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00:00:70Michele De Carli: The recording, okay?
00:07:800Michele De Carli: Okay, so, I have, some,
00:16:700Michele De Carli: Okay.io.
00:21:870Michele De Carli: Ugh, okay.
00:26:690Michele De Carli: All right. So, I have a couple of, information for you, okay? So, the first one is that,
00:34:680Michele De Carli: I have talked with Aika, and, we could, have, free tickets for the position, convenient, okay, in Milan. I was planning to go on the 24th.
00:50:440Michele De Carli: of March, okay?
00:53:260Michele De Carli: So, I need still to have some, some additional information. It's Tuesday, okay? So I will, put in Moodle, okay, and…
01:08:270Michele De Carli: I don't know what, but you can fill in, okay, something, okay, uncojo, okay. And, and, you can fill in so that I have the amount of people who will come, and I can also try to rent a bus.
01:27:190Michele De Carli: Okay? So we should go very early in the morning,
01:33:200Michele De Carli: In the morning, so, I mean, I, I…
01:38:360Michele De Carli: I think we could do this, we could leave at around 7 AM, okay, because then it's 30. I don't know if you have ever been in Milan by car, but, you know, usually it is 5.30.
01:53:470Michele De Carli: It's quite, crazy, okay, to do…
01:56:620Michele De Carli: So, I, I will check, okay? So, what you will get is the, is the, okay, the, the travel, and the entrance in the, in the field, okay? And then, you have to arrange your.
02:12:910Michele De Carli: lunch, okay? But hey, you can bring your…
02:20:390Michele De Carli: whatever you like. So, that is the first point. So, I think it will be on Tuesday.
02:27:590Michele De Carli: But default, because it's the only day, actually, okay?
02:30:920Michele De Carli: And, how many of you could be interested in going there?
02:35:550Michele De Carli: Okay.
02:36:490Michele De Carli: Yes. Alright, so, that is the first niche I have also to…
02:45:830Michele De Carli: Are you doing… do you have other lectures on Tuesday, or just this one? Okay, raise your hand, who has other lectures on Tuesday? Okay.
02:55:880Michele De Carli: Anyway, I will talk with the other professor, so that you can…
03:03:240Michele De Carli: Alright, so this is my first point. Second point, on the 26th of March, okay.
03:09:480Michele De Carli: there will be this, happening, okay? We have the open day in, in Israel. In Italy is the laboratory of, zero next meetings of the University of Padua, and we are going to have,
03:24:330Michele De Carli: some, let's say, visiting tours, a guided tour of the house, and also, in the afternoon, there are the Olympic Games, okay, where if you are interested, you can try to, okay, build up something and,
03:40:840Michele De Carli: And, doing some, practical acting.
03:45:380Michele De Carli: S… Keep in mind.
03:52:560Michele De Carli: Okay, as I did last year, okay,
04:01:20Michele De Carli: We are not obliged to come, but if you come, you get one additional point, okay? So you have to get your extra point for this, okay?
04:09:460Michele De Carli: Alright, so… Tu un prepar.
04:16:420Michele De Carli: Believe me, okay. Alright, so, if you want additional points, he can give you some additional points, okay, some… Alright, so,
04:34:900Michele De Carli: Let's… do you want to say anything about the tierra? The… no.
04:39:950Michele De Carli: Nothing more?
04:42:200Michele De Carli: it would be something of a surprise, but I don't know. All right, so there is nothing organized, okay?
04:53:710Michele De Carli: It could be both, both. We can do both, English and Italian. Are you Italian, or…
05:01:530Michele De Carli: Yeah, yeah, but you can come, we can do, burner. That is cheap.
05:06:640Michele De Carli: Okay, no.
05:14:960Michele De Carli: So these are the two, information I want just to show you, okay, you have, you have the Excel sheet, okay, in Bunda, and, here this is a very interesting tool.
05:29:60Michele De Carli: That you can use anytime you like. And, basically, I didn't mention that, but the… in the standard, there is also,
05:39:90Michele De Carli: there is also a procedure, okay, I think it's in BASIC as far as I remember. Anyway, there is a procedure on how to calculate, okay, the P and P and QTB,
05:49:110Michele De Carli: Index, okay? So, this procedure has been implemented in this actual Excel spreadsheet by Professor Zarela, okay?
05:59:710Michele De Carli: And, it is available for you. So here, you can play with the different clothing, or, or, what is the metabolic rate?
06:13:690Michele De Carli: Where is she?
06:15:730Michele De Carli: Activity, yeah, okay. So here you can say, you can put, for instance, 0.8, here you can put 1.2, for instance, and scroll, okay? And, you can see, and you can see, based on your calculations, where you are.
06:32:110Michele De Carli: Okay, it doesn't work, but it will work. Huh?
06:47:700Michele De Carli: Bye-bye.
06:53:410Michele De Carli: I'm not able to read anything. Okay, anyways, you, you can pray with it, and you can, I think you can…
07:03:500Michele De Carli: Alright, so, hmm?
07:10:160Michele De Carli: Yes.
07:11:560Michele De Carli: Now, we go on with this.
07:16:790Michele De Carli: Okay, so we were starting talking about indoor air quality, and indoor environmental quality, okay, and alright, so…
07:31:420Michele De Carli: Just a moment.
07:33:730Michele De Carli: need to…
08:03:480Michele De Carli: Now, it works, but I had to share In Zone.
08:11:100Michele De Carli: Okay.
08:13:890Michele De Carli: All right, so, yes, that is, the… so we were talking about ventilation, why you need to ventilate, and we have seen the importance of ventilation.
