noise, could generate noise, okay? So, you are losing the beneficial, absorption of the system, okay? Okay, so…
33:15:230Michele De Carli: I… as I mentioned, okay, for the… for the…
33:19:580Michele De Carli: usual residential applications, okay, inside the plenum, okay?
33:25:770Michele De Carli: you can use pumps, and in that case, the planning could act also as a sizer, okay? So, for, let's say, the residential mechanical application, okay, the… the… the…
33:41:830Michele De Carli: the planning, okay, which are used then to distribute the air, okay, the different plastic dots, usually. They are…
33:49:20Michele De Carli: They are, they are, acting as a silencer, because the inner surface of the plane is, copied by phone, okay? And that could help in also silencing… Also, also this, let's say, the… the…
34:10:400Michele De Carli: the main duct from the mechanical ventilation system and the platinum, okay, they are pre-insulated dots which are also, okay, absorbing, so they're working basically as this type of system, okay, because they are not rigid, okay, so they… and they have
34:26:820Michele De Carli: A fiber insulation, which is absorbing the noise, okay?
34:32:460Michele De Carli: Okay, but in, I mean, for all, for, all the applications, you need to destroy the silencer. The silencer are mandatories because, so…
34:44:600Michele De Carli: So, thyroid cells are mandatory because they, you have to absorb the nose, which is generated by the… and of course, the larva was found and answer the nose, okay?
34:57:420Michele De Carli: Okay, so, this is the, then, the configuration, okay, of, the, of, this, the general configuration, okay? As, we have seen, okay, depending in general, you could,
35:14:890Michele De Carli: Neither they,
35:17:710Michele De Carli: So this is the fresh air entering, okay? Then you're mixing the air with the return air, okay? And, you're mixing the air, and you are going along the different, okay,
35:33:970Michele De Carli: the transformations that you have in the air and unit, okay? So it is reasonable and practical, okay, two, let's say.
35:45:170Michele De Carli: To, to, let's say, to,
35:49:880Michele De Carli: have these solutions here, okay? So, D.
35:57:580Michele De Carli: to… Comparing all the, all this, let's say, region in a limited volume, okay?
36:08:360Michele De Carli: And that is suitable for, let's say.
36:11:470Michele De Carli: Having a compact system, okay, as far as possible. And also.
36:16:740Michele De Carli: locate everything there, okay, and do the maintenance just on site, okay? Of course, as you can understand, that means that the supply, return back, return back, they should be, okay, they should
36:32:600Michele De Carli: stuck, and then in the same location, okay? Which sometimes could be, okay, a little bit difficult, as we are going to see in one of the last slides of this presentation, okay?
36:45:60Michele De Carli: But I mean, in most of the, of the case studies, they, supply the, the external, the, the, the, let's say, the external air intake data and the, and the exhaust data are close by, because in that case, you can, also, okay, have the
37:04:450Michele De Carli: You can also install the heater
37:07:170Michele De Carli: recovery units or operators in order to, to save energy, okay, in winter and ocean sun, okay? Of course, then, these two sections, they should be, okay, quite far away, one to the other, in order to avoid any shortcut of
37:26:360Michele De Carli: the exhaust air, okay, which could enter in, okay, and then affecting the air quality, because you need… you want to have fresh outer air without any, let's say, contamination of your exhaust air that you are, okay, exhausting outside. So, these two systems, they have to be, okay.
37:45:410Michele De Carli: far away, or not, okay, not directly with contact, okay? As I mentioned, for mechanical ventilation system, for the usual residential mechanical ventilation system, so for small applications.
37:59:590Michele De Carli: 80 centimeters, 1 meter, okay, and then also…
38:04:20Michele De Carli: Putting the grids, okay, in opposite directions could avoid the shortcut. But for large applications, they could be either located separated, or usually they are, okay, they're not facing one each other, but they are, okay, facing,
38:20:970Michele De Carli: On one side and the other side.
38:23:350Michele De Carli: Okay, now, this is the RMV unit, okay? You had the… you were lucky, because in the most arconvenient, you had the possibility to look, physically, at them, okay? And these are, okay, just some examples of, heat recovery unit, okay? So they can be, more or less, rectangular or squared, even, okay?
38:47:40Michele De Carli: And in that case, you can see that everything, okay, is arranged in order to be… to have a compact solution. And it is very good. As you can see here, you have filters. Remember, filters are also required in both sides, okay, because you also have to filter the
39:03:920Michele De Carli: return air, okay, which is… has anyway… some,
39:09:820Michele De Carli: dust or, or whatever, okay? Could have also oil, for instance, okay, like, from the kitchen, okay, your exhaustion layer, and in the kitchen, you have oil, and so on. And, and in this case, okay, you can see, it's easy, you can just…
39:27:810Michele De Carli: remove, okay, in case you clean, and after, let's say, some, some, every period, okay, you have to replace these features, okay?
39:42:100Michele De Carli: How… how could you know when you have to clean or substitute a filter?
39:48:100Michele De Carli: Any idea? Pressure sensor. Pressure sensor, yes. Usually, you have a pressure drop sensor, so that it is measuring the pressure difference between, let's say, one side and the other of the… of the… of the… of the…
40:04:590Michele De Carli: Filter, okay? And when it's becoming too high, then it means that the filter has to be cleaned or removed.
40:11:160Michele De Carli: Exactly, a remote substitute, okay?
40:15:100Michele De Carli: Good, so that is, how they look like, okay?
