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00:16:970Michele De Carli: Okay, lovely.
00:20:860Michele De Carli: Yes. All right, so we are, going now to see how to make the calculations for free. Okay, so as I was mentioning, we are, we are now… we're, dealing with a more
00:36:740Michele De Carli: complicated calculation, okay, because in Italy it was very simple.
00:41:260Michele De Carli: is just a resistance, okay? We have just considered resistive conditions in the envelope. We have no internal gains, we have no solar radiation, so everything is matched.
00:54:70Michele De Carli: easier, okay? When we have to make the calculation of cooling, okay, then the things are becoming a little bit more complicated, okay?
01:06:650Michele De Carli: So, we are going to see how to calculate the peak load for cooling. I will also, and we are going to use the most simple… the simplest solution, okay, which is the so-called equivalent temperature map, okay?
01:24:750Michele De Carli: Then we are going to see very quickly how you… you could also consider the energy, okay, in cooling, but in a very simplified way.
01:36:110Michele De Carli: And then we are going to see, at the end, the schemes that we have seen for the ET, we are going to see also the schemes for
01:44:10Michele De Carli: Okay, so what we have seen in the… And then last resides. Yes.
01:49:510Michele De Carli: Gee, we need Okay, so…
01:54:300Michele De Carli: What is the problem, or what is the main, problem in… As I, as I mentioned, okay, you should consider the, you should consider, also the dimension of the building. So it's not, you're not,
02:14:740Michele De Carli: You're not allowed to do calculations again, or stick with instinct.
02:21:640Michele De Carli: So, there are different methods, okay, for making this calculation. The ones when you made the energy buildings, you did the different dynamic calculation with Energy Plus, okay? And this is… this is, of course, one of the… or is the most detailed calculation, and the most accurate calculation that you can do. But, of course, as you have
02:42:870Michele De Carli: Experience means time, okay, to fill in…
02:45:730Michele De Carli: data, and so on. And
02:50:230Michele De Carli: So, I will, and I will, instead, okay, introduce you, a quicker,
03:01:560Michele De Carli: calculation method, okay, which was mainly used up to a few years ago, okay? Up to…
03:10:880Michele De Carli: Oh, still use. They're still youth.
03:12:970Michele De Carli: Why? Because it is based on, let's say, tables, okay? And you can do, also, by hand calculation. Of course, if you implement it as you are going to do in Excel, okay?
03:25:120Michele De Carli: It will be quick and easy, okay? And also, I don't want… and it is, of course,
03:34:460Michele De Carli: It will lead to, more rough estimations, okay?
03:41:600Michele De Carli: But still conservative, somehow, okay? So, which is still… which is okay, okay? And anyway, more accurate than a steady-state calculation, okay? So, let's say that in this case, we are just…
03:55:660Michele De Carli: we are using this CP5, same method, okay, which is mainly based on the… on this slide. So this is the main concept of the
04:10:390Michele De Carli: Of the idea of this, of this calculation, okay? So, and this is also, this slide is also, is also,
04:22:800Michele De Carli: introducing the concept of the so-called cooling load, okay, which is extremely important, okay? So imagine to have a room, okay.
04:32:880Michele De Carli: Which is, let's say, in… without solar radiation, okay? And where it is just, let's say, it's so well insulated from outside, okay.
04:46:830Michele De Carli: That you, that you just, okay, need to, in case, okay,
04:56:780Michele De Carli: extract the… the… the cooling, okay, or to… in order to… you want to provide a fixed temperature. This is the first, let's say.
05:05:660Michele De Carli: the first simplification, okay, you consider the fixed temperature through all the day, okay, which is 26 degrees, because we are even cooling, okay?
05:17:20Michele De Carli: And, imagine that you want to keep this 26 degrees in this room, which is just affected by the internet. Okay, so imagine that maybe at 8 AM, okay, you switch on some loads, okay, could be people, lighting, okay, appliances, whatever, or pieces, okay?
05:36:660Michele De Carli: And you switch on these systems at 8 AM, and you close it at 6pm in the afternoon, or 8 p.m, doesn't matter, later in a certain duration. Okay, and basically.
05:50:240Michele De Carli: What you can do, you are… you have a cooling system, and you can, let's say, record how much cooling the system is extracting, okay?
05:59:760Michele De Carli: too old, okay? And of course, you are considering that this condition is replicated from one day to another, which is also another simplification that you are going
06:11:300Michele De Carli: to introduce, okay? So we are going to consider, let's say, okay, the days which are replicated, okay, over the time, for a certain period of time, okay?
06:24:520Michele De Carli: From one day, you repeat the second condition from one day to that.
06:29:280Michele De Carli: So, your… you have, internal games, so they are either switched on or off, okay? So, you have, a step constant.
06:43:410Michele De Carli: service station, okay? So you have stopped customer service station, or, I don't know.
