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00:01:440Michele De Carli: All right, so, for the visit in Milan, okay, there, I think it is available right now, so you can,
00:11:910Michele De Carli: Logina?
00:22:890Michele De Carli: It's always the, the, the green, pretty serious, yeah.
00:27:350Michele De Carli: Mine not good.
00:31:750Michele De Carli: So, then…
00:38:200Michele De Carli: Yeah, so you can log in, okay, and register in so that I can try to book the bus, okay? I also will use the list of you in order to book the… or to reserve the tickets for
00:54:250Michele De Carli: Which are, which are,
00:59:720Michele De Carli: Gentry provided by ICAR and their companies. Okay, so, we were here yesterday, so I was,
01:12:690Michele De Carli: Mr. Okamo. Sorry, just a minute.
01:15:180Michele De Carli: One moment, please.
01:20:00Michele De Carli: Yeah, okay…
01:23:980Michele De Carli: Yeah. So, we, we're here, so we, we're, talking… I was just introducing the fact that we have
01:34:670Michele De Carli: Then, an overall surface heat transfer coefficient, okay, which is the combination of radial transfer coefficient and combative transfer coefficient.
01:47:320Michele De Carli: So, in this way, we can consider also the heat exchange between the surface, the inner surface, and the indoor environment.
02:00:450Michele De Carli: And the outer surface, and the outer environment.
02:04:220Michele De Carli: Okay?
02:05:380Michele De Carli: So in this way, we are able to, by means, of course, I would like to remind you that the… the reciprocal of the, of the…
02:20:480Michele De Carli: The reciprocal of
02:22:890Michele De Carli: the heat exchange, okay, the surface heat exchange, is a resistance. So, this way, we can build up the overall resistance of the wall, okay, by considering
02:37:460Michele De Carli: Yo que lento.
02:39:320Michele De Carli: Okay? They…
02:41:330Michele De Carli: the series of resistances that can be added, okay, in order to have the overall resistance, okay? And in this way, we are able…
02:56:320Michele De Carli: Anyhow.
02:57:620Michele De Carli: We are able, okay, to provide a little resistance, or it's the internal self-resistance?
03:06:420Michele De Carli: Plus the sum of the different levels that we have in the wall, okay?
03:13:280Michele De Carli: And, so to be considered a different thinking, seriously, the…
03:19:370Michele De Carli: polar conductivities of the different materials, we sum up all these resistances, and we end up with an overall resistance. So, the overall equation is
03:33:180Michele De Carli: Then, represented by the glow resistors of this, however, here, and…
03:41:180Michele De Carli: So, the overall, the heat flux that is going from inside towards outside, okay, is the surface of the considered elementary that we have times the temperature difference.
04:00:620Michele De Carli: Between inside and outside.
04:05:00Michele De Carli: Dividing by their own.
04:07:290Michele De Carli: Resistance, okay, so there's no resistance, again, use square meter, then you divided by watts, okay? So…
04:19:140Michele De Carli: By 1, this is the resistance, the surface is square meter, and the delta, if you scan, so that
04:26:410Michele De Carli: At the end, we have the power that is, that is, going out
04:33:160Michele De Carli: Or through the, consider all element, or indoors.
04:41:10Michele De Carli: But usually, we don't use the overall resistance, we use the U-value, okay, which is, let's say, the…
04:50:20Michele De Carli: give the, same fraction, which is 1 divided by, say.
04:55:760Michele De Carli: total resistance, and in this case, of course, it is the reciprocal of this
05:00:480Michele De Carli: In terms of the lengths, okay, so it's expressing what's textbooks. So the new value is what we used in…
05:11:820Michele De Carli: Okay?
05:14:130Michele De Carli: since the 90s, it's called U-value, before it was called K, okay, as only
05:20:550Michele De Carli: overall heat master proficiencies for what usually are used in translation. But, I mean, from the 90s, it was decided to name it as U. U-value is the test of the day.
05:34:710Michele De Carli: Which means, Dad.
05:37:220Michele De Carli: Power that can be.
05:39:620Michele De Carli: Can be, can pass through.
05:42:990Michele De Carli: A certain element divided by the surface area, and for each…
05:49:430Michele De Carli: Calum of temperature difference between inside and outside.
05:53:820Michele De Carli: Now, I want to, I want to… yesterday I told you that I want to make a…
06:01:290Michele De Carli: I want to, open a little bit,
06:05:90Michele De Carli: a window, okay, on looking at more… more in detail at the, the heat exchange that we have between the surface and especially the inner environment, okay, because then we will use this
06:21:710Michele De Carli: we will, we will, use, this, let's say, general and theoretical, introduction, then when we will talk about the radial systems, okay? So, we have said that we
06:38:280Michele De Carli: We… we have… we consider the rolleric transfer coefficient.
06:45:830Michele De Carli: Okay… Let me breathe, because I'm not…
06:49:770Michele De Carli: used to way too much when I write, okay? So, we have…
06:58:180Michele De Carli: Okay, the surface, so here we have the temperature of the surface, and here we have the temperature of the indoor environment.
07:06:450Michele De Carli: This is the H.
07:08:470Michele De Carli: knocked.
07:09:470Michele De Carli: Okay, so the total heat transfer coefficient.
07:12:560Michele De Carli: Which, as I told you, is H…
07:15:550Michele De Carli: R plus HC. So, the sum of the convection heat transfer coefficient, okay, and the
07:25:260Michele De Carli: convective heat transfer coefficient. In the room, we are just considering the operative temperature, okay? So we are not… we are not considering, we are not considering anything but the, operative temperature.
07:41:70Michele De Carli: So,
07:44:430Michele De Carli: I would like to, again, remark or recall, that HR is cost, and so HR, okay, which is, let's say, sigma.
07:58:660Michele De Carli: Yes, 4 times sigma TN.
08:02:820Michele De Carli: Okay, to the third, this is, okay.
08:06:530Michele De Carli: almost cost, it's constant, and you can consider it 5.5, okay, HR, okay, so in transfer, service transfer, so what's per square meter per care.
08:18:990Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is the… Value that we have for the
08:25:530Michele De Carli: Right now, keep exchange with me.
08:28:560Michele De Carli: And that is not okay, so it doesn't matter if we have, you know, vertical wall, if we have to study the floor, if you want to study the ceiling, and any type of temporal difference that we have. So, old wall, warm wall, whole ceiling, warm ceiling, and so on.
08:48:750Michele De Carli: But the convective heat exchange coefficient, okay, is dependent on the, you know, the velocity and the
09:01:960Michele De Carli: and the, and the temperature. So, but let's say that we could consider mainly the velocity, okay? So.
09:10:820Michele De Carli: It is different if we consider that in a horizontal surface, if it is faced upwards or downwards with respect to the indoor environment or the
09:24:50Michele De Carli: Okay? Why? Because the air movement that we have, okay, will affect the heat transfer coefficient, okay? So, let me just tell you or explain you how and why.
09:38:190Michele De Carli: So, let's start with the radiant. So, let's start with the floor. So, let's start with the horizontal surface, okay?
09:47:360Michele De Carli: that we might have, also, the floor. Imagine that the temperature of the floor
09:53:880Michele De Carli: Is greater than the room temperature, than the air temperature.
09:59:450Michele De Carli: Okay, so what you have, basically, is that the air is…
10:05:60Michele De Carli: is exchanging heat with the floor. Of course, the floor is
10:11:440Michele De Carli: higher, is, sorry, is warmer than the air, so that means that the air will warm up. And you know that by biology aspect, okay, the
10:22:210Michele De Carli: Density of the air will decrease if the temperature of the air will increase, so that the air will, okay, will…
10:32:780Michele De Carli: go by natural ventilation, by natural convection, sorry, by the effect will, okay, go, on the top of the room.
10:44:20Michele De Carli: And, by this, let's say, there is more movement, but still movement, okay.
10:52:780Michele De Carli: Then, new air, new cold air will be, okay, will get in touch with the floor, okay, so, and the warm air, which will, let's say, be heated up and will go on the top of the room, okay.
11:10:300Michele De Carli: Then, when it will reach some cold surfaces, we come down, Amen.
11:18:920Michele De Carli: And in this way, you have an enhanced, let's say, convection, okay, so that you can imagine that you have a natural convection, which is, let's say, promoted by the water.
11:32:920Michele De Carli: Okay? As I told you, we are not talking about, really, visible or sensitive movements, okay? You should not feel this fear, okay?
11:45:450Michele De Carli: But, this will promote a short-term, convection, and in this case, we can consider the, we can consider the, heat transfer coefficient to be, let's say.
12:04:880Michele De Carli: relevant, okay? What does it mean? Well, it means that in this case, if we had a warm floor, we might reach the same.
12:15:300Michele De Carli: Value, okay, for the combative heat transfer coefficient that we have for the regular heat transfer coefficient.
12:21:170Michele De Carli: So, if we have, then, a… More floor.
12:32:700Michele De Carli: One floor?
12:36:10Michele De Carli: Okay, we have… then, let's say, HC will get 5.5 watts.
12:44:880Michele De Carli: Per square meter.
12:47:640Michele De Carli: Okay, okay?