40:21:660Michele De Carli: And, of course, you need also some, some, some measurement devices on board, okay, in order to check, okay, the proper operation of the air handling unit, because, of course, you cite the air handling unit for
40:39:340Michele De Carli: Design conditions, okay, but then the outer air changes, okay, and also the relative humidity is changed from… from hour to hour, okay, or moment to moment, so… and and you need, okay, to… and everything, okay, also the control strategy of the… it's onboard of the air.
40:58:150Michele De Carli: Okay, so, there are many units, usually. It is, provided is a system, okay, which is provided by the manufacturer.
41:07:500Michele De Carli: Okay, and also, from your side, from the designer side, usually you, you… you are not sizing the different components, okay, but once you explain, okay, you… you give the…
41:21:940Michele De Carli: The desired conditions, okay, usually are the… the… the… the…
41:32:40Michele De Carli: The company which is producing the air-hanging units.
41:36:80Michele De Carli: Or, they could have also, they could also provide you with software, okay, which is, okay, sizing the different components and composing the… the air handling.
41:47:770Michele De Carli: Okay? So, in that case, then there is a proposal of the manufacturer in order to see the unit, how it is, okay? You, as designer, you are providing more or less the dimensions, okay, and also that is why it is
42:06:700Michele De Carli: The proposed out, so it is, let's say.
42:09:890Michele De Carli: a recursive iteration process, because based on their proposal, you're going to check the dimensions, you're going to see if the dimensions are suitable for your room, for instance, okay? Many times not, okay, most of the times. So you need to make it more compact, but being more compact, it would be
42:29:460Michele De Carli: more noisy, less, let's say, also less… less performant. You will need, if it's more compact, then you need higher pressure drops, okay, so the fan will… will consume more electricity, and so on, okay? One important issue, okay, that I would… I would stress
42:48:880Michele De Carli: From now, the end of the course, is that remember that
42:53:600Michele De Carli: we are starting looking at the auxiliary systems, okay? So here we are talking about pumps, but we're going to talk about pumps, okay, for the hydraulic system. The auxiliary system, okay, in the past, where
43:08:480Michele De Carli: Not that important, okay? But today, with the…
43:13:480Michele De Carli: with the well-insulated buildings, okay, the energy demand of the building has decreased so much, okay, that the auxiliary energy, or the energy required for the auxiliary systems, okay, could be
43:29:270Michele De Carli: okay, the same amount of the energy that you need, for instance, for a heat pump, the electricity that you need for a heat pump for heating the building, okay? So, in that case, you need to pay, to pay attention, because, the auxiliary system, they have to be, really carefully,
43:48:330Michele De Carli: Analyzed, and especially what you have to check if they should, okay.
43:55:820Michele De Carli: that usually you should consider that they could also operate with a variable speed, okay? Because by changing the speed, you could, let's say, save electricity, okay, because of the management of the
44:09:940Michele De Carli: In any case, whatever kind of auxiliary system you want, you have, the power needed for driving the auxiliary system is, at the end, okay, the flow rate times the
44:24:580Michele De Carli: delta P, okay, that you have, so the pressure drop that you have along the system, okay? For air and water, okay? And of course, fans are less efficient than pumps, okay?
44:37:770Michele De Carli: Oh, so, yes? It's the copper cylinder in that wood chief?
44:43:990Michele De Carli: Is it silencer? This one? Yes. No, that is a heat recovery. This is a recuperator. We are going to see this recuperator. It's a rotative, wheel. It's a, it's a… is a… a wheel, okay, so it's made of,
45:02:590Michele De Carli: matter, okay, so, and by rotating, okay, it's going from one side, so this is the exhaust thinner, okay, so in the exhaust interface, it is summertime, not wintertime, sorry, so imagine that here we are 20 degrees.
45:18:180Michele De Carli: Okay? And the air is blowing here at 20 degrees, so the matrix of this rotating system
45:26:510Michele De Carli: is heating up, and then when it's flowing in the other side, okay, then it is heating up the outer air, okay, in a continuous way, okay? So.
45:38:360Michele De Carli: By rotating, it is going from the warm, let's say, stream, okay, to the cold stream, by… and in that way, you're realizing the
45:49:960Michele De Carli: from the exhaust area to the,
45:54:630Michele De Carli: outdoor air heat. What is important is, as we see, okay, you could also cover the wheel with hydroscopic materials, okay? And in that case, you're not only exchanging heat, but you can also exchange maple. So, in that case, you will have, usually you will have
46:13:910Michele De Carli: more humid environment inside IMA.
46:19:420Michele De Carli: winter, okay, and the outer air is, is dry, okay? So you can humidify the outer air, so in this case, you could avoid the atomizer, the humidification, okay?
46:34:00Michele De Carli: This is especially important in extreme severe condition, in extreme climates, okay? When you have very cold conditions outside, okay, then the air inside of the building could be very dry.
46:45:220Michele De Carli: And, for instance, if you're working with wooden starters, okay, these systems are recommended, because in that way, you are not lowering the national liability fees.
46:56:330Michele De Carli: Which… which means that the Buddha is not, okay, contracting on the, on the… And, and excellent.
47:06:990Michele De Carli: Of course, that is extremely important for summer case studies, okay? Because in summer, you have outdoor air, which is very warm and humid, okay, and indoor air is instead, let's say.