06:50:480Michele De Carli: 4, 5 kilos, okay, 10 kilos, doesn't matter, okay? And, but the… but your cooling system, okay, at the beginning, is recording a smaller power to be
07:06:910Michele De Carli: Extracted by the room, okay?
07:09:580Michele De Carli: And this power is going to increase allow me today, okay.
07:16:550Michele De Carli: At to reaching a value which should be closer or, more or less close, closer to the, to the game, and which is the solicitation.
07:30:380Michele De Carli: Why?
07:33:50Michele De Carli: Any suggestion?
07:35:650Michele De Carli: Yes? They're not English or Latin. Yes.
07:39:290Michele De Carli: Exactly, so we have heat gains, we are switching on the heat gains, and the structures, which are at 26 degrees, okay, they are absorbing this heat gain.
07:50:470Michele De Carli: Okay, of course, at the beginning, they are able to host to store more heat. As far as the day, is,
07:59:530Michele De Carli: As far as the hours are passing by, okay, we have, that the thermal, energy will be stored, okay, all over the day, which means that
08:11:910Michele De Carli: the structures are, let's say, going to be more or less separated, depending on the thermal ideation, okay?
08:23:300Michele De Carli: So, the combination of the internal gains and the room capacity, okay, will lead to a smaller operator, let's say, maximum cooling.
08:38:590Michele De Carli: when the… when the heat gains are then switched off, okay, at 6pm, for instance, then what is happening is that the
08:51:770Michele De Carli: heat which has been stored in the structure, okay, will be then released, okay, the heat gains are not anymore active, okay? So the heat, the thermal energy which has been stored.
09:05:260Michele De Carli: tomorrow the day, okay, is then released, okay, over the night, let's say, okay, I'll get a million dollars.
09:16:90Michele De Carli: And if the… if… depending, again, on the energy stored and the thermal capacity of the room, the, the… the strutors will, be recovered. They will be… will reach, again, 26 degrees through all the thickness of the strutters.
09:36:160Michele De Carli: After 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 hours, 10 hours, okay, doesn't matter. Anyway, the following day, you have 26 degrees in the room and in the structures, okay? And again, the day will repeat, and so on, okay? So you are, let's say, in the conditions, okay?
09:56:110Michele De Carli: Daily, from day to day, okay? Which is also important.
10:00:760Michele De Carli: So, what is important to understand is that you have a solicitation, which is the big game, okay?
10:08:540Michele De Carli: And you have the restaurants of your rule, which is your cooling.
10:13:750Michele De Carli: Okay? Of course, here in this case, we have just internal gates, we are not considering solar radiation, we are not considering the outdoor structures, and…
10:24:140Michele De Carli: But the principle is the same. You have a solicitation, which is the game, and you have a response of the rule, which is the cooling load. The cooling load, as you can see, is the power which is required by your cooling system.
10:38:860Michele De Carli: And, as you can see, the power that you need to cool your room will be less than the 18, which should be the
10:47:860Michele De Carli: cooling power that you don't estimate in case of steady-state condition. If you would look just a steady-state condition, you have the heat gain, okay, you could consider just the heat gain, but you are overestimating, okay, the cooling load, okay? How much? Well, it depends, okay, but let's say that
11:07:690Michele De Carli: In this case, it's not that relevant, okay, but it might be relevant when we will see the solar radiation and so on, because in that case, you might have 2, 3, 4 times, okay, the power, the cooling power, and then it means that you will have a
11:22:420Michele De Carli: the children, which will be 4 times bigger, electricity, 4 times bigger, and so on. Okay, so…
11:28:510Michele De Carli: The cooling… the cooling method requires a dynamic understanding, okay, a dynamic behavior, obviously, in order to, not, to avoid,
11:44:350Michele De Carli: Polarization, okay, of the cooling load.
11:49:100Michele De Carli: Okay? Is it clear?
11:52:420Michele De Carli: gay?
11:53:800Michele De Carli: All right, so this is, let's say, the introduction. So we are seeing how to manage the entire dance, okay, which is part of the joke, which is part of the… of the work, okay? But it's not like… it's not just like this, okay?
12:10:660Michele De Carli: So what we have to consider, okay, is, and this is the other simplification that we do, we can consider separately, okay, we can consider the different contributions, okay, so we can split the different contribution.
12:25:270Michele De Carli: And we can sum them hour by hour, okay? So what we are going to do is a hourly-based calculation, so what we are going to do are 24 calculation the day.
12:37:590Michele De Carli: And for each hour, we have to consider the, we have to consider, the internal gains, not gas, so…
12:49:400Michele De Carli: And… the internal gains, okay? And we have seen
12:55:710Michele De Carli: Let's say, in… in general, how we can calculate them, okay? Then we didn't see the detail, but we see… we have seen the concept, okay, we have seen how to manage this webinar gains, okay?
13:08:600Michele De Carli: We have the infiltration gains, okay, from the…
13:14:970Michele De Carli: openings, okay, and the… due to the fact that we have no… we might have no tight conditions, okay?