12:50:740Michele De Carli: Now, imagine that, in this case, okay, sorry, imagine that instead we have…
13:03:240Michele De Carli: that the floor, instead of the warmer than the air, is colder than the air. So the temperature in the floor is smaller than the
13:14:350Michele De Carli: the temperature of the air. So in that case.
13:17:950Michele De Carli: the air which is getting in contact with the floor, okay, will be cooled down, okay? And in this case, okay, the…
13:25:910Michele De Carli: density of the air will increase, so it will not… so it will stay mainly, okay, on the bottom part of the room, okay? So in that case.
13:38:190Michele De Carli: you have not this enhanced movement by buoyancy effect that you had when you… when we considered the warm floor. Okay, so in this case, the velocity, so…
13:49:240Michele De Carli: the movement, air movement of… by convection, by nature of convection, will be much less than what we got for the worm. So, with the cold floor, okay, with the cold floor.
14:07:690Michele De Carli: No more.
14:10:20Michele De Carli: Okay, then, it will be much lower, okay? So, HC, okay, based on the…
14:22:920Michele De Carli: Would say actual data, but the data are…
14:25:930Michele De Carli: are quite, 20 or 30 years ago, okay? So the, the, the, the cold floor is, will reach to 1.5, okay, watts per square meter per caring, so the heat transfer coefficient is…
14:43:620Michele De Carli: One-third of the heat transfer coefficient, or even four times, yes, four times less than, than, the heat exchange coefficient that we have, but…
14:57:400Michele De Carli: When we consider the one.
14:59:220Michele De Carli: Now, what happens if instead we are considering the opposite surface? So, if we are considering the ceiling? So, in this case, let's start with a cold ceiling first, okay? So, if we have a cold ceiling.
15:19:400Michele De Carli: If we have a cold ceiling, imagine that the air which is getting in touch, okay, in contact with the cold ceiling, then we'll cool down, and of course, by cooling down, the density will
15:32:250Michele De Carli: increase, so that the air will go to the bottom part of the room, okay? And, and then, more air will be, let's say.
15:44:520Michele De Carli: We'll go on the top side of the roof, because we could have also some
15:50:440Michele De Carli: warm elements, warm walls, okay? So, in that case, we have a kind of convection air movement, as we had for the warm
16:04:280Michele De Carli: Okay, so the cold sealing leads to a similar, let's say, air movement, okay?
16:11:130Michele De Carli: as what we got in the case of warm flow. And, as a matter of fact, the heat transfer coefficient viewed by convection
16:21:360Michele De Carli: In this case, it's similar, or equivalent, to the one that we had in
16:28:800Michele De Carli: In for the worm… for the womb. So it's, again, 5.5 watts per square.
16:35:810Michele De Carli: gay?
16:37:480Michele De Carli: The four case is the worm seating, okay, so in case of worm seating.
16:44:410Michele De Carli: In this case, instead, we have a similar
16:49:670Michele De Carli: The opposite effort, that we had with the code floor, okay, so the…
16:55:320Michele De Carli: Air getting in touch with the worm seating, okay?
17:00:200Michele De Carli: will heat up, and in this case, by having lower density, we'll, okay, tend to stay on the top side of the room. Okay, so in that case, you will know
17:12:670Michele De Carli: And a nice movement, okay, by convection, as you had.
17:16:470Michele De Carli: In the other case, in the case of policy.
17:20:700Michele De Carli: So, also, for the warm ceiling, you could expect to have a very small, okay, speed, velocity air movement by natural convection.
17:32:10Michele De Carli: The… Only, thing that is changing is that based on the, let's say, existing literature, okay,
17:51:470Michele De Carli: We are not able to explain why, okay, but let's say that based on the literature, so on the measurements that are present in literature, okay, basically, the convectivity transfer coefficient in case of warm seating.
18:08:610Michele De Carli: okay, is not equal to the one on the cold floor, but is much smaller. Okay, so in that case, it is more or less 0.5,
18:19:100Michele De Carli: watts per square meter per carry, okay? So, don't ask me why, okay, but based on the measurements, then, based on the results that we have per meter, based on measurement, okay?
18:32:310Michele De Carli: This is the, the… this is the, let's say, the state of the atom, the heat transfer coefficient by conduction.
18:40:380Michele De Carli: Okay?
18:43:290Michele De Carli: The last point, or the last surface that we have to consider is the vertical wall, okay? So, in case of vertical wall, okay.
19:04:450Michele De Carli: We're going here.
19:08:820Michele De Carli: Okay?
19:10:730Michele De Carli: For the vertical wall, we have that it is not relevant if we have a wall or a cold wall, okay, but the heat transfer coefficient is the same.
19:22:100Michele De Carli: And it is in between, let's say, these… the values that we have seen before. So, in that case, okay, we have…
19:29:650Michele De Carli: that for a vertical wall, okay, it doesn't matter if it's heated or cooled, the HC is equal to 2.5, okay, approximately watts per square meter per carry.
19:40:710Michele De Carli: Okay?
19:43:580Michele De Carli: So, I will do that here because Maybe I can…
19:53:630Michele De Carli: Okay, so…
20:02:920Michele De Carli: floor.
20:12:400Michele De Carli: more gold.
20:45:640Michele De Carli: Okay?
20:52:180Michele De Carli: Number one?
20:53:280Michele De Carli: Selene?
21:11:490Michele De Carli: I suspect that's… It's not relevant, okay?
21:17:150Michele De Carli: warm and cold.
21:20:250Michele De Carli: So, we said, warm floor.
21:23:810Michele De Carli: 5.5, cold floor 1.5, warm ceiling 0.5, cold ceiling 5.5, 2.5, and 2.5, okay?
21:36:320Michele De Carli: So… HR is always 5.5.
21:48:470Michele De Carli: So this sum will lead to 11.
21:51:420Michele De Carli: 7.
21:52:760Michele De Carli: 6… 8.
21:57:280Michele De Carli: Okay, so these are the overall coefficients that we have for the different, let's say, layers for the different, for the different,
22:10:850Michele De Carli: Location of the public.
22:13:140Michele De Carli: Again, we won't go, so we will, so I just, introduced here this concept, okay? We will come back to this point when we will talk about the radiant system, okay?
22:28:190Michele De Carli: So usually what you have to understand is that usually the inner heat transfer coefficient that is used for calculating the U values of the transmuters of the world is, let's say, 8.
22:41:440Michele De Carli: are in between 7 and 8, but let's say 8, or 4,000 red. So it's… so the resistance, okay, is 1 divided by 8,
22:56:790Michele De Carli: Sometimes 030, okay, what I mean?
22:59:690Michele De Carli: It's, it's, it's normatively so.
23:03:940Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is the internal surface instance, okay? I don't want to go in detail on that, but the standard surface instance is in the ring, let's say, is
23:14:980Michele De Carli: Usually, 35 watts. That's probably not applicable, because in that case, the air movement is much greater, so on the outer environment, okay, the outer air is usually
23:28:110Michele De Carli: at a higher speed than the inner velocity, okay? Anyway, that's… Or, okay…
23:39:250Michele De Carli: So, you don't have to do the calculation, so adjust, adjust the
23:47:410Michele De Carli: want to remark that you don't have to calculate, okay, the U-value of your wall, of your house, okay? If you want, you can do that, but you will not have additional points, okay? So, what we are going to… what we are going to use
24:06:380Michele De Carli: is this table here. Okay, so that I will introduce this table, and then you will use these values, okay? So…
24:15:80Michele De Carli: The U-value. The U-value is the reciprocal of the resistance. The greater the thermal resistance, the smaller the heat flux. So, that means that the greater the U-value, the greater the heat flux. Okay, so greater.
24:31:380Michele De Carli: U-value means that the world will transfer a lot of heat, okay, by conduction.
24:41:750Michele De Carli: Through their wall, okay.
24:45:700Michele De Carli: And you can see that these are the typical values that we have for walls, windows, roof, floor…
24:54:940Michele De Carli: moving problems.
24:58:770Michele De Carli: Let's skip this one here, okay, bye.
25:02:330Michele De Carli: By now.
25:04:990Michele De Carli: Okay? So you can see, the old buildings, they had very high U-values, okay? So…
25:14:380Michele De Carli: In all buildings, the… the… the…
25:18:330Michele De Carli: The walls were, let's say, not particularly selected.
25:22:460Michele De Carli: Okay, which is reflected, okay, in a high U-value, okay? The U-value at the end, the power, the approximately going outside is the surface, times the U value times the latency between the sun and outside.
25:39:350Michele De Carli: If this is high, then also the heat flats will be higher, okay? So…
25:46:880Michele De Carli: In the 60s, 70s, okay, these are the typical values for Windows, okay? So Windows 6, okay, 3 in the 70s, okay?
25:58:910Michele De Carli: More or less, wars were 1.5, 1, okay, 0.8. In the 90s, we, so starting from the 70s, we had some limitations in the, in the energy, in meetings, okay? The national low 3, okay?
26:17:150Michele De Carli: After the oil crisis of the 73.
26:22:280Michele De Carli: Then in the 90… in 1991, we had an additional restriction due to the national 991, okay?
26:34:140Michele De Carli: And then in 2005, we had an additional restriction, which was related to the
26:40:630Michele De Carli: to the first European performance building directive, okay, the first OPPD. Okay, and then we, these are more or less the representations. So.