08:25:790Michele De Carli: Okay, so, I would like to… Let's see…
08:32:630Michele De Carli: I would like to highlight that we have, basically, let's say, two main issues, okay? On one hand, we need to
08:43:610Michele De Carli: We have some, we have some compounds, okay, which, can be dangerous, okay, for the health of people, and,
08:55:200Michele De Carli: Usually, there is a list of chemical compounds that are supposed to be risky for the…
09:04:510Michele De Carli: health, for the… for the health of, of people. And, there is… there are, let's say, international, but also national limits for this,
09:18:820Michele De Carli: hazardous compounds. And, in this case, usually there is
09:24:870Michele De Carli: a strict limit, okay, where you should not exceed this amount of, let's say, concentration of these chemical compounds, because they are very well… it is a very well-established rule that they might be risked for our purposes, okay.
09:45:70Michele De Carli: In this case, usually the, the…
09:49:420Michele De Carli: When, when dealing with, safety issues and so on, usually, it is, recon, or it is usually, follow this, procedure. Usually.
10:02:550Michele De Carli: you need to consider a certain exposure time, which is the combination of the concentration of these chemical compounds times the time of exposure, okay?
10:16:60Michele De Carli: So, based on, let's say, an assumed amount of time.
10:22:440Michele De Carli: where you are exposed to, okay, then you could have, some limits, and these limits can be either fixed, at a fixed level, or they can be also,
10:37:970Michele De Carli: they can be related to the exposure time of, of, people or occupants, okay? Anyway, there are, okay.
10:48:610Michele De Carli: there are, fixed values and some limits that you cannot exit, okay? Which could be these compounds, where there are several compounds.
10:58:140Michele De Carli: Like, formal guide, okay, and VOCs, and so on. Asbestos, radon, and so on.
11:05:780Michele De Carli: So, these are very well, okay, known, known risky pollutants. We have also some other pollutants, which are not really upsetting, or they are not really risky for the health, but in general, they can
11:23:170Michele De Carli: be responsible of some problems, okay? Especially for, let's say, special types of
11:30:630Michele De Carli: special types of, people who could be particularly, susceptible, okay? And, so, it is always difficult, okay, especially also with this,
11:46:720Michele De Carli: Also with the… if we don't, both these compounds, so for the risky compounds, the risky chemical compounds, and the ones which, are not that risky for the health, okay.
12:01:180Michele De Carli: to fix some limits when you have susceptible, people in HSA, okay? Anyway…
12:14:360Michele De Carli: Usually, on one hand, we need to keep the limits, so we need to keep this,
12:22:120Michele De Carli: The concentration of these risky compounds below a certain level, okay, so that is, mandatory, okay, and we,
12:35:680Michele De Carli: We should consider to have,
12:40:260Michele De Carli: or to respect these limits, okay?
12:46:710Michele De Carli: On the other side, okay, we need, so this is, let's say, the mandatory.
12:58:780Michele De Carli: Okay.
13:02:130Michele De Carli: Por verizi?
13:06:350Michele De Carli: Hi, Reese.
13:12:740Michele De Carli: You'd like.
13:13:840Michele De Carli: And then we have a son.
13:17:210Michele De Carli: Recommended language.
13:22:360Michele De Carli: Okay.
13:23:510Michele De Carli: Would she be respected? Respected by?
13:28:450Michele De Carli: The other, let's say, typical, okay, typical, pollutants that we might have in usual, in usual spaces, okay?
13:46:360Michele De Carli: We will see which are these recommended values, and which would be
13:52:210Michele De Carli: Potential markers, okay, so what we could consider as a reference parameter in order to see if we can consider being a room acceptable or not.
14:08:10Michele De Carli: before doing that, I would like to introduce the, the…
14:14:50Michele De Carli: the definition of the indoor air quality, okay, as it is defined in the ASHRA 62. Okay, so in the ASHRA 62, in the standard ASHRA 62, there is this definition, which is,
14:31:170Michele De Carli: The most recognized definition for the indoor air quality.
14:38:170Michele De Carli: So what is the indoor air quality? Well, you can consider to have acceptable indoor air quality, okay? So, you can consider that the air quality is properly, okay, is correct, when you have
14:56:220Michele De Carli: That the, the concentration, okay, of, very well-known contaminants of this
15:06:490Michele De Carli: Okay, contaminants are below the national levels, okay, that usually are present in all the countries, okay?
15:15:700Michele De Carli: And so if these compounds are below this limit, okay.
15:22:850Michele De Carli: And, when the majority of people, okay.
15:28:570Michele De Carli: are, okay, satisfied. So, you had, in this case, you can see that we have a kind of a similar definition
15:37:340Michele De Carli: of the percentage of people dissatisfied that we have found in the panel. So, in this case, we can consider that at least
15:50:00Michele De Carli: 80% of people should be satisfied inside of them, okay? So, you can consider that, we are… we can make a survey, okay, among people, and we can, and we… and we can consider an acceptable
16:08:470Michele De Carli: In the air quality, if at least 80% of people are satisfied with the air quality, or if satisfied, okay?
16:20:640Michele De Carli: or maximum?
16:24:300Michele De Carli: 90% are dissatisfied.
16:29:360Michele De Carli: Okay?
16:33:680Michele De Carli: We are going to see
16:35:630Michele De Carli: when and how we can consider this limit, okay, and which can be the… how we can relay, okay, the…
16:44:820Michele De Carli: acceptable ventilation, or when we have an acceptable ventilation on Earth, and when we get this 20%, or if we get lower, percentage of people will satisfy.
17:00:330Michele De Carli: Now, again, We need air, fresh air, anything, okay.
17:09:190Michele De Carli: And the amount of air entering will dilute the positions,
17:16:780Michele De Carli: Let's consider that we have no risky pollutants, okay? So we are in a… we are mainly considering
17:24:800Michele De Carli: Usually on CD and magnolis, okay, that… Homes.