13:27:100Michele De Carli: We have the flow rate of ventilation, okay?
13:33:250Michele De Carli: In case we have mechanical ventilation, okay?
13:36:820Michele De Carli: We have the conduction flow, okay, which are related to the OPEC
13:46:00Michele De Carli: walls, and the window glasses. Glasses, okay, so to the glasses, and we will see, and we had also the sauna.
13:55:550Michele De Carli: So we have to consider, let's say, these six contributions, okay? If we have no mechanical ventilation, then, okay, the QG, the ventilation.
14:08:320Michele De Carli: coefficient, the master rate for ventilation will be low, but in any case, okay, in general, we should consider… we should consider this, okay?
14:20:570Michele De Carli: No, that's secret. Okay.
14:22:570Michele De Carli: All right, that's the one.
14:23:580Michele De Carli: So now, what we are going to see, of course, the most difficult, or most, let's say, complicated parameters are, let's say, these two ones, okay? So these are the two, let's say, main, or most complicated
14:41:360Michele De Carli: items, okay? Window, okay, related window.
14:46:930Michele De Carli: They, the conduction to window.
14:52:60Michele De Carli: For any type of calculation method, okay, even in
14:58:20Michele De Carli: detailed calculation method, even in elementary class for the general software use.
15:04:350Michele De Carli: the window is purely resistant, okay? So there is no capacity. So the windows, they have no capacity, okay? So, it doesn't matter what… how complicated your calculation method is, but in no calculation method, windows are considered
15:22:390Michele De Carli: Just read the UMEG.
15:24:170Michele De Carli: Okay? Just with the consistency, okay? Of course, when we consider the uppermost, in this case, due to the thickness, the dimension, we would consider that.
15:36:590Michele De Carli: Okay?
15:37:930Michele De Carli: Alright, so…
15:41:690Michele De Carli: Let's, have a look at the simple, at the simplest calculation values, okay? So we have the ventilation gain.
15:51:880Michele De Carli: which are… we are talking about sensible, okay? Here, we are not looking at the vapor, okay? Here, we are not… we can split, also in this case, okay? Whatever is your… whichever method you use, okay, even in detail calculation method, you can split
16:10:720Michele De Carli: Sensible load and vapor mass balance and latent load, okay?
16:17:770Michele De Carli: Which would be the next section, okay? So here we talk about just sensible load, okay? Here we are just looking at the temperature difference between the incoming air and the indoor room temperature, which is, again, I would like to
16:35:640Michele De Carli: Recap, 26 degrees. So we consider 26 degrees through all the day, okay?
16:42:620Michele De Carli: We have an iteration game, okay.
16:47:110Michele De Carli: Which are exactly calculated in the same way that we did with the, with the… And…
16:56:730Michele De Carli: in heating. Here, I just want to
17:01:300Michele De Carli: Underlying that the outdoor temperature is fluctuating, okay? So we have to consider how are the different temperatures of the air, okay?
17:10:839Michele De Carli: Due to infiltration, okay?
17:13:970Michele De Carli: which will be, in principle, higher, okay, especially during the day, but in design condition, okay, I want to remark that it is between 23 and 34 degrees C, okay? So, in design condition, overnight, the
17:31:560Michele De Carli: Just for the sensible load, but the ventricle there will do it in principle, okay, B. Economic.
17:41:910Michele De Carli: global, okay, so 3 means… Okay?
17:47:300Michele De Carli: I mean, I'm not telling you any…
17:49:930Michele De Carli: exciting news, okay, because what you do usually in summertime, you open the windows in order to be clean. So it's… it's nature, okay?
18:00:440Michele De Carli: Except the twoings. Okay.
18:08:250Michele De Carli: Windows, okay, you ran of the window, times the surface of the window.
18:13:870Michele De Carli: Do you value me, or you have already separately?
18:16:860Michele De Carli: Okay, because you did already the calculation.
18:19:860Michele De Carli: But you assured it, okay, because it's already something that you have issued, okay, in the… based on the…
18:27:810Michele De Carli: Year age of your house, okay?
18:31:150Michele De Carli: So, and the surface, yeah, don't be calculation.
18:34:200Michele De Carli: Okay?
18:37:860Michele De Carli: Okay, so now what we are going to see is how to manage the
18:44:320Michele De Carli: First, the upper nodes, okay, and then the solid addition and the interval, which are to say, the two
18:53:460Michele De Carli: two of the tenets, okay, there's say more complicated issues, okay? The third one is the heat gain, okay, which we have seen how they work, and I will explain you how to calculate that, okay? But then, as last step, okay?
19:13:210Michele De Carli: Okay, now, what do we have, to consider? Well.
19:19:20Michele De Carli: we have an opaque wall. OPAC wall, okay, means that we need to consider the thickness of the wall.