26:51:250Michele De Carli: You don't have to calculate, okay? So you don't have to go and check which are the thicknesses of the materials and the volatility of the materials, which…
27:00:930Michele De Carli: I think if you usually do, okay, but you skip it, because…
27:04:310Michele De Carli: I don't want to spend time on that, okay? Here!
27:09:910Michele De Carli: For your house, what you have to select is depending on the time, on the age, okay? On the…
27:17:410Michele De Carli: period of construction of your house, you will select these values here, okay? So you don't still have just two sets. If your house is from 19765, then you select this values here, okay? If your house is from the 1995, you will select this here, okay? If it's a relatively new house.
27:37:260Michele De Carli: You can either decide this for this, okay?
27:42:10Michele De Carli: So you don't have to go and calculate that, okay? So, your value, okay, is used to calculate the crux that is going from
27:53:390Michele De Carli: wall, by using the U value of the wall, by the window, by considering the U value and the… okay, and of course, you have to consider the surface of your wall and your room.
28:05:250Michele De Carli: Okay, so… Alright, so what we say right now, okay, is…
28:12:920Michele De Carli: Here, so what you should do, you should consider all the outer surfaces, okay, which are, let's say, responsible to the interaction, okay, so to the infrastructure between those ions of the power that is,
28:31:370Michele De Carli: is going out from your envelope, and these are the so-called transmission losses, okay? Transmission losses means losses that are, okay, related to the heat flux to wall windows, and so on.
28:45:520Michele De Carli: From inner, from inner towards us, okay?
28:50:450Michele De Carli: And you… so what you have to do, you have to, to consider all the surfaces that you are facing outside, and for all these surfaces, you have to multiply the environment by the surface, and when you sum up all these surfaces, you will get the so-called heat.
29:09:630Michele De Carli: the… the transmission loss proficient H. And so H8 is the… Rosa.
29:20:70Michele De Carli: of the surface, and the U value.
29:23:190Michele De Carli: Your value is watts per square meter of the cabin.
29:28:470Michele De Carli: Surface is square metered, so that the product is Watson. Okay?
29:38:930Michele De Carli: So, they… Transmission, he'd lost her feature, okay.
29:45:200Michele De Carli: Each day.
29:47:330Michele De Carli: Power that is… Outlawing from the…
29:52:130Michele De Carli: Indoor environment to the outdoor air, okay?
29:56:60Michele De Carli: Through the envelope?
29:58:770Michele De Carli: For each temperature difference, or each degree of temperature difference, you can find out.
30:04:750Michele De Carli: Okay, so it is a question of how the medium is the remaining, and also the shape, let's say, at the beginning of the surface that are, okay, they are separating the…
30:20:10Michele De Carli: In order to get… So this is the first type of, iterals that we have, so the power that we are… that we, are, that is laying out.
30:31:560Michele De Carli: house. The other lawsu, the other power that you need to consider is the contrary loss, okay? Because, as I told… as we are seeing, we have fascia, okay.
30:42:980Michele De Carli: We have now, we have the windows open, we have this… Very…
30:48:730Michele De Carli: And with all this year, there is a time which is… it's not working, okay, and I don't know if you can see the pink.
30:57:50Michele De Carli: towards some of them in the past, okay? Anyway, we have some, let's say, ventilation, support ventilation process.
31:06:130Michele De Carli: Okay, so the ventilation losses, how they are calculated, okay? Well, enthalpy in transit in certain mass, okay, so it's relatively simple. We have to assume a certain mass flow rate, okay?
31:21:220Michele De Carli: And in this case, we have the mass flow rate in kilograms per second times the secret, which is
31:28:160Michele De Carli: jewelry. So… M dot is kilogram per circle, okay?
31:35:560Michele De Carli: CP is jouled by Chinese graduates, okay? And we have that P, which is flattened.
31:44:650Michele De Carli: So in this case, we have cabin pair with theta, so we have that and dot CT vector, okay? So we have watts, okay, so that will lead to oxygen per second, okay?
31:59:610Michele De Carli: Of course, if we consider just the product.
32:03:640Michele De Carli: of the mass flow rate and the CP, okay, the product of mass flow rate.
32:10:30Michele De Carli: Aussie paint news!
32:12:90Michele De Carli: You know, that's gonna say, huh?
32:14:660Michele De Carli: 3 times June, but healed up.
32:19:580Michele De Carli: Again, it's water.
32:22:160Michele De Carli: Yeah, we asked?
32:26:540Michele De Carli: Meh?
32:28:200Michele De Carli: transition, because coefficient, okay? So, the… the dimension that we use for HP are the same.
32:38:140Michele De Carli: of the last that we have for the product, and Dr. TimesC, so that we call this
32:45:590Michele De Carli: ventilation pre-trust proficient, okay, so the ventilation thrust proficient, East?
32:51:390Michele De Carli: L.C.
32:54:210Michele De Carli: Okay?
33:00:550Michele De Carli: I don't remember if I… Okay, well, where we are.
33:10:420Michele De Carli: Yes, okay, we will see how to calculate it, okay? Of course, I want to remind you that we'll see how to calculate it, okay?
33:17:790Michele De Carli: The maturity is the automatic fluid faster.
33:21:910Michele De Carli: Of course, in this case, density of the air is considered 1 for 2.
33:33:930Michele De Carli: So we are not considering, okay, any
33:38:210Michele De Carli: Density change with the temperature, okay? So, the density is fixed, 1.2 kilograms per unit. Okay, that is the value that we use. Also, the CP, okay, is fixed. 1000, okay, joules.
33:52:990Michele De Carli: for the air, okay? So we don't…
33:57:720Michele De Carli: Consider any variation with respect to the pattern.
34:02:430Michele De Carli: So, now, I want to show you an example, okay, so that, on one hand, will help you in building up your SMI, okay, so you can use
34:12:750Michele De Carli: the, let's say, the steps that we are… that are shown here to build up your Excel file, I want to remind you that here we will consider just the new, so just, let's say.
34:26:290Michele De Carli: a threat as a void space, okay? But in your case, you have to do the calculation move by length, okay? And also, there's an old calculation, but let's say you have to calculate the power, the peak power for heating, move by… because then
34:40:739Michele De Carli: On each… in each room, you are going to size the 3 gradient draw, okay, that you should,
34:47:969Michele De Carli: But you have to think, okay? So this is on one side, on the other side, okay.
34:57:430Michele De Carli: On the other side.
35:04:20Michele De Carli: Why it is useful.
35:06:480Michele De Carli: I don't remember, but anyway, I agree with the executions for a while.
35:15:190Michele De Carli: Yes, it is useful, because that way we are going to see, yes, of course, we are going to see something, let's say, how the, how the different parameters cannot change, okay? So, the one end is good for you to have, like, a kind of, let's say, benchmark, okay, for the Excel time that you are building up.
35:34:260Michele De Carli: All that aside.
35:35:860Michele De Carli: based on this, let's say, geometry, we are going to see the effect of the different U values of the outside temperature and also the ventilation fluid rate. Okay, so we are going to see
35:49:390Michele De Carli: Okay, so you will get, so you will have the… Depending on, of what…
35:57:640Michele De Carli: Of which…
35:59:270Michele De Carli: could be the effect of the different… of the different envelopes, of different climate and differential periods, okay? So, and then you can understand, you have also, you can get the feeling of, let's say, some usual
36:14:910Michele De Carli: Okay, values, usual, usual figures that can be used, okay, for calculations, as we usually do.
36:24:80Michele De Carli: We usually… we usually have to do, okay, because it is… sometimes it is very often in survival.
36:33:100Michele De Carli: Okay? So…
36:37:940Michele De Carli: Let's start, okay? So, here you see, what you have to do is basically, as I told you, you have to, conserve your geometry, okay?
36:49:200Michele De Carli: This can be a rough geometry of your own group or distress, okay? In this case, we have essentially just one open,
36:56:510Michele De Carli: volume, okay? So we consider 12 meters and 8 meters, okay? On the 12 meters wall, we have a window, okay?
37:05:450Michele De Carli: On the 8 meters wall, there is no window. This 8-meter wall, okay, can be, I think it is considered also as outside surface, okay? So, we have, basically, that this wall is, facing outside, and this wall is facing outside.
37:20:680Michele De Carli: Okay?
37:21:570Michele De Carli: But in this case, we have portfolio.
37:26:370Michele De Carli: I want to… So, it's split by 8 by 3, okay?
37:35:890Michele De Carli: So, what you have to do, you have to calculate the outer surfaces, okay, which are, let's say, separating your inner volume to the outer value.
37:45:840Michele De Carli: Okay, in case you have garages, LED spaces below your… or, let's say, on the other side of the building.
37:54:860Michele De Carli: You don't have to consider that, okay? So we are not looking in detail at population, okay?
38:00:800Michele De Carli: You should, in principle, consider that you have an analytic space, so you have some losses, okay? But we are not interested in that, okay? So we just consider the analytic space as internal space. Of course, you have no heat losses. So the only heat losses that you have, you consider other ones which are separating the indolent, not only the outer.
38:20:860Michele De Carli: Okay? Also, if you have a roof fork, you consider a flatter. You don't care about any inclination of the… you just consider the flatter.
38:31:900Michele De Carli: Okay?