47:23:790Michele De Carli: cold, flashing, and dry, okay? Dryer than outside. So, in that case, you are… you are extracting the… the vapor from the outer air, and you'll transfer the vapor to the exhaust air, and that will help in reducing the
47:41:480Michele De Carli: the cooling coil size, the chiller size, and it will reduce the cost. This is almost the typical solution that you have in all, let's say, extreme severe
47:55:720Michele De Carli: warm planets, okay? Also here. Of course, in that case, the…
48:05:310Michele De Carli: Exhaust air, okay, will enter in contact with the… well, there is… usually, there is…
48:14:500Michele De Carli: The pressure of, the,
48:19:640Michele De Carli: Here, you have higher pressure in here, okay, so you're not having shortcuts, or you try to avoid shortcuts, okay, as you will see, there is also a void volume, okay, not to avoid this. But in any case, the air, the outer air gets in contact with the surface, which can be, let's say.
48:38:320Michele De Carli: Okay, somehow affected by the indoor, let's say, climate. When there was the COVID
48:46:360Michele De Carli: when there was the COVID, that was a problem, okay? So, I mean, or it was a hidden problem, okay? So, because in that case, the COVID could, let's say, pass from one side to the other, okay?
49:00:280Michele De Carli: But nobody told that, okay? So it wasn't, let's say, Oh, wow.
49:06:770Michele De Carli: So, that's it.
49:08:480Michele De Carli: And for instance, okay, for operational theater, but it's not… Oops, okay.
49:15:00Michele De Carli: Okay.
49:18:940Michele De Carli: Waffle.
49:22:830Michele De Carli: Okay.
49:23:900Michele De Carli: Yes, I want to just to highlight that these engines, okay, are not used anymore, so you're using brushes, okay, which are engines, which are, of course, much more efficient than
49:36:750Michele De Carli: So here, it's just to show you, okay, a little bit, the… the sizes that you can have, okay, of the… of the, for instance, of the… of the… of the coils, okay? And if you think about the size of the, of the coil, you could…
49:52:680Michele De Carli: also consider the size, okay, of each element, okay, of each, let's say, element of the… or sub-element of the AI handling unit. Okay, so yeah, just to show you, okay.
50:05:800Michele De Carli: That is good. Remember… Excellent.
50:12:560Michele De Carli: That's what I say.
50:14:460Michele De Carli: Oh.
50:19:380Michele De Carli: In your report, I don't want to see this.
50:22:630Michele De Carli: Okay?
50:24:280Michele De Carli: You will get one pointless.
50:27:20Michele De Carli: If you are not making the right System, okay?
50:32:390Michele De Carli: K capital letter is KD, okay? Kilowatts is KW.
50:37:740Michele De Carli: Capital letter, okay? What per square meter per kilon means what divided by
50:43:270Michele De Carli: Okay? Bracket, square meter carrying, okay, and so on. If you're making some mistake here, okay, you will get negative points, okay?
50:54:560Michele De Carli: Also, the digits, you are engineer, okay? So I don't want to see…
50:59:630Michele De Carli: 1000 watts, comma 000, okay, or comma 9, no, okay? So, 3 digits are enough, okay, whatever. You can use, if it's 1.12 kilos, it's okay, okay, so you… but up to 3 digits, okay? After 3 digits, it's not useful anymore.
51:19:70Michele De Carli: Okay?
51:20:110Michele De Carli: Alright?
51:21:290Michele De Carli: Okay.
51:22:270Michele De Carli: Good.
51:24:890Michele De Carli: So, okay, pressure drop into star, also, no commas, okay? Okay, good.
51:34:640Michele De Carli: So here, just to show you, okay, you have, for instance, here, okay, 1,200 cubic meters per hour, okay, how much is it? We can divide 1,200 by 40, okay, so that means
51:49:990Michele De Carli: 30, right? So, 1,200 cubic meters per hour is the amount of air that you need, for instance, for
51:58:370Michele De Carli: 30 people, okay? So, for this room, for instance, okay?
52:02:760Michele De Carli: MCs, okay?
52:07:730Michele De Carli: But, for instance, okay, 5,000, okay, it means 5,000 divided by 4.
52:17:40Michele De Carli: 14, okay, is… 60? No. Is… Laranta? No, Lamb, sorry.
52:25:480Michele De Carli: One, two, one, okay.
52:28:820Michele De Carli: Is that correct?
52:33:620Michele De Carli: Sorry, I'm not a lawyer, I don't have it, so I'm not really… I told you I was not…
52:39:720Michele De Carli: 120, no? Okay, so this is for 120 people, okay? So, 4 times, 4 times the… yes, it's 4 times, I guess, 4,000, okay? So, 125… 120 people, okay? So.
52:54:490Michele De Carli: you can see that 4 times the prorate, okay, it means that this section is going from 30 centimeters by 5 by half meter to half meter 8.
53:07:930Michele De Carli: 80 centimeters, okay? So, of course, the larger thermomatic flow rate, okay, the larger would be the unit, okay? So, for a large application, you could have even any unit, like, I mean, okay, with the width of this… of this room, okay?
53:27:260Michele De Carli: And, of course, you need to consider that then you have to locate that in the technical space and so on. And also, okay, the weight, you can see that the way it took place now.
53:40:150Michele De Carli: Okay, so, that is just to show you, okay, to keep in mind that the AMA unit could, okay, have a very
53:49:40Michele De Carli: huge, okay, they could be huge, and of course, that is why they could… they can be also located outside, because if you… they are located outside, it's not a problem, okay? But of course, then you have to consider the weight of the reunite, and you need to talk about with the structural engineer that they
54:07:590Michele De Carli: The ceiling, the roof should, okay, be resistant to the low deodorant on top of the…
54:13:610Michele De Carli: Okay. We can, okay, do… we can, we can, we could, in principle.