19:25:680Michele De Carli: Okay, the heaviness of this war increased by the time of the nation, the war. And, of course, we have to consider what happens on the outer side of the world.
19:40:820Michele De Carli: In design conditions, okay? Design conditions, again, I will write, I didn't.
19:47:120Michele De Carli: mentioned that? Oh, well, today, it's like I mentioned it when we talked about the weather condition. Design condition means clear sky condition.
19:55:940Michele De Carli: warmest temperature outside, okay? So, the design conditions are the combination of clear sky condition and album temperature, okay? Again, repeated over the time, so that we have periodic, okay, happening of this… the design, okay?
20:15:760Michele De Carli: more or less, 1 week, 10 days, okay? So that we can consider periodic, cyclical, cyclical conditions.
20:24:190Michele De Carli: So, I'll defend that's room.
20:29:70Michele De Carli: we can calculate it, okay, with the P function that I did show you, okay, which is…
20:35:410Michele De Carli: Which, you can use. Okay.
20:38:520Michele De Carli: And, the, the string from minimum to maximum temperature, okay.
20:45:260Michele De Carli: And then, for the solar radiation, we need to consider the
20:50:520Michele De Carli: orientation of other dogs. That is why it is important
20:55:480Michele De Carli: When you start working with the desired conditions for winter, also to put the orientation, because the orientation, then it's needed in order to understand if this wall
21:06:310Michele De Carli: It's face north, south, east, west, okay, because depending on where it is located, it is projected, okay, then you have different solicitation and different responses from your…
21:18:350Michele De Carli: Okay? Well, because, as you can see here in the very simplified picture.
21:24:310Michele De Carli: We had the combination of diffuse solar radiation, Okay, in clear scan condition.
21:33:30Michele De Carli: And we have the dark next song addition, which is the, the curve, which are the curves, okay, which I…
21:41:520Michele De Carli: Yellow, green, and red. Okay, for, let's say, simplifying, okay, we're gonna simplify it seems…
21:51:970Michele De Carli: stretch of east, south, and west diadation. The overall radiation is the sum of diffuse and
22:01:460Michele De Carli: No pun. So, what we can see is that East will get the maximum solicitation in the early morning, south in
22:12:660Michele De Carli: the… at noontime, but with a smaller solid radiation, because the sun is high, okay, so that we need to consider the projection
22:24:800Michele De Carli: of the solar radiation, okay, on the vertical wall, and being high, the solar radiation, the projection is smaller, okay, so the specific power will be smaller.
22:36:840Michele De Carli: And that was where we have the maximum solicitation in the afternoon.
22:42:20Michele De Carli: And I would like to underline that we have, in correspondence, pursue the maximum outdoor temperature. So, historically, the most critical… most critical condition here, okay, in our latitudes, is the waste magnification, okay?
23:01:710Michele De Carli: Okay, so we need to consider, okay, then the effect from the combined effort of the temperature and the solar radiation. How can we do that?
23:13:660Michele De Carli: What?
23:15:20Michele De Carli: the, the parameter that should be considered, okay, is the so-called solar air temperature. Soil air temperature is an equivalent temperature, or let's say it's the equivalent surface temperature.
23:29:80Michele De Carli: That you can experience when you touch, okay?
23:35:660Michele De Carli: a surface under sunny conditions in summer, okay? So, if you touch a wall, you can feel it warm. If you touch your car, maybe you could be burned, okay? Because… this is the… sorry, too. What is this sort? Well, it's the combination
23:53:650Michele De Carli: The baseline is the outdoor temperature, okay? So you can see here, the blue line is representing the outdoor temperature.
24:02:470Michele De Carli: But then we have to add the contribution of the solar radiation. How can we add this contribution? Well, we need to consider the, the… the incoming
24:15:650Michele De Carli: Solarization in watts per square meter, okay, so the specific power of the solar radiation in watts per square meter.
24:23:270Michele De Carli: We need to consider if there is any shaded object, okay? In principle, we consider to have, let's say, no object, okay?
24:35:120Michele De Carli: You could consider some shading objects, that's what we feel
24:38:830Michele De Carli: We will, in this case, not consider this FH. It's not 0, it's 1, okay? So, 1 means no shape, you know, object, 0. If, for instance, we consider that in the first element.
24:55:520Michele De Carli: Easter.
24:57:220Michele De Carli: So… The, the sun, rises at, the sun rises, usually, in,
25:05:120Michele De Carli: northeast, because we went summer.
25:08:950Michele De Carli: Okay, so, please.
25:11:10Michele De Carli: very much for logos that in the first 2 hours of the day, here we have no sort of a dish. Okay, so in this case, we could consider, okay, that FH could be 0, okay.
25:21:980Michele De Carli: Towards, let's say, 6, 7, tomorrow morning, okay, then when the sun is appearing earlier, okay, then we have some rest days.
25:30:210Michele De Carli: Is it only for dinosaur irrigation, or for global soil? It is usually mainly for dinosaur radiation, but it should be considered for all, okay? For the shading and exciting.