38:33:530Michele De Carli: Alright, so, if you have some strange head… Oops.
38:42:630Michele De Carli: go with that knife, and put… undo and use very easy, okay, John, because we are not…
38:50:770Michele De Carli: We don't have to do any surgery partition, okay? We are engineers, okay? We have to be, okay, we have to be realistic, and give some…
39:02:250Michele De Carli: the feeling of the power that we need. Okay, so, here, we have two surfaces.
39:09:350Michele De Carli: This surface is 8 by 3, so 24 kilometers. This surface is 12 times 3, so 36 square. So this is completely perfect, okay, so just consider the wall.
39:23:20Michele De Carli: In this case, you have to perceive that you have window and network, so you have to split the surface between window and grid.
39:33:640Michele De Carli: So, in this case, the
39:37:700Michele De Carli: Yeah, so we know, okay, one typical value that was used in the past, okay, in order to get, I mean, the livability or the availability to live, okay.
39:52:240Michele De Carli: You had at least… no, yes, at least the…
39:58:450Michele De Carli: What area… sorry, the window area should be at least 1 sixth of the floor area, okay?
40:10:940Michele De Carli: I didn't need to explain why I'm not… I will explain if I… if I… if I'm thinking, then I will…
40:19:500Michele De Carli: lose more time than explaining. So, yes, that was because in the past, the U-value of the linear report, remember, 6 cross-presentative hurts each a very huge amount of heat loss of calories.
40:33:210Michele De Carli: But at the same time, we need windows in order to have daylight, and opening windows, yeah, fresh air. Okay, so, compromise between heat, heat flow, and,
40:48:550Michele De Carli: Dana, and…
40:52:730Michele De Carli: I mean, and so on, okay, was at least once. Okay, so what I need here, I consider the floor area, okay, part by 8 means more.
41:02:340Michele De Carli: Which is, value capital.
41:07:450Michele De Carli: Here, okay, so 12 by 8, okay, 96 centimeters, this is the floor again, okay. And in that case.
41:15:690Michele De Carli: Divided by 6, you have 16, which is very facilities. If you add more, it doesn't matter. It's still valid today, but due to the fact that we have windows that today are not, let's say, have any heat loss, you could even use the wires, the overall surface of the hotel.
41:35:730Michele De Carli: But still decided, I think.
41:50:70Michele De Carli: short?
41:52:300Michele De Carli: Okay, so, then, so, 16 square meters, yes, I wanted to tell you that. If you have, like, in this case, that you have two different windows, okay.
42:02:210Michele De Carli: And, you don't have to consider separate windows, okay? You just consider one opening with the overall surface of your window, okay, because all this is facing towards a certain orientation, right?
42:16:260Michele De Carli: But, remember, you have to… you have to…
42:20:860Michele De Carli: consider the different orientation. So, in this case, we have just one orientation, okay? So we don't care about the orientation, because we are working in steady-state conditions, so we have no cellular ignition. But when we work.
42:35:290Michele De Carli: You have to do the work also called the peak power and cooling, you have to consider that this work is, for instance.
42:43:220Michele De Carli: Maybe… West.
42:47:150Michele De Carli: Well, this is salt, okay? So this is cells, okay? And, and if you have a wheel here, you have also replaced, you know, take the test, you know, it should be classed instead, okay?
43:00:150Michele De Carli: So, in this case, we are not interested in that, but remember, start with the geometry also split between the different orientations, of course, just how important the…
43:11:610Michele De Carli: Towards the processing option.
43:13:880Michele De Carli: Okay?
43:16:90Michele De Carli: Christmas?
43:18:150Michele De Carli: your network, because you didn't look even at the plan of your house, okay, then that is bad, okay, because you should already collected the plan or something. It's okay, it doesn't matter.
43:28:340Michele De Carli: No, so…
43:33:30Michele De Carli: 16 square meters is the area of the window, this surface is 36 square meters. Okay, so the opac wall on this, on this wall is 20 square meters, and 16 is the…
43:50:870Michele De Carli: raised area, okay, so they don't know.
43:54:320Michele De Carli: So here, I collect all the OPAC surfaces, okay? So it's 16 minus… 16 minus 16, 44, which is the same ID plus 34, okay?
44:07:380Michele De Carli: Remember.
44:09:100Michele De Carli: calculate oxygen based on the floor area, and you have it, okay, if you have different kinds in the room.
44:16:430Michele De Carli: Take the average, right?
44:18:90Michele De Carli: Okay, so he says.
44:20:450Michele De Carli: lactic, okay, or something like that, okay? So we consider 96, which is the flow rate times 3, squared.
44:30:930Michele De Carli: One target which was used in the past, okay, which was the shape diameter, was the
44:36:650Michele De Carli: overall surface, okay, towards outside, which was the heat loss surface, divided by the model. And this was a kind of, let's say, shape factor, which was used today. It's not really much used today.
44:51:580Michele De Carli: Because the U values have so long that it's not going to happen, okay? But it was serious in the past, okay? It's so big.
44:59:580Michele De Carli: the heat loss area divided by the loop of the… of the building. Yes, please. If we have, windows on different sides of the reasonable terminal, there's, no, yeah, for either the window for… each window for each,
45:16:550Michele De Carli: Nothing in yesterday. Again, in the same room, we have, waiter there.
45:24:230Michele De Carli: therefore, it's… that's what I'm doing, so…
45:30:60Michele De Carli: Sweet.
45:31:610Michele De Carli: No, we have to consider each other. Right now, it's not that amount.
45:41:170Michele De Carli: Yeah, but I would, I would acknowledge, or I would suggest you, okay, to build up a geometry which is the same forum.
45:54:540Michele De Carli: You want to ruin the workplace, it's only class.
46:01:680Michele De Carli: Okay?
46:03:630Michele De Carli: But I mean, for heating purposes, it doesn't matter.
46:07:180Michele De Carli: Okay, now, I submitted the new values of the Northwood building, okay, so one for the wall, and 6 for the windows, okay, 1 for solar panels.
46:19:110Michele De Carli: So, I'm calculating the transmission cluster fission. 44, which is the surface of the walls, times the U-value of theta quartz.
46:27:980Michele De Carli: You value only those times the surface of Windows, okay?
46:34:190Michele De Carli: Yeah, Gingerie.
46:35:800Michele De Carli: half engine rate, okay, so that we… I consider half times volume means the
46:43:70Michele De Carli: volumetric power rate, cubic meter per hour in kilograms per second has to be rho divided by 3,600. Yes, please.
46:57:840Michele De Carli: Yes. Because I want to show you this.
47:02:610Michele De Carli: You know, I don't believe that.
47:06:440Michele De Carli: Life?
47:07:590Michele De Carli: It was in the table that 1968, the Y is 1.4 out, and we know 1.7.
47:14:910Michele De Carli: Yeah, okay, so… We are engineers, not physicians, okay, so, yes, because, yes, okay, I could explain why
47:28:570Michele De Carli: I could explain you why, but I don't explain why, okay? So, yeah, that is because in the 7th, we can consider that between 1 and 1.5, okay, they do some…
47:40:820Michele De Carli: 60s and 70s, okay. Usually, in the 70s, we use just single-pay windows, which was 7.6, I would say, okay? M3,
47:52:350Michele De Carli: when we have the double glazing, okay, as we have here, this is also lowering shown, okay, so…
47:59:530Michele De Carli: even more on the UI, okay? But anyway, in the 70s, we started to deal with two glazing elements, okay, which could lead to 2.8, okay?
48:13:250Michele De Carli: But most of the buildings of the 192… 1970, they have been already…
48:21:440Michele De Carli: use this, okay, because otherwise I'm… it's too complicated, okay? So, I just considered a wall, a tour wall with a single adjacent.
48:31:70Michele De Carli: Yay.
48:32:260Michele De Carli: But, of course, look at your selected organic.
48:37:640Michele De Carli: you select the U values, depending on the age, with this table, okay?
48:43:670Michele De Carli: But it doesn't affect that much, the calculation.
48:46:880Michele De Carli: Well, it affects, but I mean… Okay, so… So this is the… And doctor? Okay.
48:59:940Michele De Carli: TypeCP, you have the heat transcription, okay, so you can see that…
49:04:870Michele De Carli: The transmission trust coefficient is 140,
49:08:900Michele De Carli: The ventilation interest coefficient is 50, okay? So the transmission interest loss is 3 times the ventilation interest, okay?
49:18:410Michele De Carli: So, C-suite?
49:21:500Michele De Carli: The total interest coefficient is the sum of them, so 190.
49:25:670Michele De Carli: And the total power of the… of the… on the system, okay, is…
49:32:240Michele De Carli: H… sorry, the total heatros coefficient is the sum of the transmission intros coefficient and neglected across coefficient. The total power of the system is the total intros coefficient, okay, times…
49:53:610Michele De Carli: Okay, the literal coefficient times the temperature is 20 minus minus 5 here, so I consider minus 5 as temperature to desired temperature, okay?
50:07:260Michele De Carli: So, fine.
50:10:160Michele De Carli: Okay, so this group has… How do we, choose the difference of temperatures, between inside and outside? Based on your…
50:21:800Michele De Carli: Vocational.
50:25:200Michele De Carli: Yeah. One shot.