54:23:370Michele De Carli: But let's see, okay? Maybe it would be interesting to go to the Ato Pellegrino, where it is… which is a very interesting location for…
54:31:930Michele De Carli: the… for the plants, okay, so we can have a visit there. I will try to organize that at the end of the course.
54:38:990Michele De Carli: Okay, so, heat recovery units.
54:45:340Michele De Carli: Okay.
54:46:890Michele De Carli: So heat recovery units, okay, they are extremely important, okay, because we have seen that, basically, when we talk about ventilation, okay, the, the recuperator or the heat recovery unit could, could, save, okay, power and, in,
55:08:60Michele De Carli: Overall, yearly period energy, okay, for the building, okay? So, how they are, how they are, they are, of course, a kit they are installed inside the
55:21:700Michele De Carli: Yeah.
55:23:200Michele De Carli: So, they are typically, they are typically, sorry, the typical heat recovery unit operator is the plate heat exchanger, okay?
55:36:960Michele De Carli: They are, well, very well established and, and, and, and, let's say, standard, okay, technology. In this case, okay,
55:55:60Michele De Carli: In this case, on average, okay, you could consider that the efficiency of the
56:01:570Michele De Carli: of the heat recovery is 50%, okay? So this is the average, the average heat recovery that you could have, okay? You could, like, work a little bit more on the surface in order to increase this efficiency, okay? But you could reach, let's say, 50-160% of
56:21:730Michele De Carli: Efficiency. Remember one, one thing? That, below the heat recovery unit, okay, you should
56:29:660Michele De Carli: consider the draining of the… I already told you that, okay, so the draining of the water, because in this case, you have, in winter condition, okay, you might have condensation of the
56:42:990Michele De Carli: Exhaust air, okay, which could reach the condensation, the dew point temperature, and you need that the drop should be collected and
56:55:400Michele De Carli: throw one, okay?
56:58:670Michele De Carli: Okay. So this is the typical pattern, okay? You have seen, in the…
57:09:250Michele De Carli: In the course of,
57:12:280Michele De Carli: Professor Gianni, you have seen all the heat exchanges, so I don't want… I will not spend too much time on that, okay? But of course, remember that in this case, you are… the air is not… is just, let's say, flowing from one side to the other to the other.
57:26:640Michele De Carli: And it's not mixing, okay? So this is… it is a good, let's say, way to, let's say.
57:32:830Michele De Carli: to have, anyway, separated flows, okay, so the contamination between one flow and the other is very limited, and the production and the producer, okay, of the, you know, should, okay, also declare this.
57:50:00Michele De Carli: this system, okay? In case… okay, in case there are the… In case of,
57:59:140Michele De Carli: let's say, strict conditions, okay? So, if, if you're…
58:07:160Michele De Carli: If you have to avoid any potential contamination, okay, then there are other solutions, as we will see, okay? So this is the solution, which is usually considered, because in that case, you have not so…
58:19:910Michele De Carli: much probability of contamination. You might have some contamination, but it is limited, okay? But you're not sure about the contamination, okay?
58:30:710Michele De Carli: So this is the typical, the typical, the typical system. Okay, of course, how to calculate the heat recovery. We have seen that, okay? This is the, the equation that is used in the actual standard, the T4, okay?
58:46:120Michele De Carli: Just to mention it. Okay, this is exactly, okay.
58:51:630Michele De Carli: the, the, the, how you can estimate efficiency, where you could estimate efficiency, on the temperature, on… if… if you have a…
59:03:820Michele De Carli: If you have… if you're using hydroscopic material, so you could add… you could add also the content of humidity, okay, and of course, the enthalpy… the entropy efficiency, okay, as we see in, in,
59:19:520Michele De Carli: the next slides.
59:21:840Michele De Carli: Okay, what is important to remember is that the heat recovery unit is a compromise between the heat that you could recover, the compactness, so the size of the heat recovery unit, and the pressure drop. Okay, so…
59:36:200Michele De Carli: Adding more compact solution leads to higher pressure losses, okay, so pressure drops.
59:42:870Michele De Carli: And, of course, this is just to tell you that, the… yeah, I told you, now we can reach, you know, 70%, okay? And the size of the heat recovery unit is usually a compromise between the
00:01:550Michele De Carli: Efficiency of the heat recovery unit, and the pressure drop of the
00:06:130Michele De Carli: the localized pressure drop, you know.
00:10:310Michele De Carli: Okay? Of course, you should… usually you don't have to do this calculation, okay? Usually, as I told you, usually the producer, okay, will give you a proposal.
00:22:100Michele De Carli: If you need to make, as I want to recap a little bit the… what I said, if you need to make the system more compact, okay, if you need to
00:31:720Michele De Carli: Then, to, to reduce the dimension of the heat of the unit, then maybe one of the
00:39:410Michele De Carli: All the components that you need to produce is the heat recovery unit, okay, so that you will have a greater pressure loss, okay, in the heat… in the airing unit, okay?
00:52:350Michele De Carli: Okay, this is just the pressure drop, okay?
00:59:290Michele De Carli: I will skip that.