25:43:20Michele De Carli: Close the whole window can never be zero.
25:47:420Michele De Carli: Yes, it can be… it cannot be zero, because then you could have the power diffuse circulation. So, in that case, you could have, let's say, 1 fourth of the solution, because if I look at this window, okay.
26:02:280Michele De Carli: Half of them is here is completely dry, and half of them is here will be accompanied by the sun… by the future surroundings.
26:09:860Michele De Carli: In any case, you don't have to consider FH, okay? So, consider the, your house.
26:19:750Michele De Carli: Okay, with FH1, okay? So you don't consider any tree, any building, okay, any abstraction on the house, okay? So consider…
26:29:70Michele De Carli: If you want to consider the abstractions, you can do it, but you have no additional points. It might be even negative for you, okay? Because here we make simple calculations, okay? So…
26:40:910Michele De Carli: We are here, we are… we are adjusted, okay, we then just to do some, some conservative detail.
26:48:240Michele De Carli: Okay, anyway, FH, you could consider it or not, okay? This would be the, the, the presence of shaving.
27:01:400Michele De Carli: Then we have the social coefficient, okay? So depending on how dark is the color of your wall, then you will have a greater or lower absorptance. So, in principle, the absorbance of the surface, according to the absorption coefficient.
27:20:20Michele De Carli: will affect the absorption of, of solar vision, okay?
27:25:760Michele De Carli: And historically, in all warm climates, okay, you have white painting outside, because… and historically, you wanted to reduce the absorption, so that's okay.
27:37:700Michele De Carli: Here, you could consider different absorptance. You consider, also in this case, simplified calculation, okay, the default absorptance, okay, so you don't have to do
27:49:210Michele De Carli: F, and any additional, estimation?
27:54:660Michele De Carli: What I want just to mention is that we have that the A and the F are, they have no dimensions, okay? So the… from the dimensional, they are dimensionless, okay? I is the,
28:12:770Michele De Carli: Specific power, sorry, radiation, okay.
28:15:960Michele De Carli: And then, if we divide by the conductivity transfer coefficient, okay, which is meter squared Kelvin, sorry.
28:24:120Michele De Carli: watts divided by square meter Kelvin, okay? Then we can see that we have delta T, okay? So, if we divide by HC, which is usually 15 watts per square meter per Kelvin, this is just the convective transfer coefficient, okay?
28:41:20Michele De Carli: Then, okay, you have a delta T in calving, which is the additional temperature, equivalent temperature, that you can consider, okay, from the outer temperature to the
28:54:50Michele De Carli: different lines that you can see here. Okay, so the solicitation is the… so, reptile picture, which is…
29:01:650Michele De Carli: in east, for east orientation, will lead to this maximum temperature here, okay? But also we have a maximum temperature in… relative maximum temperature also in,
29:16:730Michele De Carli: In the afternoon? Okay.
29:19:580Michele De Carli: In south, you have the real, let's say, qualitative curve here, okay, with the maximum temperature more or less at the same time, okay? And in west, you will have the maximum temperature, okay, in the, in the afternoon, okay, where
29:38:830Michele De Carli: You know, pretty much.
29:40:610Michele De Carli: Dick.
29:41:720Michele De Carli: Sun is blowing down, so the…
29:45:300Michele De Carli: Effects of solar radiation will be greater, because the solar radiation will be almost normal.
29:53:780Michele De Carli: Plus the outdoor temperature, which is at maximum depth.
29:57:780Michele De Carli: Okay?
29:59:550Michele De Carli: So this is the solicitation. So this is what happens on the outer surface of your
30:07:580Michele De Carli: Now, what you… so the solicitation is the solar temperature, okay? So it's the equivalent surface temperature that you have.
30:16:340Michele De Carli: What is the effect on the inner part of the moon? Okay, what is the effect on the inner surface? Well, that will be a heat flaps that you will have, so you will have 26 degrees inside, okay?
30:35:800Michele De Carli: So depending on what happens outside, and depending on the time, on the, let's say, delayed time that you have to roll, okay.
30:46:960Michele De Carli: The maximum solicitation that you have outside will reflect or will be, as, let's say, as, a response, okay?
30:59:350Michele De Carli: a maximum heat flux, 2, 3, 4 higher ciliter, because the heat wave has to get passed through the
31:10:200Michele De Carli: sample, okay, which, in principle, is the combination of the thicknesses of the different materials and the specific capacity of the material, and the capacity of the materials, okay?
31:26:170Michele De Carli: And… So…
31:32:920Michele De Carli: heat flux. Heat flux means once per square liter, then we will consider the surface of the upper core. So then, if we consider the heat flux.
31:47:200Michele De Carli: in Latino world.
31:50:640Michele De Carli: Okay, in terms of what's best linked here.
31:55:790Michele De Carli: Then, multiplied by the air, of the whole world.