50:27:260Michele De Carli: Everyone who… is anyone who is selecting another location?
50:34:930Michele De Carli: type to head, or everything, but I mean, I remember. I think it'll be in the car or something.
50:41:900Michele De Carli: Not sure that in my own car, the climatic is always, did…
50:47:650Michele De Carli: Okay, so I think it's 5. You ready? 5 is B, 0 is…
50:53:400Michele De Carli: No, sorry, could less. Could you run less?
50:56:180Michele De Carli: It is unified.
50:59:110Michele De Carli: Okay.
51:00:490Michele De Carli: Okay, if you have some questions, I can… we can guide you set up, okay?
51:07:380Michele De Carli: So, 5,000, okay? You can… two important… two important parameters. I left it in Italian so that you learn Italian, okay?
51:16:430Michele De Carli: It's, of course, it's not a mistake, okay, or don't forget to… I didn't forget to, but it was just to… to point out that you have to learn Italian, okay? So…
51:30:700Michele De Carli: you can divide the total power by the volume of your building, or by the floor. Okay, so these are two, let's say, figures which are
51:40:360Michele De Carli: Very important, as we've seen.
51:42:770Michele De Carli: If you divide them by the volume, you can see you have 16 volts per cubic.
51:47:100Michele De Carli: Okay, so it's specific power related to the volume of the completed.
51:53:300Michele De Carli: And if you divide by the flow area, you will have a specific power.
51:57:700Michele De Carli: pair surface, which is also important. This is important for quick calculations.
52:04:740Michele De Carli: This is important for the radiant.
52:08:280Michele De Carli: Systems, okay?
52:11:490Michele De Carli: In heating, we usually use the… power…
52:16:110Michele De Carli: per volume, okay, for quick calculations. In…
52:20:260Michele De Carli: Cooling, we usually use the power control area, okay? So…
52:25:90Michele De Carli: This is the only difference Kane has.
52:27:280Michele De Carli: So, this is a typical way. Now, okay, this is to show you how you have to set up your Excel file, and what you have to do, the calculation. So, you can use this as benchmark, so that you can check that all the equations that you use are correct, okay?
52:47:40Michele De Carli: And then, of course, you have to fill in your data on the surface and so on. But let's consider this
52:54:10Michele De Carli: Case, okay.
52:55:760Michele De Carli: And, what I would like to show you is that we will consider… I will… I highlighted, okay.
53:02:870Michele De Carli: The, three, rectangles in red, one in blue, and the other one in green, okay?
53:12:440Michele De Carli: So, the two reds… no, the three red zone rectangles, okay, are related to the amount of lost surfaces, okay?
53:23:310Michele De Carli: The volumatic for it, the HNL, but at the end of the
53:27:70Michele De Carli: for radiation, and the new value. So what we are going to see is, by checking the red rectangles, is
53:36:970Michele De Carli: If we had two or three surfaces, so if we had just the two vertical walls, or if we had also the roof, okay, as it was.
53:47:260Michele De Carli: Here, we will see what happens if we have half air change rate, or one.
53:52:810Michele De Carli: change rate. Okay, so what is the ethnic in terms of power that we are, we need to supply if we have a greater population?
54:02:370Michele De Carli: Okay, and in this case, we are going to see what happens if we have better, okay, envelopes, so envelopes with a smaller U-value, which means new paintings, okay?
54:14:830Michele De Carli: The blue rectangle will show us what happens if we consider different planets, so a colder climate and green planet. What will we consider a colder planet?
54:25:800Michele De Carli: And in this green rectangle, we are going to see what will be the effect in terms of
54:34:220Michele De Carli: Well, heat loss coefficient, okay, but, yes, power due to transmission, power due to ventilation, overall power, and specific power in 1 square meter, or per square meter.
54:47:200Michele De Carli: Okay.
54:49:30Michele De Carli: So, case 1A is…
54:51:630Michele De Carli: the case that we have seen before. So, we have seen we had 4.7 gigawatts, okay?
54:59:170Michele De Carli: 75% are… Resnational vitrosis, park admission loss.
55:08:440Michele De Carli: Power due to permission losses, and 25% is due to the accumulation.
55:15:930Michele De Carli: I cannot stop things.
55:19:690Michele De Carli: Okay, now, what happens if we add this, if we add also the roof as additional,
55:28:340Michele De Carli: surface. So you can see that you go from 5 to 7, okay? So, the roof is, of course, particularly important, okay? This is just to tell you that if you have a single-family house or an industrial building where the
55:45:120Michele De Carli: then…
55:46:820Michele De Carli: The roof area, okay, is relevant with respect to the height of the reading, okay? The roof display and reading every groove.
55:56:20Michele De Carli: For industrial building, it may play even the most important role than the vertical walls, because it is mainly, okay, an industrial building, and you ever entered in the industrial side, okay?
56:09:780Michele De Carli: Okay? So, the, the, the most relevant, the most relevant size is the global index.
56:17:240Michele De Carli: Okay?
56:18:510Michele De Carli: Again, you can see it's 85% against 15%.
56:23:980Michele De Carli: And, of course, here you can see 25 watts per square cubic meter, 74 watts per minute.
56:30:930Michele De Carli: Okay?
56:32:180Michele De Carli: Now, what happens if we then consider the same case as this one, okay?
56:40:360Michele De Carli: But with a greater ventilation for it. So we have two surfaces, as we've seen in the vaccine in the first case.
56:49:340Michele De Carli: But here, we have the double of the ventilation flow rate. In this case, okay, you can see that we have 75-35. In this case, you can see that they are similar, okay, so the heat loss proficient
57:04:430Michele De Carli: that we have for transmission losses is greater, but let's say in the same order of the methylation
57:11:910Michele De Carli: economic, okay? So, that is important to understand. So, if we have
57:18:50Michele De Carli: Buildings where the ventilation flow rate, okay, is relevant, okay, then the ventilation across becomes
57:27:530Michele De Carli: as important as, or even more important than the transmission cost, okay? Like, in lecture halls, in operating theaters, okay, so in these places, okay, the ventilation cost is more relevant than the transmission cost.
57:47:40Michele De Carli: And again, okay, you can see we were… we had 16, okay, now we have 20, okay, what's a cubic.
57:55:30Michele De Carli: Okay?
57:56:110Michele De Carli: And what happens if we have also the roof and an additional parade?
58:02:150Michele De Carli: In that case, you can see you have almost twice the power that we had in the first case, okay? So, because we have a greater heat loss due to methylation, okay, but also a greater heat loss due to resumption, okay, because we have the roof, I guess, as well.
58:19:360Michele De Carli: So, you can see that in this case, okay, because pregnant, so 30 was positive, it means that it's a huge, okay, huge power for this, because we are talking about minus 5 degrees as pregnant.
58:33:340Michele De Carli: Okay.
58:35:530Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is a summary of the results, okay, so that you can… more.
58:44:450Michele De Carli: The fingers, okay, so Quebe…
58:48:330Michele De Carli: 3, 2, 3, and 4, okay, is for an outdoor temperature, minus 5 degrees.
58:54:890Michele De Carli: high U-value, so all buildings, okay, the effect of the surfaces and the effect of the flow rate. Okay, so you can see that, which is the relevance of the different factors. What I want to show you, what I want to try to give you as a feeling, okay, is that,
59:14:830Michele De Carli: In this case, you can see that the
59:18:90Michele De Carli: Automatic power, okay, so the watts per cubic meter, okay, as specific power, is
59:26:690Michele De Carli: On average, 20 quatts per cubic meter.
59:29:510Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is the usual value that is used, okay? If you don't know anything about a building, okay, but you want just, for instance, to calculate the
59:39:520Michele De Carli: Rough power. Imagine that you are going to build up, or you want to size, for instance, a districting network, okay, and you don't know anything about the buildings.
59:49:20Michele De Carli: you know just the volume. If you know that the meeting is old, usually you give 20 watts per cubic meter, okay, to the meeting, so that you can say, well, I know that this
00:01:130Michele De Carli: District line should deliver the heat to this building, which is 1,000 cubic meters, so we need to deliver 30 times 1,000, okay, 30 kilts, okay?
00:12:720Michele De Carli: This radio network, I mean, roughly, is 90-60, okay, so 90 degree supply, 60 degree return.
00:20:520Michele De Carli: M dot CP data t.
00:22:640Michele De Carli: So you have the authority, so you know the size of the duct that should be… should go to the building, okay? And then, by adding all the buildings that can be collected, you go to the main pipeline, and you will size the
00:37:660Michele De Carli: In the data.
00:42:600Michele De Carli: Or, for instance, okay, you have to, you have to, you have a vendor, for instance, okay, maybe that you are an escrow or an energy service company, an energy service company, you have to maybe sell, the…
00:56:840Michele De Carli: the natural gas to, I don't know, the University Department, for example, which has more than 100 buildings, okay? You want to roughly know which is the power, okay, so you can use… you can use this, okay? In this case, you will use…
01:10:470Michele De Carli: Later, okay, because you have also higher fluid. Okay, so you can use 31 per cubic meter, and you know the power for each bit.
01:18:20Michele De Carli: worthless.
01:19:670Michele De Carli: Okay?