01:00:510Michele De Carli: Okay, because I think that you have done already much of this theory, okay, so I will… I will skip it in case you don't have this background, okay? There are some…
01:13:660Michele De Carli: some, there are some information from you.
01:19:540Michele De Carli: I think… I don't remember if you look at this, solution in Bostacondo, okay? So, in… especially in, in the residential applications for the mechanical ventilation for residential application.
01:32:910Michele De Carli: The typical solution which is used today is this solution here, okay? So, practically, it's the same… the same heat exchanger, okay, which is, let's say, okay, just… just,
01:48:870Michele De Carli: pronounced, okay? So, please, maybe longer, in order to have a partial countercurrent flow, okay, which, of course, will increase, okay, the, efficiency of our heat recovery current, so by extending, okay, by extending the…
02:08:970Michele De Carli: surface heat exchange, okay? And by having perfectly, okay, countercurrent flow, okay, you are leading to a greater heat recovery, and you could reach, okay, officially, no, officially, no.
02:26:740Michele De Carli: Yes, nominally, okay, or officially. 90% of efficiency, okay, but let's say that you could…
02:34:370Michele De Carli: usually cut 10%, okay, or 15%. I mean.
02:38:350Michele De Carli: Let's say that you have 80% of…
02:41:140Michele De Carli: of heat recovery efficiency, which is, anyway, quite huge, okay? So this is… and usually they are made in plastic, okay, so they're also easy to handle, to clean, okay, so that you can get to take out, clean, okay, with the water and some other chemicals.
02:59:840Michele De Carli: Compounds, okay,
03:02:980Michele De Carli: And, but the cleaning products, okay? And, and these are the typical, solutions, especially for mechan… for, for,
03:12:610Michele De Carli: for…
03:16:800Michele De Carli: Okay? For resumption, for one.
03:20:920Michele De Carli: Okay, so the, the static plate effect exchangers, okay, either one or the other, they have several pros, okay, so they usually are easy to clean, okay, sorry, this is… this is relatively true, okay?
03:38:950Michele De Carli: They have low pressure drops, okay. They have no moving parts, which is also, the… which is also important. There's small contamination, okay, between the stairs, which is also…
03:53:270Michele De Carli: Could be important, okay? And they are very… they are…
03:58:390Michele De Carli: the usual solution of, like, desktop use.
04:02:330Michele De Carli: The cons are that, that, of course, as all the heat recovery units, okay, you need, you have exhaust and supply close by, okay, because, okay, they get that to be in contact, okay?
04:19:760Michele De Carli: And, and of course, they limit… they're very good in heating, but not so much in, okay, as efficiency. Yes? Which was not really true.
04:32:600Michele De Carli: Just respond more reliably. Awesome. Yeah.
04:36:650Michele De Carli: No, no, boom.
04:38:260Michele De Carli: The noise dampening edge shows.
04:42:700Michele De Carli: I will erase it the next year, okay?
04:45:430Michele De Carli: Okay, you know that, as we have seen, the heat recovery is, so, the transformation of outer air, so the outer air enters at the same content of humidity ratio that, that you have, but you are heating up the
05:01:980Michele De Carli: Outer air, and you're cooling down, right? Exhausting, okay, also in there.
05:07:510Michele De Carli: In, let's say, usually with, noification, in case you reach the new point that we don't have, okay, demolification, of course, as well.
05:17:580Michele De Carli: Alright, so…
05:19:510Michele De Carli: This is, this is one type of recuperator. The, the hardware heat recovery, as I was mentioning before, as your colleague asked, is the thermal wheel. Okay, so the thermal wheel is this rotating wheel.
05:37:950Michele De Carli: is, means that we have an engine, okay, so we have movement… movement parts, okay, which, of course, could require some maintenance, okay, which, should be considered some. And then, and in that case, okay, you have,
05:57:850Michele De Carli: You, you can see here, okay, there is the, the, there is this,
06:06:810Michele De Carli: let's say, section here which is pushing, or let's say it's forcing the air to pass through the wheel, okay? So you can see this… this is the section here. Okay, I will try to…
06:21:30Michele De Carli: I will try to…
06:22:860Michele De Carli: do this here, okay, so you have this section here, so it's also here, okay, on the bottom. And this is forcing the air to pass, okay, to the wheel, okay? And, through the wheel, then you have that buyer taking the wheel, okay?
06:39:960Michele De Carli: you had heat transfer from one side to another, okay, and this matrix material, okay, could be also keramic materials, okay, so not only, not only…
06:53:120Michele De Carli: not only steel, okay, or let's say, metal material, from one side to another, okay? So you can see that, of course, you try to
07:04:280Michele De Carli: have a greater pressure in the supply section, okay, so in the air… outer air intake, in order that in case of exfiltration, the outer air, okay, is, okay, going to
07:19:80Michele De Carli: into the exhaust depth in order to reduce the shortcut. And also, for reducing the shortcut, you have this perch area here, okay, so that, okay, you try to avoid any, let's say, any, residual
07:37:80Michele De Carli: Okay, presence of exhaust air when you are passing on the
07:44:480Michele De Carli: on the section on the supply side, okay? So, this is the typical, let's say, strategic idea. Of course, as I mentioned, in this case.
07:57:480Michele De Carli: In any way, the, the… the material, okay, is blown by the…
08:06:710Michele De Carli: Exhaust air, okay, which, at the end, the material, gets in contact.