32:04:370Michele De Carli: which you have already calculated, okay? When you do the design conditions. With that, you have to activate the upper core and the base wall, okay? So, the base surface.
32:16:760Michele De Carli: So that will be already calculated, okay?
32:19:850Michele De Carli: So, in that case, you will add the…
32:22:290Michele De Carli: Power, watts, which are entered into the world, power by hour, okay?
32:29:530Michele De Carli: So, midnight, too.
32:31:820Michele De Carli: or from 1AM to… No!
32:36:990Michele De Carli: It is one way to make the calculation Seeker?
32:43:70Michele De Carli: is to provide some pre-calculated values of these heat flats. How? By means of the equivalent temperature Difference.
32:56:690Michele De Carli: which is…
33:04:550Michele De Carli: the name of this methodology, okay? So the methodology is called Methodology of mean equivalent temperature, In French, because…
33:16:640Michele De Carli: This is how you estimate the incoming collapse from an open world, okay? And this is the easiest way to make this calculation of the transient condition, of the dynamic condition. How?
33:34:520Michele De Carli: Well… by considering the U-value of your mode. Okay, so you are not doing any, let's say.
33:44:470Michele De Carli: iterative process, but you have already calculated the U-value for the Rosari calculation pool, you still use this, okay, and you multiply the U-value, okay, which are once
33:59:710Michele De Carli: That's per meter.
34:01:750Michele De Carli: times the area of the wall times the delta P equivalent
34:08:739Michele De Carli: Okay? So in that way, you are considering the heat entering the room through this off a wall face.
34:18:960Michele De Carli: ESA, for instance, powered by Howard, okay? Of course, we need to
34:26:60Michele De Carli: get the early data of this equivalent temperature difference, okay? So someone has to provide me
34:33:280Michele De Carli: Okay, these menus, but these are provided, okay, and you have an Excel sheet where you have, for the different organ section, you have the equivalent retina.
34:43:690Michele De Carli: So what is this equivalent temperature difference? It's, at the end, the effect that you have on the in. And this equivalent temperature difference is plotted
34:54:480Michele De Carli: Here, okay, but it is provided in terms of table. So, for each hour of the day, okay, you add the… this parameter, which is the equivalent opportunity, right? So, hour by hour, you add this
35:11:810Michele De Carli: equivalent temperature difference, you multiply this equivalent temperature difference times the U-value.
35:18:510Michele De Carli: But you have already calculated it.
35:20:580Michele De Carli: Test the opaque surface of the wall, and you have already calculated it.
35:24:980Michele De Carli: Okay? So this is what you're… you're using the same input that you use for the desired condition parameter, okay? But, in this case, you need to consider this parameter, which is the dynamic.
35:41:480Michele De Carli: He transferred the, like, by conduction in opera worlds, how am I, what do you, okay?
35:48:770Michele De Carli: How can you do this, how are these, so, what are providing us, which are the… And…
35:59:950Michele De Carli: which information brings the relative to prevalent? Well, the prevalent temperature difference has already
36:08:410Michele De Carli: Behind… okay, you don't have to do the calculation of the sort.
36:12:920Michele De Carli: Okay? The better case people, right?
36:15:670Michele De Carli: will already consider the equivalent surface temperature. Okay. It depends on the…
36:29:950Michele De Carli: bad example, sorry, because I had…
36:33:110Michele De Carli: But it, depends on…
36:38:410Michele De Carli: the orientation, okay? So it needs to… the maximum
36:44:340Michele De Carli: The maximum response will be the maximum
36:50:200Michele De Carli: equivalent temporal difference, which will be delayed, okay, maybe at 10, 11 in the afternoon, okay?
37:00:50Michele De Carli: Also, okay, the shameful piece that accurately be smoother with respect to the solicitation. Okay, so if you measure.
37:09:960Michele De Carli: The incoming influx outside, and you're measuring the…
37:13:860Michele De Carli: Okay, outside. And you're measuring the heat flats here, okay, you will see that there will be, okay, a smooth, behavior of
37:26:80Michele De Carli: On either wall, because of the thickness of the wall of the terminal, okay? This is the usual peak shingle that you have any time you consider the capacity of the system, okay? In electric system, in
37:42:540Michele De Carli: dynamic system in thermodynamics, okay? So, of course, this is the… so you have a pattern of the equivalent in Eastern, you will have a pattern in
37:55:120Michele De Carli: south, okay, and you will have a pattern in west. Okay, so this is, if you plot the equivalent surface temperature, sorry, the delta T equivalent to the
38:08:710Michele De Carli: If we are temporary defense, okay, you will get more or less, let's say this, okay, these, values here, okay?
38:17:700Michele De Carli: How can you then calculate… so, how can you estimate this delta equivalent? Well, of course, you will have different
38:29:500Michele De Carli: Different equivalent temperature difference.