17:31:40Michele De Carli: schools, offices, okay, here, for instance. So, in these buildings, we don't… we should not have, let's say, risky, risky concentrations of, well-recognized compounds, okay?
17:46:340Michele De Carli: Which are usually okay, which may, okay, may be a problem, but They are not usually, okay.
17:57:190Michele De Carli: or often, okay, a problem in this… in the… in the usual CBD.
18:04:530Michele De Carli: So now what we want is to, let's say, consider that we want to remove the usual pollutants, okay, that we have here, and this has to be done by mitigation, so we
18:17:530Michele De Carli: Bring him.
18:19:200Michele De Carli: air, okay, the air is, is, dilute in the pollutants, okay? And, and, we have, then, we reduce the concentration of these pollutants, because fresh air intestine and exhaust air gas.
18:38:340Michele De Carli: Then we can glue that by hand, okay, by opening and closing the windows. We have, anyway, always some mutations, okay, because we have some…
18:48:60Michele De Carli: Some opening, some… there is always a gap between the envelope and the outdoor environment.
18:59:340Michele De Carli: So, at the end, we have a…
19:02:440Michele De Carli: fluorid. Okay, so we have some air entering and getting out from the beginning.
19:09:30Michele De Carli: Either in a manual way, or by, let's say, natural circulation, as we've seen, or by means of flowers, okay, so by electric
19:19:990Michele De Carli: Supply, and, and we have a fund, supplying or exhausting here, and or exhausting.
19:27:160Michele De Carli: So how can we define the
19:29:900Michele De Carli: the amount of air that we want to bring in a building? Well, there are several possibilities.
19:38:680Michele De Carli: I told you that we have, usually that, we have not so many, risky
19:46:600Michele De Carli: compounds in the building, okay? So we might have some, some, some, some pollutants, okay? But let's say that it is a very well-recognized,
20:01:640Michele De Carli: Second, that the main generation of pollutants in the building
20:08:270Michele De Carli: are Alexa. And so people, they are the, okay, main,
20:14:280Michele De Carli: Pollutant, producers in, sources, okay.
20:19:300Michele De Carli: pollution sources in rooms, okay? Because we breathe, okay, we are emitting vapor, we are emitting CO2, we are emitting the so-called bioethylance, okay? Biofference is a mix of chemical compounds, okay?
20:35:900Michele De Carli: And, we, are, let's say, we are, always okay, emitting this. We are, we, we generate this kind of, pollution.
20:50:150Michele De Carli: So, one possibility is specifying the volumetric flow rate in liters per second per person, okay? Volume.
20:59:810Michele De Carli: rate, okay, liters per second. Or, we can consider, if we don't know exactly how many people are in a certain
21:07:510Michele De Carli: Okay, here, for instance, it's seeds, and we can count the amount of seeds that we have, okay? And if we know which is the recommended value of liters per second per person, we just multiply by the seeds, okay, and we have the overall amount of carbon off fresh air.
21:26:330Michele De Carli: But in a residential building, for instance, we don't know exactly how many people will live there. If they are, they're not, okay? They might be out, they might be in. So usually what we consider is an average ventilation per square area.
21:45:160Michele De Carli: Order is also another, way to estimate, okay, which is, I mean, anyway, similar to this, and this is called air change parallel, or air change rate. Okay, what it does? It means
22:02:40Michele De Carli: Well, let's say that, we have…
22:06:650Michele De Carli: The volume for a rate is a volume.
22:09:650Michele De Carli: Divided by time, okay, so it's surface.
22:15:90Michele De Carli: Okay, in its dimension is, the cubic carbon length divided by a time, okay? So, usually, it can be liters per second.
22:25:810Michele De Carli: are usually cubic meters. Okay, so these are two equivalent ways to express the volumetric.
22:34:720Michele De Carli: Okay?
22:35:840Michele De Carli: So, automatic flow rate means that we have, okay, meters per second, cubic meters per hour, so, usually.
22:47:280Michele De Carli: You can express meters per second, or cubic meter power, okay, and in this case.
22:52:540Michele De Carli: how you can go from liters per second to cubic meters per hour, okay? Well, it's not that difficult, okay? You have just to multiply by 1000 and divide by 3.3, okay?
23:07:410Michele De Carli: Sorry, let's say that,
23:10:790Michele De Carli: 1 liter, 1 cubic meter piece.
23:14:320Michele De Carli: We test, right? And one alert is…
23:18:650Michele De Carli: 3,600 seconds, okay? So, in this case, okay, when you want to consider
23:28:220Michele De Carli: meters per second, and you won't be, express the liters per second cubic meters per hour, okay? You just can multiply this by 3.6, okay? So if you multiply the liters per second by 3.6, you can get the cubic meters per hour.
23:45:470Michele De Carli: are, Which can be hidden.
23:49:820Michele De Carli: Okay, so if we had, like, I'm sorry.
23:58:270Michele De Carli: Yeah, okay, so that is… we are going to see that, okay, in, in, in, in, so remember that we are going to, okay, to…
24:06:870Michele De Carli: to see these, figures, okay, quite forward. Anyway!
24:12:110Michele De Carli: We can describe meters per second or cubic meter per hour, okay?
24:16:730Michele De Carli: And in this case, okay, we have… That,
24:27:930Michele De Carli: Usually.
24:39:30Michele De Carli: the building, or the roofs, okay, we have to consider the floor area.
24:44:620Michele De Carli: Like we have here, and the height, okay, that we have.