08:11:600Michele De Carli: extended period. Okay, but I mean,
08:16:720Michele De Carli: From this point of view, okay, that could be partially, partially,
08:23:620Michele De Carli: That could be partially solved, or…
08:26:560Michele De Carli: almost sold by filters, okay, that could be put on the exhaust here, okay? So you could even use absolute filters, okay? But of course, remember, absolute filters will
08:38:950Michele De Carli: have a very huge delta P, okay, so you have a very, very high pressure drop, localized pressure drop, which, of course means that you need a greater pressure head from the fan, and that will lose electricity from the fan, okay?
08:54:390Michele De Carli: Yes? Is there any missing, or are they separated fresh air?
08:59:870Michele De Carli: No, the mixing is proud to be avoided, okay, on one hand, by having a greater pressure here in the supply than here, and also dispersed
09:12:250Michele De Carli: Sure, okay, so you have to think about that the… that the, the, the, the supply air, okay, is, you have this purge.
09:23:180Michele De Carli: Let's say volume, so that the supply air, okay, will blow, okay, and, and will, okay, remove the air.
09:36:840Michele De Carli: which is interrupt by the exhausted, which could be interrapped. Yes, it's a linear signal.
09:46:680Michele De Carli: So, air is rotating, okay? Now, imagine that here you go from the supply, the exhaust here, okay? The supply, okay, so this is the, let's say.
10:01:90Michele De Carli: This is…
10:02:700Michele De Carli: what you see from the supply side, okay? So the supply side… in the supply side, you have
10:10:540Michele De Carli: That, the… the section of supply, you… this… okay, this is the section of the supply.
10:19:440Michele De Carli: Okay.
10:24:970Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is…
10:27:410Michele De Carli: Where the air supply enters in, and when it gets out, this dissection will be more limited, okay?
10:37:530Michele De Carli: Okay, so…
10:39:220Michele De Carli: the air enters in a larger section and gets out from a smaller section, okay? And in that case, okay, you will have
10:49:660Michele De Carli: But, yes, okay. So, in that case, you have this volume, okay, which is, let's say, cleaned by some exos, some fresh air.
11:03:250Michele De Carli: Okay?
11:08:430Michele De Carli: But also, in this case, you're not completely
11:12:90Michele De Carli: sure that you are avoiding any infiltration, okay, as the other one. Okay, we will see how to do that.
11:22:890Michele De Carli: Okay, okay, so this is…
11:28:430Michele De Carli: the explanation that they gave, okay, so here you have the More, and more, and…
11:34:690Michele De Carli: Or elements, so you can see the speed of rotation. Speed of rotation, round per minute, okay? It's between, let's say, 5 and 10, okay, 3 or 10, okay, so it's…
11:44:190Michele De Carli: It's, okay, not that,
11:49:90Michele De Carli: high-speed rotation, okay, so the rotation is not that,
11:56:660Michele De Carli: short, okay? Okay, this is, instead, what we could do with the entropy wheel, okay? So with the enthalpy wheel, basically, these are, let's say, the conditions that you can get.
12:09:880Michele De Carli: from this enthalpy wheel. Okay, so this is a… these are the… the… the conditions that I found, okay, from a producer of the tool wheel.
12:21:260Michele De Carli: of entropy wheel, okay? So entropy wheel means that, in this case, you are covering the matrix with hydroscopic material so that you can
12:30:980Michele De Carli: transfer not only the it, but also the data, okay? So, the, the stream which is richer in the report, okay, will, make the, the, the, the…
12:45:550Michele De Carli: the finishing material to absorb the vapor, and then when you reach the stream, which is, drier, okay, which is, which,
12:55:780Michele De Carli: has a lower amount of vapor, then the vapor will be released into the stream, okay? So, in that case, you are transferring not only the heat, but also the vapor from the
13:08:570Michele De Carli: let's say, higher humidity ratio, stream to the lower humidity ratio stream, okay? So this is the winter operation. In winter, we have
13:23:60Michele De Carli: We are heaping up the outer air, okay, because of the, let's say.
13:29:740Michele De Carli: thermal energy that is stored inside of the… of the matrix, okay?
13:35:850Michele De Carli: And, in this case, The, the… the exhaust air, okay, is not only
13:47:660Michele De Carli: cooled down by the matrix, okay? So the exhaust air at 20 degrees, is cooled down by the matrix, so the matrix is absorbing the heat of the exhaust air, okay? But also, the inward condition there does put 50%, for instance, 28 hours.
14:07:310Michele De Carli: It's 21, okay, this is the clear manufacturer of
14:10:920Michele De Carli: Okay, data. So yeah, 20 degree… 21 degrees C inside, okay, and 50% of relative humidity, which means around about 41 kilojoules per kilogram of air.
14:23:340Michele De Carli: Of air, okay, as enthalpy, specific enthalpy.
14:27:350Michele De Carli: The outer air is instead, in this case, is 1 degree C, okay, so more or less, I couldn't put the dot exactly, but it's here, okay? And 75% of relative humidity is also here.
14:41:790Michele De Carli: So, which means 11, okay, so it should be here.
14:46:530Michele De Carli: I know.
14:47:500Michele De Carli: okay, and 4, okay, 4, okay, so for, kilograms, kilojoules of kilogram, okay? So in this case, you can see that the… the…
15:02:620Michele De Carli: Indoor air, okay, is cooling, cooling down, okay, cools down, but also will, okay, release the vapor, okay, into the angle-stopping material. So that means that the humidity ratio, okay, goes from
15:21:300Michele De Carli: 7.