01:23:150Michele De Carli: All right, so… so, obedience, 20, well, expected because they're in our time. Now we consider the same cases, 1, 2, 3, 4, okay, so we don't change anything. We, we consider the same boundary conditions that we had.
01:42:10Michele De Carli: for case 1, 2, 3, 4A, but now it's B, because we are considering a different kind of colder crime. Okay, so…
01:50:310Michele De Carli: What is just, changing here from case A and B, okay, is decline, and so we have 35 degrees C as temperature difference instead of
02:03:120Michele De Carli: Okay, so we are in the arts, however, not there anymore, okay?
02:09:100Michele De Carli: And so we could be in… I don't know, so Germany, Scandinavian.
02:14:280Michele De Carli: Okay, very nice data. So, let's consider that we are, let's say, in Bayern, okay, so we're in Bayern.
02:26:820Michele De Carli: from here, but I mean, from now, and let's see, we are, we are minus 15. Okay, so what happens is, what I want to show you is that nothing happens on the transfer coefficient.
02:43:130Michele De Carli: So HT and HV, they're still the same. We are just changing the climatic conditions, okay? So HT and HV times the temperature difference will lead to greater power.
02:56:890Michele De Carli: But HT and HV, they are still the same, 140 and 15.
03:04:180Michele De Carli: Okay, we have before.
03:07:600Michele De Carli: HP and H3, so our diameter screens are not
03:12:590Michele De Carli: Okay? Function of the karma, so they are independent of the carbon, okay, so they just depend on the…
03:19:430Michele De Carli: on the…
03:20:620Michele De Carli: U-value on the aromatic prorator, okay, but the data on the H and rate, but they don't depend on the HTMHV, they are useful.
03:31:310Michele De Carli: Calculate the power by changing simply.
03:36:200Michele De Carli: bigger, okay?
03:38:240Michele De Carli: Remember this, because from this point, I agree.
03:42:160Michele De Carli: Maybe later. We go back to this point.
03:45:380Michele De Carli: Okay?
03:47:330Michele De Carli: So… Of course, here, we have
03:51:790Michele De Carli: 605… 606,000, okay, 6.6 kilos, okay, we end up 5, okay, seven, okay, so it's 2 kilos more.
04:02:100Michele De Carli: Okay, and of course, there's specific thyroid increases as well in health, in both, jesus.
04:10:330Michele De Carli: Mmm…
04:14:840Michele De Carli: This is what happens if we consider a roof.
04:20:930Michele De Carli: Porsche?
04:22:370Michele De Carli: So you can see time to do it.
04:24:500Michele De Carli: quiro, switches.
04:26:780Michele De Carli: plus the 1.5, the power that we had before. So you can see also from this point of view, okay, 35 watts per cubic meter, okay, so it's,
04:40:160Michele De Carli: But huge, okay, specific power.
04:42:860Michele De Carli: And of course, if we increase also the regulation across, of course, we have a greater power, and so we have 8,000 watts here, and in this case, we have even 1200 watts.
04:57:450Michele De Carli: Okay, on power, so 40 watts per kilos, okay, so…
05:02:640Michele De Carli: quite huge, the amount of power, okay? So, in this case, we can see that a U-value like this, okay, is quite… is maybe too high. That is why it's in the past. So, the U-value of colder climates were usually also
05:20:590Michele De Carli: Smaller than Luma.
05:22:760Michele De Carli: Morrika.
05:24:600Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is, again, the… Missing the…
05:30:510Michele De Carli: These are the values, okay, I want to just write like this. In a curve climate, you use 30, okay, as…
05:39:480Michele De Carli: 40 metric power, okay? So, you usually use 30 watts per cubic meter, okay, in terms of power.
05:47:240Michele De Carli: Because this, yeah, the greater that the power, the specific power is great as much rather than power
05:57:200Michele De Carli: No.
05:58:430Michele De Carli: What happens if we change that you value. So imagine.
06:05:200Michele De Carli: Now, we have the same case studies as we had before, as the first case.
06:10:950Michele De Carli: But now, we are considering a better envelope. Okay, so we have
06:17:970Michele De Carli: Better insulation, so smaller U-value of the wall and the window, okay? So we have 0.2 as your value for the walls, and 2 for the windows, okay? You can even go
06:32:770Michele De Carli: at the lower levels, okay, this modeling. It's enough.
06:40:110Michele De Carli: I want to highlight that, of course.
06:43:820Michele De Carli: In this case, what happens? You decrease the lot the quick loss coefficient due to transmission, because the U-value decreased, okay?
06:54:860Michele De Carli: But, of course, the heat loss due to ventilation is the same, okay?
07:01:190Michele De Carli: And you can see that these two values become… See me now.
07:06:490Michele De Carli: Okay, so in that special buildings, when you decrease the value of the building, so when you insulate better the envelope, okay, then the manipulation becomes
07:20:510Michele De Carli: the same order of magnitude, then the transition, okay? We will see later on how we can, okay, improve this.
07:34:290Michele De Carli: the power is much smaller, you can see, 2.2 kilos. Okay, so 2.2 kilos. I could even…
07:41:880Michele De Carli: think about putting a resistance, an electric resistance, which was the beginning, the main suggestion by the Passive House.
07:52:320Michele De Carli: Okay, so in the past, we're… we reduced the inviting closer to reduced the loss computing. We see how?
08:00:10Michele De Carli: And, what, if you did just 2 kilos.
08:03:390Michele De Carli: With the resistance, an electric resistance, you save all the money for… from your heating system, because you don't have to spend money.
08:11:210Michele De Carli: Okay, and let's jump.
08:14:10Michele De Carli: But, there are some… Let's see, negative.
08:18:90Michele De Carli: That takes place.
08:19:670Michele De Carli: Oh, not too bad.
08:22:10Michele De Carli: But listen, you can see, 8 wants to keep them, okay? So… It's half…
08:28:660Michele De Carli: Of the power which was needed before.
08:32:180Michele De Carli: Okay? And also specific path.
08:35:819Michele De Carli: Now, what happens if we also add the roof? If we have the roof, you can see.
08:41:880Michele De Carli: It's just fun.
08:43:290Michele De Carli: 100 watts?
08:45:370Michele De Carli: Okay, so when you decrease the value of the walls.
08:50:590Michele De Carli: It doesn't really matter the shape of your building.
08:53:460Michele De Carli: Okay, it doesn't matter if you have two or three surfaces, okay, which are losing energy. The amount of… the power that you need to spend is pretty low.
09:05:359Michele De Carli: Okay? So the shared impact on your bleeding is not anymore an issue. This was relevant in the sentences because you had high values of U-value, okay, but it's not that relevant today, because
09:20:950Michele De Carli: We had the… we added 100 square meters of surface, and we had just 500, 0.5, okay, additional loss.
09:33:50Michele De Carli: Of course, now, if we increase the ventilation parameter, You can see that.
09:40:420Michele De Carli: All the losses are due to regulation.
09:43:120Michele De Carli: Okay, so when you have a very well insulated building.
09:49:50Michele De Carli: If, in a residential building, the heat loss coefficient due to ventilation is similar to the heat loss coefficient, imagine in a building where you have a lot of… a much more, or much greater ventilation flow rate.
10:02:650Michele De Carli: Then, this becomes the main problem, and you have to see how to reduce this
10:10:110Michele De Carli: heat transfer efficient, okay? You… we will see how to do that.
10:15:00Michele De Carli: But again, you can see that we are… we are 12 times watts per 3 meters.
10:21:510Michele De Carli: Anyway, small, green small, okay? Because we decreased a lot the U-value, and we increased the thermal insulation of them.
10:32:530Michele De Carli: And of course, in this case, okay.
10:35:600Michele De Carli: Okay, but let's say that in this case, we are… Excuse me, that one.
10:41:370Michele De Carli: Okay?
10:42:640Michele De Carli: So, this is the recap of a new building.
10:47:150Michele De Carli: In a new building?
10:48:490Michele De Carli: The power needed is.
10:50:940Michele De Carli: 10 was particular, so it's half of the power that was used in the passenger, right?
10:57:750Michele De Carli: So…
11:00:240Michele De Carli: It becomes interesting, okay, being used for Eastern heat pumps, okay? So imagine that you need 3 kilowatts for your house, you have a heat pump with a COP of 3, you just need 1 kilowatts, electric kilowatts, to feed your heat pump.
11:16:570Michele De Carli: Okay?
11:18:510Michele De Carli: Then, as you receive, we have the property wasn't pulling. We still have
11:23:870Michele De Carli: That is all loaded, okay, sensible resident, but this is… this is one part, okay?
11:33:640Michele De Carli: Have you… do you know how much,
11:36:370Michele De Carli: power do you… how many of you have heard the Mr. Daniel's boy?
11:43:150Michele De Carli: Dave?
11:44:340Michele De Carli: Okay, single toilet.
11:46:930Michele De Carli: That's not possible, it's only one here.
11:49:450Michele De Carli: That's worth it. Yeah, that's worth it, yes. Do you know? That's worth it?
11:55:160Michele De Carli: 25, 225.
11:58:20Michele De Carli: So… My question is, Maybe you know already the answer.
12:04:980Michele De Carli: That's what?
12:06:830Michele De Carli: Sorry?
12:08:50Michele De Carli: Imagine case B.