24:48:680Michele De Carli: so in this case, the volume would be the air for the core air times the height, okay? Of course, this is…
24:58:310Michele De Carli: cubic meters, right? And this is the volume over, okay, So, if we…
25:05:580Michele De Carli: Suggests a certain throw rate in cubic meters per hour of fresh air in the room, right?
25:16:30Michele De Carli: a very, useful.
25:23:00Michele De Carli: Parameter is the supposed air change plate.
25:26:880Michele De Carli: Echin Drake is a romantic bearer, so it is a…
25:33:180Michele De Carli: Cubic meters per hour that you have in a… in a room or in a building, okay?
25:42:380Michele De Carli: Divided by the cubic meters of the, of the volume of the room.
25:50:260Michele De Carli: Don Viseles is…
25:55:960Michele De Carli: power to the first one. Okay, so in directions. Okay, so…
26:01:940Michele De Carli: In this case, okay, the, the…
26:06:80Michele De Carli: Imagine that you had a room or a flat of 300 people up.
26:15:650Michele De Carli: What… which are the usual heights that we consider in meetings, okay? So usually… 2.8, sorry? 2.8 or 6. So, 2.7, okay, is the usual height here in Italy, okay? So here in Italy, the usual height is 2.7 for residential meetings.
26:35:240Michele De Carli: And the… and… Jenny?
26:38:720Michele De Carli: board offices.
26:41:830Michele De Carli: Okay, so these are the usual hands. Remember that this is just here in Italy, okay? Or here in the
26:51:110Michele De Carli: povalle. If you go in the mountain, it can be smaller, because
26:56:300Michele De Carli: In colder climates, okay, historically, you wanted to keep, okay, the buildings
27:02:680Michele De Carli: Smaller, in order to, okay, to…
27:05:730Michele De Carli: had loss… less heat loss, okay? So, it might be that in, like, Central Europe or Northern Europe, they had to be 2.4 to 45, okay? So, 30 centimeter mass, okay?
27:20:340Michele De Carli: So this is the… this depends on the habits, okay? But here we have two points, okay?
27:26:480Michele De Carli: So, let's say around is 53 meters.
27:30:980Michele De Carli: a roof, or a flat of 300 cubic meters, if we have 3 meters high, which is the floor area.
27:41:400Michele De Carli: Check it.
27:42:380Michele De Carli: Yes, because if you divide the volume by the height, you get the floor area, okay? So 300 divided by 3 is 100,
27:53:100Michele De Carli: Scrummy, get offloaded, okay?
27:55:800Michele De Carli: If you want to say, okay, I have for these 3 cubic meters of volume.
28:03:420Michele De Carli: I suggest you have 150 cubic meters per hour as the dimension for it, okay, as… so in this case, you divide
28:12:900Michele De Carli: 150, which is the flow rate, volume flow rate, divided by the volume of the BB, you have 0.5.
28:22:760Michele De Carli: air change rates, okay? So it's in cold, usually it's air change rates, okay? Volumiora, in Italian, okay? But it's…
28:32:300Michele De Carli: 1 divided by hour, okay, is dimension, okay?
28:35:660Michele De Carli: So, half air change rate, okay, is the usual. If you want to recommend a certain flow rate, for instance, in a residential building, if you suggest half air change rate.
28:49:70Michele De Carli: It is, everywhere, half-change rate. If your building is 300 cubic meters, it will be 150 cubic meters per hour. If your building is 1,000 cubic meters, it will be 500 cubic meters per hour, and so on. Okay, so the air change rate, okay, is the usual
29:08:00Michele De Carli: Recommended volume, okay.
29:11:470Michele De Carli: for a typical building, so half the exchange rate is usually, okay, the recommended value for a residential building. Okay, so…
29:22:600Michele De Carli: For a residential building.
29:30:480Michele De Carli: For an office meeting, for research would be wine.
29:33:940Michele De Carli: Air change ring, okay?
29:37:40Michele De Carli: Usually, these are differential of data. You can have a office.me.
29:44:140Michele De Carli: Okay?
29:45:370Michele De Carli: So, you can add different, ways to… anyway, okay, if you express the energy rate just as it is.
29:54:460Michele De Carli: Okay, you then, by multiplying the volume, you will get easily, okay, the volumetric flow rate.
30:04:330Michele De Carli: Okay, so,
30:08:790Michele De Carli: So you can have, okay, this, let's say, you can define the liters per second per area, the liters per second per person, or the air change rate, okay? You can record… you can have the amount of fresh air entering you.
30:25:990Michele De Carli: How much? Okay, and how can we get these recommended values? Well.
30:32:30Michele De Carli: we can think about as a game. The definition, okay, we have it.
30:38:620Michele De Carli: Again, a statistic analysis to possible, okay?
30:44:410Michele De Carli: In this case, for the air quality.
30:48:00Michele De Carli: is not like for thermal comfort. For thermal comfort, we are seeing that you can change.
30:54:320Michele De Carli: one parameter per time, and you can get, okay, the acceptance of people inside of them. Okay, so you can have, you can change the claw, you can change the activity, you can change the… by changing the text, okay, you can set it in the bottom.
31:11:480Michele De Carli: The problem that we have is that we might have Thousands of chemicals.
31:17:950Michele De Carli: in the air, okay? And it's almost impossible, okay, to change the concentration of 8,000 canvas. And also, another problem.
31:29:980Michele De Carli: Is that when you mix chemicals, if you imagine that you carry two, two, three, four chemicals, then they can combine, and you have
31:40:160Michele De Carli: Okay? Other compounds.
31:42:390Michele De Carli: So, the problem is really difficult in that case, okay? So, you cannot expose people to different chemicals, different compounds, and ask them to rate the quality of the air.