15:24:280Michele De Carli: 7.7 grams per kilogram, grams per kilogram.
15:29:520Michele De Carli: 2, okay, 3 grams of vapor per kilo. So, it means that we are releasing 4.7, okay, grams of vapor, which are then, of course, okay, given to the outer air, which is then going from 1.5
15:47:840Michele De Carli: grams per vapor.
15:49:780Michele De Carli: Per kilogram of air to…
15:52:790Michele De Carli: 6.5 grams of people, okay, per kilometer.
15:57:930Michele De Carli: And, at the same time.
15:59:940Michele De Carli: you are heating up the air from 1 degree to 17 degrees C, okay? So you're heating up the air, and you're also humidifying the air. So there will enter, okay, with this proton, which is, okay.
16:13:700Michele De Carli: It's okay, 6.5, okay? And then we have, of course, the generation of vapor inside of the building, okay? So that will, will allow to have not two
16:27:100Michele De Carli: dry conditions inside, especially in cold, very cold conditions. So imagine that instead of zero, you have minus skies, minus 10, okay? So, the humidity
16:40:100Michele De Carli: the vapor would be almost zero, okay? So, that is a good way to, let's say, try or keep the humidity under control inside, okay, with the passive solution, let's say, without using humidifiers inside of the pill, okay?
16:59:210Michele De Carli: In which case, instead, we are looking, we are seeing what, we can see what is the effect of a mentality will, when we need to… in a summer condition, okay? In this case.
17:14:830Michele De Carli: The, outer conditions are 32 degrees and 65% of natural humidity, okay?
17:22:800Michele De Carli: So, not very warm, but extremely humid, okay? I want to remind you that here, when we have 34, 35, you really see we have 40% of relative humidity, okay? So, in this case, you are really okay in the
17:39:220Michele De Carli: In wet conditions, I say, okay? So, terribly wet, it's okay. And,
17:47:760Michele De Carli: But I don't care, okay, because that was the data…
17:52:510Michele De Carli: These are the data that I found.
17:54:500Michele De Carli: In this case, okay, by considering an indoor condition of 24 degrees C and 60% relative humidity, okay, so here.
18:03:820Michele De Carli: So, these are the exhaust air, and this is the outdoor air, okay? So…
18:10:710Michele De Carli: We have a, a heat recovery,
18:15:750Michele De Carli: sensible heat recovery, which means that we are, let's say, going from 32 degrees C to 25 degrees C, okay?
18:24:420Michele De Carli: And, the… So, they…
18:32:550Michele De Carli: the inner air, okay, goes from 24 degrees C to 30 degrees C, okay? And the, and the…
18:42:690Michele De Carli: So it's heating up, okay, and the outer air is cooled down, okay, from 25.5 to, let's say, 30 to… well, 2, 2,
18:55:940Michele De Carli: Sorry, from 32 degrees to 25.5, so a little bit…
19:00:220Michele De Carli: Okay, so in this case, you… the indoor air, okay, which is drier than the outside air, okay, will absorb, okay, the vapor, okay, so they will
19:19:310Michele De Carli: Charged in vapor, the microscopic material, okay, which has stored the vapor when it passes through the outdoor air.
19:31:60Michele De Carli: stream, okay.
19:33:80Michele De Carli: It reaches the drier air of the exhaust, okay, so the hygroscopic material will release the vapor, okay, to the exhaust air, so the inner air will go from, let's say, where is it?
19:51:520Michele De Carli: 11 grams of vapor to 17.5 grams of vapor, and at the same time, the outer air will dry, okay, from 17… no, from, sorry, from, 19 grams of vapor to
20:10:140Michele De Carli: 13 grams of water. You can see that what is important is the enthalpy, the difference that you have on the outer air, because in this case, you have 81 minus
20:26:770Michele De Carli: Minus, minus, minus 58, okay, which is… 20… 23, right? Correct?
20:37:160Michele De Carli: You know, joule per kilogram, okay.
20:40:390Michele De Carli: Now, if you enter here, and you're using the
20:45:460Michele De Carli: cooling coil, the cooling coil will be approximately here, okay, so we can say 30, okay, roughly speaking. 30 kilojoules per kilogram will be the enthalpy, okay, of the air getting out from the cooling coil, okay, more or less.
21:01:190Michele De Carli: Okay, so the cooling coil. So, the transformation in the cooling coil
21:06:640Michele De Carli: will be, roughly speaking, here, okay, so I will keep this. So, the transformation in the cooling coil will be this one. Okay, so in this case, you have to cool down the air at 30 kilojoules per kilogram of air, okay?
21:23:530Michele De Carli: Which means… That you have 30 kilos room.
21:28:400Michele De Carli: Of two of them.
21:29:730Michele De Carli: of that year, of outgoing.
21:32:670Michele De Carli: conditions from the link oil, so in this case, you need just 28 kilojoules per kilogram instead of 81 minus instead of 51. Okay, so you have a dramatic
21:48:840Michele De Carli: a dramatic, okay, reduction of the power that you need in the cooling coil, so half of the power, okay? So, which is extremely…
21:59:500Michele De Carli: It's a very interesting, okay, solution, especially for M. And this is the best solution if you want to save energy for angry dealer, for cooling dealer, and the humidified dealer in summertime, in warm conditions, okay?
22:17:250Michele De Carli: Of course, again, we have to remind that there might be some
22:22:460Michele De Carli: contamination, okay, because the… the coating material, okay, will go from one side to another, okay, and some residual materials could… that, again, you could use filters, okay, to try to filter as much as possible the exhaust air.