12:11:80Michele De Carli: the museum.
12:12:440Michele De Carli: Okay.
12:19:100Michele De Carli: So, why do we have 25 kilos? If you need in a corporate item, you need 10 kilos maximum.
12:29:250Michele De Carli: Hello?
12:31:320Michele De Carli: Okay, so… annual shipping for the domestic controller, so that is why you need 20-25 kilos.
12:43:840Michele De Carli: Which was not relevant when we used the natural gas also for heating, but if you're using the heat pump for heating, okay, and in a new building.
12:55:750Michele De Carli: New building? Yes? New building, you have two, three kiosks? Okay.
13:01:320Michele De Carli: what happens if you use 20 kilowatts on FUPA?
13:05:430Michele De Carli: 6, 7, 2 o'clock, electric?
13:08:710Michele De Carli: Electricity just to fill the heat pump.
13:11:680Michele De Carli: Okay.
13:13:70Michele De Carli: So how you do that? That's what we are going to see. You are going to use a tank in order to store the hot water, so that you can reduce the electric power.
13:23:210Michele De Carli: power.
13:26:750Michele De Carli: Okay, to think that they heat pump in order to face heating and domestic hot water.
13:32:810Michele De Carli: Okay, KZ is, similar, but in this case, we have a cold effect.
13:39:300Michele De Carli: Okay? And in this case, we can see that I used
13:44:340Michele De Carli: a smaller value of U, okay, because I told you, in colder climates, we use smaller U value, okay?
13:53:640Michele De Carli: But at the end, you can see we get the same results, okay, the same heat loss coefficient due to transmission, because, in that case, okay, you can see that in this case here, of course.
14:07:500Michele De Carli: the ventilation flow rate plays a major role. Okay, so even in a cold climate, so you can see that
14:14:970Michele De Carli: Also, considering the roof is not affecting them much, so…
14:19:330Michele De Carli: It doesn't really matter if you are in a cold or climate, okay, but if you insulate the building.
14:25:780Michele De Carli: the shape of your building is not important, okay? Now, what is important is the mitigation program.
14:34:360Michele De Carli: Again, you can see, but also the peak power for heating doesn't change that much. Always 10, 15, okay? So…
14:42:750Michele De Carli: Installation of the building is a, okay, good measure to
14:47:720Michele De Carli: save energy, okay? And this is the most important.
14:53:170Michele De Carli: Here, we can see what we can do if we want to save power and energy, also for the ventilation. What you should do, you should use mechanical ventilation, and use the heat recovery unit
15:07:500Michele De Carli: In order to save energy and save power, so usually we want to use
15:12:940Michele De Carli: is a heat exchanger. You use the…
15:16:390Michele De Carli: impact our air, which is anyway to be exhausted, okay?
15:22:560Michele De Carli: And, it, goes into this…
15:26:710Michele De Carli: It's a heat exchanger, okay, you…
15:29:950Michele De Carli: Take the outer air, you heat up the outer air by cooling down the excess air.
15:38:810Michele De Carli: And, you will get metering air at the warmer temperature compared to the oven.
15:46:930Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is the heat recovery.
15:49:340Michele De Carli: Like 2 years of manipulation.
15:52:70Michele De Carli: The efficiency of a heat recovery unit is the heat that is recovered, which is the temperature that is related to the temperature difference between the air entering the room and the outer air. This is the…
16:08:10Michele De Carli: A detective is dies the…
16:12:220Michele De Carli: master rate in the CP is the power that we are recovering. The overall heat power is the, again, the rate times the CP, okay.
16:23:850Michele De Carli: times the temperature difference between those and absent, and it's HP.
16:29:330Michele De Carli: So the efficiency, since we have the same probation, is
16:35:370Michele De Carli: The temperature difference between the supply and the external temperature.
16:39:970Michele De Carli: difference between inside and outside.
16:44:130Michele De Carli: So…
16:47:690Michele De Carli: Here, this… here you can see how to get to the final point. At the end, what we need to supply in terms of heating is to cover the delta T2 increase, supply temperature and the reductivity.
17:01:960Michele De Carli: Which is, at the end.
17:04:930Michele De Carli: Okay, 1 minus the efficiency, usually we can consider to have a 75% in the market. We can have 75% of efficiency, okay, so that we just need one-fourth of the ETHROS for efficient to cover the
17:23:460Michele De Carli: ventilation.
17:25:350Michele De Carli: An hour, okay?
17:27:440Michele De Carli: So this is how you can, check how the, the… so the regulation
17:35:840Michele De Carli: heat loss coefficient will be reduced by 1 minus epsilon, okay, by, let's say, or we reduced to…
17:44:300Michele De Carli: If we have 75% to… 25% of the original heat loss, okay?
17:52:240Michele De Carli: How many of you have to request the information in every special house?
18:03:360Michele De Carli: Okay.
18:04:870Michele De Carli: So, this is H3, what happens in cases 1, 2, and 3, 4, okay? So, in cases 1, 2,
18:12:920Michele De Carli: it was 48, these are the original values, okay, as you… as you have without integratory unit.
18:21:850Michele De Carli: And this is what you get in case of retail coming. So, 12 equity.
18:26:950Michele De Carli: One effect of this content.
18:29:960Michele De Carli: And, of course, in this case, if you… if you go back and see the results.
18:37:140Michele De Carli: You can see that in a building, even if you have
18:41:960Michele De Carli: Three surfaces, okay, and it's a well-inspected building, okay?
18:46:510Michele De Carli: You can see that, no, wait, this is…
18:50:50Michele De Carli: Yeah, slowly values, okay? You can see that this is the power that you can expect, and so in a…
18:56:820Michele De Carli: So you go to the house, Jackie Pierre, thank you.
19:01:860Michele De Carli: Yes. But, the air change later of a house doesn't depend, like, on how the windows are made.
19:11:290Michele De Carli: And so, like, by doing the, the system with mechanical ventilation.
19:18:160Michele De Carli: How does it affect the already present, the FGM rule?
19:23:190Michele De Carli: the change rate that you have for due to infiltration, due to the accident. You have this more in there, usually.
19:29:780Michele De Carli: 0.1, 0.3. Okay. Okay, so you could consider this emission as 0.1, 0. But it remains there, it's not that trading mechanical ventilation, it goes away. Yeah, but 0.1, 0.2 is poor.
19:44:950Michele De Carli: And there is… we will talk about that when we will talk about mechanical ventilation, okay?
19:50:950Michele De Carli: By opening a closing window, you're not able, control the air quality.
19:59:200Michele De Carli: Yes. Is it correct that usually, implementation needs sized with, 0.5 address?
20:06:920Michele De Carli: Usually, it's size for 0.5 over the wood, okay? Of course, as you will see, if you will supply the air mainly in woods and using roofs, and you will absorb the air in the bathroom, in the kitchen, and if you have
20:21:850Michele De Carli: confirming.
20:24:210Michele De Carli: But we were extremely lucky, okay?
20:30:520Michele De Carli: Oof.
20:31:330Michele De Carli: Of course.
20:32:280Michele De Carli: Okay, so also in this case, you can see that even in cold climate, okay, you can see that the effect now is also less rare. Okay, so if you use the heat recovery unit, okay, also the ventilation
20:49:980Michele De Carli: power, okay, the power due to ventilation becomes also the salt.
20:54:850Michele De Carli: Good installation, and… And heat recovery units, okay, are a good measure for the… Energy saving.
21:06:110Michele De Carli: Whichever climate you have.
21:07:970Michele De Carli: Okay?
21:15:480Michele De Carli: Alright, enough.
21:18:920Michele De Carli: What did we see? What did I tell you? That, practically, HD and H3 are independent on the external and internal candidates, okay? So, HD and HV are just a question on
21:30:370Michele De Carli: which is the agent rate for HP, and HP, the way the building is built up, and the shape of the building, right? So, depending on which walls we have.
21:43:750Michele De Carli: So the area of the rules, the U-value, HT, is fixed.
21:49:130Michele De Carli: It's independent on the climatic condition, right? Correct? Also true.
21:54:990Michele De Carli: So, what is important to understand is that the sum of this heat loss coefficient, which is the overall coefficient, overall heat loss coefficient, sorry.
22:05:390Michele De Carli: Okay.
22:07:150Michele De Carli: Doesn't change if we consider the design conditions.
22:12:30Michele De Carli: Or if we consider average condition per month, or if we consider the whole season.
22:19:160Michele De Carli: So we, in practice, In the, simplified calculation method.
22:26:50Michele De Carli: Once you calculate the heat loss coefficients, so the U values, and the ventilation heat loss coefficient.
22:34:250Michele De Carli: transmission plus coefficient, and the invitation plus coefficient.
22:38:770Michele De Carli: Basically, you can use these two values, also for considering any parental difference that you have.
22:47:810Michele De Carli: Monclical character difference, or you could also even consider the degree pay.
22:53:950Michele De Carli: If you multiply the overall atrocious coefficient by the degree A, Okay?
23:00:230Michele De Carli: And if you multiply that degree day, and you multiply by 24 hours, Which is…
23:07:680Michele De Carli: The usual standard calculation method, because in standard calculation methods, you consider to have to be You do that.
23:15:800Michele De Carli: their ordinary for their T-zone.