31:56:520Michele De Carli: But again, we can think about what I told you. Which is the most recognized source of pollution in rooms?
32:07:320Michele De Carli: Persons, yes. So, what you could do, you could put a person in a, in an environment, okay, or you can…
32:17:880Michele De Carli: Put centers, some people inside of a room.
32:21:270Michele De Carli: And you can have a blind, okay, survey of people, Okay,
32:29:840Michele De Carli: And by smelling the air coming from this room, okay, you can get, okay, the acceptance of people on…
32:39:230Michele De Carli: So you can, by putting 1, 2, 3 people, or let's say, by considering the airflow rate with respect to the person, so meters per second per person, okay, you can have, okay, the acceptance of people.
32:57:560Michele De Carli: Or you can feel, okay, you can make the survey, you can make the statistical analysis, okay, because you can use the olfactory size, which is, of course, very, well, interesting,
33:12:840Michele De Carli: Okay, I want to just remind you that it's a Raxer and Limba book, they led the Nobel Prize on the
33:21:710Michele De Carli: mechanics of all this, isn't it?
33:24:410Michele De Carli: So, what you can do, basically, okay, you can put
33:28:940Michele De Carli: The persons in the room, and by changing the ventilation rate, or by keeping the same people in the room, and changing the authority, you can, okay, check which is the percentage of dissatisfied, okay, by changing the liters per second per person.
33:46:410Michele De Carli: Okay? So, in that way, you can build up this curve, which is representing the percentage of people dissatisfied with respect to the flow rate, recommended flow rate per person per meters per second per person.
34:00:880Michele De Carli: So, we can see that if we want, we said that we can have maximum 20% of people dissatisfied, okay, then 20% of people dissatisfied, okay, they are, okay.
34:16:770Michele De Carli: You can get done, you can help.
34:21:100Michele De Carli: Okay, it doesn't work. You can have around…
34:24:790Michele De Carli: Okay? 6, 7 meters per second per person. Okay, so this is the minimum amount of air that you can supply in the room.
34:34:190Michele De Carli: If you have less, prorate, okay, you will exceed the 20% of people dissatisfied.
34:42:489Michele De Carli: Of course, This is the minimum quantity. Of course, you can have
34:48:80Michele De Carli: Better in quantity, which means you can decrease the people dissatisfied.
34:54:520Michele De Carli: For instance, if you want 15% of people dissatisfied, okay, this can be met, okay, by
35:02:890Michele De Carli: Okay, let's say 10 meters per second with that, okay?
35:07:260Michele De Carli: And if you want now to improve further the quality of air, so if you want, for instance, to get… to get 10% of people dissatisfied, then you need to increase, okay, further, so 15, okay.
35:24:450Michele De Carli: liters per second. If you want 5% of people dissatisfied, you can see that you have to increase very much the ventilation, the problematic fluid.
35:34:330Michele De Carli: In 20th.
35:35:780Michele De Carli: Of course, again, You have to go see her.
35:40:310Michele De Carli: That your dream is in here.
35:43:380Michele De Carli: warm air in water, and hot, warm air. Usama.
35:48:850Michele De Carli: And you need to heat up, or do down here in the sun.
35:54:410Michele De Carli: The greater the ventilation flow rate, the greater the…
36:00:140Michele De Carli: empathy that you need to, okay, to provide air, And to miracle.
36:07:660Michele De Carli: So, the greater the intonation operates, the greater the energy.
36:12:770Michele De Carli: Don't search.
36:14:240Michele De Carli: So, again, it is.
36:16:560Michele De Carli: A balance between an acceptable or a proper quality, and on the other side, a proper energy demand of the building, okay?
36:29:660Michele De Carli: So…
36:34:860Michele De Carli: This slide is, let's say, it's saying, telling us, okay, what we have seen in the previous, in the previous, in the chart, okay, so here you can see that,
36:46:550Michele De Carli: By go… by… by reaching, or by, by, by…
36:55:130Michele De Carli: going from 20% to 15% of people dissatisfied, we have to increase by 50% vaccination per rate, as if we consider a minimum requirement. We need to double it if we want 10%, and we need to, okay.
37:10:380Michele De Carli: To multiply by 3.5, the volume flow rate, okay, by considering the base case of particles.
37:21:200Michele De Carli: In Italy, okay, so this is, okay, what we get
37:26:620Michele De Carli: what we got from the tests, again, done in the U.S. Copenhagen, again by Sanger, okay?
37:38:220Michele De Carli: Historically, in Italy, okay, it has been always recommended to not get lower, or…
37:51:260Michele De Carli: Then, 6 meters per second per person, okay, even before these studies.
37:58:00Michele De Carli: And the recommended values From, let's say, the 80s, 90s.
38:03:80Michele De Carli: is usually 10 liters per second per person, okay? So…
38:07:660Michele De Carli: basically, what Panger has, has… Experience in this test, okay?
38:16:570Michele De Carli: Was that, actually.
38:21:50Michele De Carli: The usual practical rules of 65% per person is actually what we have, what we can get if we want to have 20% of people dissatisfied.
38:33:290Michele De Carli: But the most appropriate ventilation period could be 10 meters per second per person, okay? That is because
38:42:640Michele De Carli: The… in that way, we can get 50% of people, so we can have a better air quality, and at the same time, we don't have to really increase that much the ventilation flow rate, so for energy purposes.
38:57:330Michele De Carli: Okay, now there is an additional Boy!
39:03:240Michele De Carli: Because in this case, the…
39:10:970Michele De Carli: The air was… Smelled by outdoor people.
39:17:560Michele De Carli: Now, it's like that, there is a person coming in.
39:22:770Michele De Carli: Involting the air quality that we have.
39:25:920Michele De Carli: But as you know, after 5-10 minutes.