38:32:510Michele De Carli: for different orientations. So, what we need to consider is the orientation of your wall, okay? So, depending on the orientation of the wall, if it's east, west, south, north, north, west, or…
38:46:210Michele De Carli: That's it now, okay? You have different solicitation and different, okay, effective rules, okay? So, different shape, so different equivalent temperature difference. But the equivalent temperature difference is also
39:01:410Michele De Carli: a question of thermal capacity, okay, of the stuff. In principle, RSA,
39:10:430Michele De Carli: Yes, in principle. The permanent nature of the wall should be the combo of the
39:17:870Michele De Carli: the weight and the specificity. Okay, so no capacity usually, okay, for each element.
39:35:870Michele De Carli: The whole battery capacity is Prod times, okay? This is the usual volumetric capacity, so kilogram per meter.
39:45:10Michele De Carli: Okay, Jules, we're gonna tell you.
39:48:990Michele De Carli: Okay, so Virginia?
39:51:360Michele De Carli: This is, okay, the volumetric capacity of your material, okay? So you should consider different materials in the… and then you have to consider the
40:04:750Michele De Carli: thicknesses of the different materials. So, if you consider raw sea and thickness, then what you will have will be the joule, where square interf.
40:17:360Michele De Carli: Can you? Okay.
40:19:210Michele De Carli: So it's the RL, okay, so it's, say, the capacity per surface area of your wall, okay? So, specific facility capacity. And if you sum them, okay, you will get, you need, you will get them.
40:38:810Michele De Carli: In this case, okay, there is a…
40:45:870Michele De Carli: Okay, not a certification, okay, you're just not securing the weight.
40:50:620Michele De Carli: This will even not consider the specific heat of each material, but just the weight of the strap, okay? Why? Because in the past, okay, in almost all materials, the specific heat, okay, is more or less
41:08:730Michele De Carli: They have the original criteria.
41:13:340Michele De Carli: Or measured, it could be 8 times, 100, 1,000, more or less, apart the wood, okay, which is used today, unfortunately.
41:21:930Michele De Carli: Where you had 4,000, okay. Apart the wood, okay, all the materials that are used in buildings, they are, let's say, in the range of 800, 1,000, okay, from 0.8 to 1 kilojou can.
41:38:230Michele De Carli: So that is why there was this… So in this case, you just can't see that the aerialness of the
41:46:830Michele De Carli: So this is, okay, at the end, an example of equivalent temperature difference, okay?
41:55:210Michele De Carli: for, I think it's wise, okay? So you can see that, depending on the
42:04:290Michele De Carli: Depending on the weight of the structure, okay?
42:08:420Michele De Carli: So, for light structure, the maximum is a matter of…
42:17:120Michele De Carli: Well, I'm not sure it is West, but anyway. It's met at 2 p.m. Remember, this is summertime, okay?
42:29:550Michele De Carli: underneath.
42:32:340Michele De Carli: Nothing happens, but actually, this solar tide, not the… not the legal time, okay?
42:38:140Michele De Carli: If we increase the mass of the wall, okay, you can see that the peak
42:46:120Michele De Carli: will decrease, okay, the peak will decrease, and also the, the shape of the, of the curve will be shorter, okay, maybe, okay, you can see that you will have, okay, let's say, almost constant magnitude, okay?
43:06:240Michele De Carli: Sold.
43:08:120Michele De Carli: I wanted to show you here an answer.
43:12:700Michele De Carli: I had to restart the computer, but okay.
43:20:250Michele De Carli: I'm trying to see…
43:25:510Michele De Carli: I have to share an ironic, okay?
43:29:760Michele De Carli: Alright, so… I don't know if you can see that here, I have to do this.
43:38:730Michele De Carli: the MacBook?
43:45:600Michele De Carli: I need to miss your patrika in that dresser.
43:49:710Michele De Carli: Okay.
43:51:30Michele De Carli: Share.
43:54:500Michele De Carli: Okay, now you can see that here.
43:58:300Michele De Carli: Hoodie?
44:02:420Michele De Carli: All right, so, this is the equivalent, so you can see, this is X and phi that you have, okay, and you…
44:13:320Michele De Carli: You… no, you can't use it, you have to use it, okay.
44:19:90Michele De Carli: Here, you see, there is from 6 AM to 5 AM, okay?
44:24:680Michele De Carli: And here you have the different values. So in case you have northeast, east, southeast.
44:31:270Michele De Carli: southwest, west, northwest, and north, okay? And this is for horizontal surface. I told you the roof, you should consider a horizontal. It doesn't matter if it's inclined, okay? But you just consider a horizontal.
44:44:480Michele De Carli: Okay? And you consider this, okay, solid, sunny condition. Ombra is shady, okay?
44:52:630Michele De Carli: And horizontal is horizontal, okay?
44:59:380Michele De Carli: Okay, so here you can see that for each orientation, you have different values of the peak of the heaviness of material, so 100, 300, 500, 700 kilograms per
45:15:20Michele De Carli: square meter, okay? So this is the RL, the total mass for the RL mass of your two, okay? You could do the calculation.