23:20:110Michele De Carli: Then, you will get what divided by 10, by Kelly?
23:26:840Michele De Carli: hours, so these are watt-hours, okay, and dividing by 1,000, these are kilowatt hours of energy that we need to spend for your vehicle.
23:35:530Michele De Carli: Okay, so…
23:37:830Michele De Carli: This is the easiest way to calculate the energy demand of your vehicle, okay? It is a very rough estimation, because there are several
23:47:140Michele De Carli: Leakages in this calculation.
23:49:600Michele De Carli: But this is how you have to calculate your energy event of the beating, okay?
23:56:250Michele De Carli: And in this case, what… which are the rough, considerations thereafter?
24:01:770Michele De Carli: simplifications? Well, first of all, you're not considering solar radiation, nor internal gains, which would help in decreasing the energy demand of the D, okay?
24:12:940Michele De Carli: And also, you're not considering
24:15:550Michele De Carli: the timeline, shall we? Okay. And of course, in this case, we have just a pure resistive model, okay?
24:23:770Michele De Carli: So, it's very easy, you're overestimating the energy demand of your building? Okay, but it's a measure to, let's say, try to estimate the energy demand. So, what you have to do is also to calculate the energy demand only. Remember, one point.
24:41:810Michele De Carli: Death.
24:44:640Michele De Carli: Right, if you have mechanical ventilation system, it's different. If you have… if you're working with natural ventilation, okay, or with iron.
24:57:250Michele De Carli: for design.
25:00:350Michele De Carli: you consider 0.5 air syringes per hour, as I've aged.
25:09:980Michele De Carli: ordinances.
25:12:790Michele De Carli: This is not funny.
25:15:900Michele De Carli: Okay, so what is changing?
25:18:490Michele De Carli: By making the calculation for the peak loan, And for the energy.
25:23:980Michele De Carli: is the HV. Okay, so HV for the desired population for the peak load is 0.5, or the energy demand of the peak is 0. Okay, why? Because
25:34:690Michele De Carli: on average, the information that you might consider inverse, it's only 0.3 fractions per hour, which is…
25:46:950Michele De Carli: Not the optimal value, okay?
25:51:560Michele De Carli: But this is how you calculate.
25:54:410Michele De Carli: In a standardized commission, your average maintenance of flow rate in winter.
26:02:360Michele De Carli: Okay, so here, you can see that,
26:05:740Michele De Carli: So here we have some examples, okay, how to calculate.
26:09:740Michele De Carli: I will skip it, because it's not there right now. I want just to remind you that today… they…
26:17:630Michele De Carli: Before the… before… before last week.
26:21:370Michele De Carli: before last weekend, okay, the costs were already high, so we have 0.1, okay, 0.01 permanent. But anyway, it doesn't matter. Here you can see, okay, just… what I want to highlight is what you have to do with your calculations, is
26:40:720Michele De Carli: Once you calculate… yes, please.
26:45:190Michele De Carli: has, mechanical ventilation only to extract air, not to supply. Is the air change, 3 to 25, yes.
26:55:330Michele De Carli: Just always, or just in the… Oh, in the kitchen, in the residence, in my residence, there's only for the kitchen and the bathroom? Yes, you can, you can use the…
27:07:500Michele De Carli: In that case, you have no… well, I don't know if you have any problems. What is your residence?
27:14:490Michele De Carli: Coito. Welcome.
27:16:650Michele De Carli: You know, he's a child.
27:18:810Michele De Carli: I don't know.
27:19:780Michele De Carli: No, no, we're not… I don't know what kind of ventilation system. I don't know if there is the heat recovery or not, because as we see, we might have the heat recovery as well.
27:29:780Michele De Carli: No, it's only… there are only plans for ventilation, if it is made, back in their center. Okay.
27:37:660Michele De Carli: Yeah, so probably it's just… it's just extract.
27:41:240Michele De Carli: Okay, yes, you can use the open file.
27:44:810Michele De Carli: But specify that we have mechanical activity, so make it still open.
27:49:820Michele De Carli: What you have to do, what I want to… what you have to do is to put, okay, the…
27:57:130Michele De Carli: to divide the energy into the kilowatt hours that you get, okay, by the overall flow area, okay? This is the typical value which is usually used, okay, so the specific energy is important just for the whole
28:11:860Michele De Carli: flat for the whole building, okay? Not through Balloon, okay, but for the whole building, it is important, it is interesting, okay?
28:20:920Michele De Carli: This is what you use, again, for checking the… It's a…
28:28:110Michele De Carli: If the building requires more or less energy, okay, as you can see here, okay?
28:35:540Michele De Carli: So I will skip this? You can, you can look at them if you want.
28:38:910Michele De Carli: So, what is important?
28:43:580Michele De Carli: to understand, okay, as final, let's say, remarks for this part, is that it is important that you understand that the level of insulation and, I mean, the peak load depends on
28:59:870Michele De Carli: How well is ready to build the building is, the amount of ventilation rate, the climate, and in case the presence of recovery. Especially
29:10:530Michele De Carli: If you have, okay, a low U-value, okay, so in residential building, first, it is more important to insulate the building, and then in case to use the integral unit, okay?
29:23:310Michele De Carli: In other buildings, of course, the heat recovery unit may play a bigger role, especially if you have a very high material from
29:35:830Michele De Carli: The energy demand also depends on this parameter, and what is relevant to calculate is usually the specific yearly energy, okay?
29:46:190Michele De Carli: demand, okay, and yes, I will… in just a few seconds, okay, just to explain you this, okay, and then we see again on Tuesday. Probably next week, I will…
30:00:690Michele De Carli: I might be here because there is a terrible strike in the process, so I…
30:07:150Michele De Carli: It might be that, I don't know. Anyway, Tuesday, for sure, we have lecture, okay? Probably Wednesday, Thursday, I don't know.
30:19:590Michele De Carli: So, anyways,
30:23:970Michele De Carli: Yes, so, what I want just to highlight, and then we come back to this claim next week.
30:33:420Michele De Carli: Is to come back to this picture, okay, which was the starting picture, okay, of this part.
30:44:680Michele De Carli: Of course.
30:45:880Michele De Carli: we are calculating the energy demand of the building. In this case, we said that we are not considering the internal loads and the solar caves, okay? So it's a simplified, an oversimplified approach, okay? But anyway, even though we could use
31:03:470Michele De Carli: A more detailed approach, considering the surrogation and internal things.
31:08:900Michele De Carli: What we are calculating is the net energy demand of the… the net energy demand of the building is the ideal demand of the… so what we do?
31:19:460Michele De Carli: Also, in this case, with this, Simplified calculation method, okay?
31:25:620Michele De Carli: is president.
31:28:690Michele De Carli: Ideal transition in the room, okay, because we consider 20 degrees, and we just consider that we have perfectly 20 degrees in the room, every time, and so on.
31:39:170Michele De Carli: Now, what you have to think about is that, in order to…
31:46:380Michele De Carli: I have these trending AC here, We have a… We've exchanger?
31:54:980Michele De Carli: Which is not perfect, okay? So we have some stratification, So that,
32:02:570Michele De Carli: If you're using radiators, as you will probably use, okay, the radiator will lead to sanctification, therefore, if you increase in the…
32:11:920Michele De Carli: the water inside of the elevator, so you will add maybe 22 degrees Cels in order to have 20 degrees Cels, okay? Okay, so…
32:19:910Michele De Carli: So, let's say that, on average, you have a greater temperature, so the heat loss
32:26:60Michele De Carli: is greater than conceivable degrees, okay? So, here are some extra interruptions, okay, due to the emission system, to the terminal unit.
32:38:340Michele De Carli: One is certification, the other one is the if, for instance, the kid is released from the enterprise, okay?
32:50:70Michele De Carli: And also,
32:54:360Michele De Carli: Also, the thermostat, okay, also the control… how you control the room temperature, okay, will affect the extra heat losses.
33:03:250Michele De Carli: So what you want to consider is that you have some losses here. You have to…
33:09:400Michele De Carli: Drive the hot water from the generation system to the Sweet.
33:14:750Michele De Carli: So you will have also losses due to the distinction, and you will have losses in the genera.
33:21:90Michele De Carli: Okay? So, basically.
33:24:200Michele De Carli: what we are calculating is just the ideal demand of the building. The consumption, okay, is different. Okay, so you have…
33:32:750Michele De Carli: Between the generator and the air load, you have some losses that tend to be added, okay, because of the second principle of thermodynamics and the interaction phenomena, okay?
33:45:490Michele De Carli: And these losses, okay, what you are… what is missing is the losses on the system, which are to be added to the maximum.
33:54:310Michele De Carli: Okay?
33:55:500Michele De Carli: So we will… we will not see how to calculate these losses, but you have just to know that, usually.
34:03:240Michele De Carli: An additional, effort that they, the, the…
34:08:960Michele De Carli: The designer has to provide is the calculation of the heat losses and check how much heat losses we have in the…
34:18:200Michele De Carli: the system has in order to help the consumption. So this is just the less demand of the building, okay, hence the level here. The consumption is greater because you are losing some energy between your generator and emission system, okay?
34:34:390Michele De Carli: Okay, so… have a nice weekend, and see you next Tuesday. At least on Tuesday, right?