39:30:110Michele De Carli: your olfactory sense will, okay?
39:35:620Michele De Carli: We'll, adapt to the current timing.
39:42:470Michele De Carli: So, there is a recent analysis, okay.
39:46:750Michele De Carli: Which is called, adapted, evaluation, adaptive persons.
39:52:970Michele De Carli: And it is the quality that is,
39:57:510Michele De Carli: Rated by people who are adapted to a certain environment, okay?
40:04:170Michele De Carli: Of course!
40:05:610Michele De Carli: If you are an external person entering in and voting the, the, the, the, the…
40:12:530Michele De Carli: The… the concentration of pollutants of the smell… let's say, the smell of the… on the air, okay?
40:22:250Michele De Carli: He will, probably, or she will, probably, okay, no, she will for sure, rate a… A lower quality?
40:34:340Michele De Carli: Then, a person who could be adapted.
40:38:20Michele De Carli: So, how much is the difference? Well, more or less, okay, usually it is 1 3rd, okay, so you can divide by 1 3rd, okay, by 3.
40:52:700Michele De Carli: But you can't divide by 3, okay. The prorate, in order to get, okay, the same acceptability level.
41:01:280Michele De Carli: For an adaptive person to an external person.
41:05:870Michele De Carli: So, in that case, okay.
41:09:70Michele De Carli: You can see that the curve that we have seen, they will change, and in this case, you can have 20% of these satisfied people with 2.5 liters per second. Okay, so…
41:23:690Michele De Carli: The 15% with 40%, and you can see that 10 meters per second of that person
41:29:630Michele De Carli: In this case, we've got to find just 5% of the 10 cases.
41:34:200Michele De Carli: Okay?
41:35:580Michele De Carli: There is, but it has been defined a limit where you should not go below, which is
41:45:780Michele De Carli: 4 liters per second. Okay, so 4 liters per second comparison.
41:50:80Michele De Carli: Below this value, 4, 5 liters per cell, okay, is,
41:56:470Michele De Carli: Lower limit that you cannot exceed, okay?
42:00:100Michele De Carli: And that is because, okay, again, historically.
42:06:00Michele De Carli: the 6 liters per second per person. It's based on, let's say, experience, okay, on…
42:12:990Michele De Carli: on, let's say, historical data, okay, so it has been recognized that going below 6 meters per second per kilon, 5, okay, then in this case, the air quality would be too low. Okay, so this is the…
42:31:880Michele De Carli: Okay, so, there is… so,
42:38:950Michele De Carli: Let's say that the usual values, okay, to summarize.
42:44:60Michele De Carli: The usual values that are usually used in, in the… Practice, okay?
42:54:50Michele De Carli: Is for office meetings, gay?
42:59:950Michele De Carli: So, the best would be to have 10 liters per second papers. This is the usual rule that we have in Italy, okay?
43:10:450Michele De Carli: Which, more or less leads to…
43:13:720Michele De Carli: We are here to enjoy it, okay?
43:16:990Michele De Carli: Morris.
43:18:700Michele De Carli: Okay.
43:19:810Michele De Carli: Why? Because… We will see that, wow, okay? And in residential greetings.
43:37:810Michele De Carli: is happier teacher, okay? So this is more or less… What you get is.
43:44:400Michele De Carli: recommended items. But, as you will see, okay, you can choose. The designer can choose the… the amount of work.
43:53:530Michele De Carli: Now, let's, stop here, and let's have a look at the pollutants concentration table. So, how can we define the concentration of pollutants in them? Okay, so…
44:10:750Michele De Carli: That… concentration of pollutants in the room, okay, is, of course, related to the
44:21:840Michele De Carli: out of concentration of pollutants, okay? So, we have…
44:26:650Michele De Carli: We assume to have fresh air and for concept, okay, and of course, this air, okay, has a certain amount of pollutants, okay, concentration.
44:38:800Michele De Carli: We have… a flow rate, Okay, which could be… climate change rate.
44:48:960Michele De Carli: Half an air change rate, okay, whatever.
44:54:10Michele De Carli: And we have the… generation of… And she's…
45:03:170Michele De Carli: A rate, okay, a continuation rate, of course.
45:10:20Michele De Carli: And we can consider, okay, a starting time zero.
45:17:830Michele De Carli: A certain concentration inside of the book, okay, as basic concentration.
45:22:880Michele De Carli: Okay, so imagine that we are considering A pneumoni, okay, where you're…
45:31:260Michele De Carli: the people… I mean, this room has been void for, let's say, at least 5 hours, at least from 8…
45:41:370Michele De Carli: They are on previous afternoon.
45:44:160Michele De Carli: We had some gaps, so we had some infiltration, which led to a certain, okay, baseline concentration side of the roof, which could be the external view higher, yes.
45:58:140Michele De Carli: And now, before that thing, so we have some generation, okay, great, of, of contamination.
46:08:280Michele De Carli: And, we…
46:12:70Michele De Carli: At the end, we have a certain concentration in the room, okay, which is a balance between the fresh.
46:21:170Michele De Carli: The volume flow rate of the pressure, the generation, the contaminant rate, and of course, the baseline.
46:30:680Michele De Carli: And we can assume to have a, as you can see here, a uniform distribution in the concentration, okay?
46:43:340Michele De Carli: And we extract the air with the same amount of fluid, so we assume that the
46:50:170Michele De Carli: Flow rate of the year is much greater than the
46:54:300Michele De Carli: rate of contamination, okay, generation. Okay, so the good gene is much smaller Dave.
47:03:150Michele De Carli: Q of the retinition rate, so that Okay?