22:41:10Michele De Carli: Okay, so these are the pros and cons.
22:44:380Michele De Carli: Noso corrosion.
22:46:260Michele De Carli: 5 minutes, we can, we can finish all this part, okay? So I will try to push, but not that much, okay?
22:54:170Michele De Carli: So, I told you, if… what happens if you want to keep the two streams, completely, okay, if you want to avoid any contamination from the streams, or energy, for instance, that,
23:08:530Michele De Carli: Where could you have the exhaust? Where should you take the exhaust air, usually, in a building?
23:16:570Michele De Carli: In the bathroom, okay? So imagine that you have the bathroom over there, and imagine that the unit is on the other side of the building, okay? So imagine that the bathrooms are… the toilets are very far away from the handling unit.
23:34:970Michele De Carli: And you need… I told you, okay, you need to… in order to recover the heat, okay, you need the exhaust, and the external intake should be closed by, okay? But it might be that… it might be unreasonable.
23:51:310Michele De Carli: To have 50 meters, okay, of ducts in order to
23:55:170Michele De Carli: recover the heater, okay, because you need to drive the exhaust air from the bathrooms, okay, to the air handling unit, okay?
24:04:980Michele De Carli: So, in that case, you should use water, okay, as heat color, okay? So, in this case, you could use the so-called round-around coins, okay.
24:17:290Michele De Carli: Bateria conmugate in Italian, okay?
24:20:690Michele De Carli: And in this case, you have, usually two, coils, okay, in the series, which are, okay, absorbing the heat of the exhaust air, okay?
24:34:680Michele De Carli: And, they, are by a pump, okay? They are circulating the water, and they are releasing the heat to the, to the, to the, to the supply, to the, to the fresh air, okay?
24:47:990Michele De Carli: So, it can be used either for very large, distances between the
24:55:850Michele De Carli: between the exhaust and the pressure intake. Okay.
25:01:240Michele De Carli: Or if you want to keep, okay, no contamination, so you want to avoid any contamination between the two streams. So this is also used, for instance, for operation theaters. This is a solution that can be used, so in that case, you have to avoid any cross-contamination, because in that case, it could be a difference for
25:20:00Michele De Carli: Of course, here, okay, you see, you are going to come down at the expansion vessel, okay? So this is the, as I told you in the, in the neurobiology course, okay, the expansion vessel is, is used in order to, okay, to, to, to…
25:38:330Michele De Carli: absorb, okay, the… the water, delta, the, the density or changes of the water, so the pressure, the… the contraction and expansion of the water from the minimum to the maximum temperature.
25:58:30Michele De Carli: Of course, okay?
26:00:310Michele De Carli: Usually, this is…
26:04:750Michele De Carli: you have an antifreeze mixer, okay? Because, when you deal with exhaust air, with outer air, okay, you need to keep the… so you use… usually use glyco, okay, inside.
26:18:750Michele De Carli: Another possibility is to use the heat pipe, okay? So, by adding a heat pipe, you can transfer the heat from the warm estimate to the coldesting. And in this case, that could be also… it's not only a solution which can be used for
26:37:370Michele De Carli: Just for heating up the outer air, but also to cool down the air. And in this case, okay, you could have also some, okay, potential,
26:51:830Michele De Carli: Yeah, that could be used also for very warm climates, okay? So that could be also a solution, for these applications, okay? So, heat pipe, you know very well how it works, so I don't have to… I don't,
27:09:60Michele De Carli: Explaining, that
27:11:220Michele De Carli: You can transfer the heat from one place to another, okay, by working on the phase change, okay, in the 8 pipe.
27:21:30Michele De Carli: Okay. Last?
27:24:830Michele De Carli: last system that we have is the so-called thermodynamic heat recovery, okay?
27:34:830Michele De Carli: What do you think about that?
27:40:160Michele De Carli: crisis.
27:41:700Michele De Carli: And it's a complex name, so it should be…
27:45:270Michele De Carli: the best solution, it should. Okay, so basically, it is, okay, this is just a HIPAA, okay? It's thermodynamic heat recovery unit, it's just a HIPAA, okay? So, there is no
27:59:840Michele De Carli: best solution, then heat recovery with heat exchange, okay, without any compression, okay? So, basically, this is a trendy solution, okay, in the market. The name of thermodynamic makes it… makes it, I mean,
28:19:210Michele De Carli: Yeah, okay. And, but it's basically, okay, it's, I mean, it's just a… okay, so, usually you, and when they are used, we see that these solutions are used for the current solution for, for, for, for small applications, okay, or, or residential buildings.
28:38:50Michele De Carli: But usually, it is better to have also a critical unit, okay? They might be used, okay, if you want to keep the contamination, if you want to avoid the contamination, okay? But in any case.
28:51:950Michele De Carli: That is… that could be a solution, okay, but in my opinion, there is… there are two better solutions. One is the heat pipe, and one is the round and oncore.
29:03:610Michele De Carli: Okay, so with the heat pump, also, you could keep, okay, quite, quite,
29:09:460Michele De Carli: You could keep the contamination also very zero.
29:13:450Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is all for the ending unit. Tomorrow we talk about, we are going to see how to… you have to do the record of the population for your laptop, okay? And, okay, and then, we stop for a while, and…
29:30:70Michele De Carli: Okay, so we see yesterday.