45:26:150Michele De Carli: Or you could assume to have, okay, a standard, like, 500 kilograms, or 300. You could select one of them, it's up to you. You don't need to do the calculation. If you want, you can do the calculation in order to calculate the
45:40:580Michele De Carli: Our nation?
45:42:500Michele De Carli: No additional point for this part.
45:45:520Michele De Carli: But no negative policy. Like, the numbers? These are the equivalent temperature difference, you can see it. Yeah, the mass, the frontal mass.
45:57:860Michele De Carli: The proton mass is this one here, sorry.
46:01:320Michele De Carli: Is this… sorry, is here.
46:06:270Michele De Carli: Is the… you should consider variable here, so you should consider the parent frequencies of the mold, and the materials, the density of each material, so you can sum up… you multiply the thickness of the material in meters by the density of the material in kilograms per cubic meter.
46:25:550Michele De Carli: Here, then the RLAS official, and you should add the different NASA reference.
46:35:230Michele De Carli: You can do that.
46:36:770Michele De Carli: If she won't.
46:38:30Michele De Carli: You have no optional points.
46:40:220Michele De Carli: Then that could be a good exercise for you. No negative points, okay, because this could be an intelligent
46:48:890Michele De Carli: Exercise, okay? And at the end, you end up with the areas of the… Oh, European.
46:58:620Michele De Carli: Let me just, tell you, okay, that,
47:04:320Michele De Carli: that I would listen, okay? So, that, the… That, that, that… Okay, they…
47:19:530Michele De Carli: If you have questions, you can ask me,
47:22:360Michele De Carli: Hey, questions? I was wondering, how, retrieve, the assets of labor.
47:31:410Michele De Carli: I mean, if you want, you can check, but if you don't, you can put 300 or 500, if that's fine.
47:38:650Michele De Carli: Yes. Did you do amazing? I'm like, fuck it.
47:44:580Michele De Carli: So you can ask your colleagues who did the Amazon. In principle, the U-value, you just select one U-value depending on the age.
47:54:790Michele De Carli: In principle, you should consider each layer, the U value should be calculated layer by layer, and you know the thickness and the lambda, the layer, but then the…
48:05:630Michele De Carli: the lambda is usually associated also to the density. Diversity, internal computability, they are still correct. If you want, you can do that.
48:19:50Michele De Carli: Okay? If you have doubts, ask your colleagues, don't ask them, okay? Okay.
48:23:500Michele De Carli: Anyway, yeah, just one point, okay, then we'll finish this part.
48:28:980Michele De Carli: I want to remind that, of course, the… Yes, I didn't show you, but anyway, the… you can see that the maximum… you can see that the maximum equivalent temperature, you can see.
48:41:580Michele De Carli: is in correspondence of a high value, or a low value of RMS, okay, so here you can see the Easter, you can see, for 100 kilograms per square meter is 19, okay, degrees C.
48:56:670Michele De Carli: Okay? Which means that you have an equivalent.
49:01:490Michele De Carli: in the equivalent temperature inside of, let's say, 26 plus 19, sorry, outside, okay. And in west, for instance, okay, you can see it's, it's, it's, it's 26, okay? 26.
49:19:440Michele De Carli: So it's 7 degrees C return. Anyway, I would like to remarket that the equivalent temperature difference is, of course, function also of the overall flux is function of the surface, but also…
49:35:140Michele De Carli: Normally.
49:36:460Michele De Carli: you multiply this value by the U-value. What does it mean? It means that, basically, if you have a low U-value.
49:44:240Michele De Carli: Yeah, the Australian mold.
49:46:430Michele De Carli: heat flux due to the propag walls, okay? So this was, as a matter of fact, the…
49:54:740Michele De Carli: in cabinet flaps through the open doors. It's particularly,
50:04:630Michele De Carli: is an issue, particularly with old structures, okay, where you have high yield values, okay? In this case, they transmitted
50:14:300Michele De Carli: It flaps through the walls is… can be relevant, okay?
50:20:430Michele De Carli: But, in, in, modern buildings, okay, the…
50:25:60Michele De Carli: U-value is so low that the transmitted solar radiation, or the transmitted reflux, is not really much affected by the solvents. Okay, so the OPEC wall, contribution is limited today, because we use
50:43:350Michele De Carli: loan you back.
50:45:130Michele De Carli: Okay, and this is somehow also included in the calculation method, so-called equivalent.
50:52:40Michele De Carli: temperature difference, named also Carrier, because Carrier, who made then the company Carrier, okay, when he was younger, then he divided this method, which is also called carrier.
51:05:100Michele De Carli: Gay?
51:07:790Michele De Carli: Okay, so we… submitted.
51:12:240Michele De Carli: Okay?
51:13:550Michele De Carli: Thank you.