47:08:110Michele De Carli: But, of course, the exoneration of contaminants will, okay, lead to a certain concentration, okay, so the exoneration of contaminants will lead to a certain concentration in the
47:17:960Michele De Carli: Uniform concentration, so we start here with this concentration.
47:24:450Michele De Carli: If we defer, The flow rate of air.
47:29:910Michele De Carli: In cubic means to hell.
47:32:570Michele De Carli: The contamination rate meters per hour, so you can see that we have
47:37:450Michele De Carli: Okay, 3 orders of magnitude difference. That is why we can consider that the volume rate of the air is not affected by the
47:47:360Michele De Carli: Contaminant rate, but the contaminant rate will lead to a certain concentration.
47:52:740Michele De Carli: If we express the fresh air in cubic meters per hour, and the contamination rate in meters per hour.
47:59:860Michele De Carli: Dang?
48:01:490Michele De Carli: The consideration can be packed per million, okay?
48:08:60Michele De Carli: Of course, we need to consider 1,000, okay? So this is the usual… the usual
48:14:310Michele De Carli: Equation that we use for considering the concentration.
48:19:590Michele De Carli: In general, okay, so in general, we see that after a certain time here, okay, could be…
48:30:30Michele De Carli: 10 minutes after 8, half hour after 8, 9, okay, and so on.
48:36:140Michele De Carli: The concentration of pollutants is the outer concentration, because we bring outer air.
48:47:20Michele De Carli: The ratio between the generation rate of compartments and the volumatic flow rate of the air times 1
48:56:80Michele De Carli: 1,000, because… We are considering part per million, okay? So liters per hour divided cubic meters per hour is
49:05:360Michele De Carli: Part per thousand, okay, so part per million, we have to consider 1,000 times the issue.
49:12:860Michele De Carli: And this is the steady state, okay?
49:18:00Michele De Carli: This is the… these two… these two, figures, okay, these first two terms, are the same, the steady-state conditions, and then the dynamic condition is related, okay, to an exponential function.
49:35:740Michele De Carli: Okay, where we have, where N is the air change rate, okay.
49:42:160Michele De Carli: and the time, okay? So, we can, of course.
49:48:770Michele De Carli: Depending on the, on the, on the, on the problem, we can consider dynamic cognition as to this definition.
49:56:60Michele De Carli: So, we start, we are mainly concentrating right now in the steady state. So, I want to highlight that here we are talking about designing, okay? In the design, we are going to make some very easy assumptions, or quick assumptions. So, we are going to see what happens in steady second.
50:16:20Michele De Carli: So, which is the pollutant? Which are the pollutants? We said that pollutants are usually
50:23:430Michele De Carli: Bio reference, okay, so we can consider different products. But there is a quite, quite, recognized, well-recognized market for the, for people, and so…
50:37:40Michele De Carli: When we breathe, Okay, we emit CO2. So, CO2 is a market, okay? So, it means that by
50:47:20Michele De Carli: By checking the concentration of CO2 in a room, we can see the
50:54:30Michele De Carli: the quality of the air of the room due to the bioethylance, okay?
51:00:550Michele De Carli: So, we can consider…
51:03:910Michele De Carli: we want… so if we want to analyze the air quality in a room, we can put a sensor of CO2, okay? So, so usually, when you may want to make the
51:16:280Michele De Carli: the monitoring of the indoor environmental quality. Usually, you use temperature and their humidity, Okay, for…
51:25:780Michele De Carli: comfort, okay, and air really,
51:30:300Michele De Carli: And if you want to look at the air quality, then you usually use a CO2 sensor, okay?
51:36:530Michele De Carli: Of course, the CO2 sensor, it has two problems. One is costing more than the air temperature sensor. And the second point, it needs always to be feeded, okay? So, it has to run constantly, okay? So, the temperature sensor
51:55:780Michele De Carli: So, right? You can just, you can add liquid.
52:00:710Michele De Carli: usually installed for cache.
52:04:90Michele De Carli: But it does not to be always speeded by, by electricity, okay? The CO2 sensor is always… it's kind of pumped, okay? So you need always to, okay, to… to… to…
52:18:200Michele De Carli: It has to be always connected to… to the… communities, okay?
52:24:150Michele De Carli: Okay, so…
52:27:340Michele De Carli: Now, instead of conditions, we have just these two terms, so the, the, the, the, the, the equation is this one.
52:38:620Michele De Carli: Again, the… these are important, okay, to…
52:42:850Michele De Carli: know that the concentration of CO2 inside of the room It's affected by the elder.
52:51:560Michele De Carli: circular constellation. Either you measure it, okay, so… or you can assume it to be 400, 500 pounds. Okay, so usually…
53:02:280Michele De Carli: Of course, it might depend on the pollution outside, okay, but usually it is, okay, you can assume to have 400, 500 EPM as basic,
53:13:390Michele De Carli: attention.
53:17:240Michele De Carli: as CO2 rate, you can consider to have about
53:24:860Michele De Carli: 12 liters of CO2 per hour per person in rest, 18 liters of CO2 per hour in sedentary activity.
53:33:750Michele De Carli: Okay, so this can be used in residential buildings, and this can be used for researching obfus.
53:40:710Michele De Carli: So now, let's have a look… so let's have a look what we can expect to have as
53:48:640Michele De Carli: concentration of CO2, of CO2 in a room with respect to the outer concentration. So, delta, okay, between the CO2 that we are measuring inside of the room with respect to CO2 outside.
54:04:210Michele De Carli: Imagine that… so the first, for example, is an office, okay? 16 square meters, 3 meters high, he said, okay? 16 meters… square meters for area.
54:15:530Michele De Carli: We have 4 paracels, okay? And in this case.
54:20:240Michele De Carli: We consider to have to define for it.
54:27:650Michele De Carli: 36 cubic meter per person per hour? Do you… do you remember? How… can you… Can you…
54:37:880Michele De Carli: Tell me which is the volume flow rate in liters per second per person.
54:44:890Michele De Carli: I told you there is 3.6 as… Yep, is,
54:51:840Michele De Carli: If we divide by 3.6, we get…
54:56:510Michele De Carli: 10 liters per second papers. I told you.
55:00:360Michele De Carli: If we multiply 10 meters per second per person by 3.6, we get
55:06:920Michele De Carli: the cubic meter valve. Okay, so this is the usually recommended, truly.
55:13:410Michele De Carli: Okay, historically by the standards, okay? So the 10 meters per second per person, which leads to, let's say, 10%, 15% of people dissatisfied in that.
55:25:140Michele De Carli: internet, if we have, A person from outside.
55:31:860Michele De Carli: rating the quality. It's shifting its,
55:37:440Michele De Carli: If the percent is 10%, okay, If we enter…
55:44:400Michele De Carli: And, okay, so, in this case, okay.
55:50:110Michele De Carli: We can see that, we have
55:54:770Michele De Carli: So, we have 4 persons.
55:58:690Michele De Carli: We said 18 liters of CO2
56:02:860Michele De Carli: per hour proposal. So this is the… contamination fluorate.
56:09:730Michele De Carli: So, 4 times 18 is 72 liters of CO2 per hour, okay, 4 persons, okay?
56:18:240Michele De Carli: We are… so this is independent on the flow rate, so we consider to have this room with 4 people, and we want to check which is the concentration. If we either ventilate with 36 cubic meters per hour per person.
56:33:860Michele De Carli: Or if we ventilate by half of this ventilation curve.
56:39:790Michele De Carli: So, in this case, okay, in the case of 36 cubic meters per hour per person, We have.
56:47:660Michele De Carli: that the concentration of CO2 is 72,
56:54:110Michele De Carli: divided by 36 times 4, because we have 4 parts. 36 cubic meter power per person times 4.
57:02:300Michele De Carli: At the end, we have 500 ppm.
57:05:720Michele De Carli: Okay, so 500 parts per million of CO2 concentration, Greater than elder.
57:15:530Michele De Carli: So, in the room, more or less, we will have 500 plus 500, so if we measure the surface attention, it would be 1000, but we have 500 outside a solar delta.
57:27:190Michele De Carli: So, the increase, or the amount of CO2 concentrations that we have in the room, with respect, or by considering the base oil, the base CO2 concentration that we have outside is 500, okay?
57:43:170Michele De Carli: If we ventilate less.
57:46:850Michele De Carli: the amount of generation of CO2 is the same, because the people are doing the same activity.
57:55:650Michele De Carli: So, always 72 liters of CO2 per hour. Now, we ventilate less, we ventilate with
58:03:60Michele De Carli: 16 times 4 cubic meters per hour.
58:07:530Michele De Carli: And we have… They double our concentration of soap.
58:13:550Michele De Carli: Okay, so… Basically, The smaller the flow rate, the bigger the circularity.
58:22:240Michele De Carli: Okay?
58:23:280Michele De Carli: Again, the sheer too, is just a marker, okay? So, is a marker, it means that we… We…
58:35:40Michele De Carli: We are not directly measuring bioeth, but it is a good matter, so it's representing, okay, the quality of the air that we have in our room. That is why we use CO2 concentration in rooms where we want to check also the indoor atmosphere.
58:53:610Michele De Carli: Now, in a home, okay, I…
59:01:230Michele De Carli: In this case, we can consider
59:05:650Michele De Carli: This is more or less 9… 100… square meters of total air?
59:12:890Michele De Carli: And I said, that's okay.
59:16:820Michele De Carli: So, like, a effort area of 9.5 times 10, so 95 kilometers, okay, times 2.7
59:27:790Michele De Carli: meter height, which is the usual height in a residential building, okay, 2.7 meters.
59:34:270Michele De Carli: And that will give… will lead to about…
59:38:10Michele De Carli: 250 cubic meters. This is the overall volume of one.
59:42:720Michele De Carli: house, okay? We are not considering any, okay, subdivision of the house into different units, okay? We just consider one empty volume, and we don't really consider the distribution of the rooms in the house, kitchen, and so on.
59:58:350Michele De Carli: You just consider the overall volume of that.
00:02:30Michele De Carli: Let's consider to have 4 occupants. In this case, we admit less because we are in Russia, usually, okay?
00:12:540Michele De Carli: In this case, we have 60 liters of CO2 per hour, okay? And we can consider to have two different
00:24:220Michele De Carli: Air change rate is half air change rate, or 0.3 air change rate.
00:31:310Michele De Carli: Volume hora is the usual way we say in Eton, okay? So, voluma hora is air change rate, okay? In English, it's air change per hour, or air change rate. Volume hora is the
00:44:830Michele De Carli: Usually, it will say it in time. We say volume aura, but volume means nothing, because at the end, it's just 1 divided by hour, okay?
00:53:240Michele De Carli: But we are used to say volumes matter, okay?
00:57:440Michele De Carli: Mulume is not ventilation, okay? Mulume is volume, okay?
01:02:300Michele De Carli: By the way, Are you learning Italian?
01:07:140Michele De Carli: No, that is bad.
01:09:550Michele De Carli: You have to learn stuff, okay?
01:12:280Michele De Carli: Because then it's a problem for us too, okay?
01:15:530Michele De Carli: To… to give me the proper work, okay, because…
01:20:60Michele De Carli: people here, I mean, the companies here, they want people to speak out at least understand that. Anyway, Boruma, okay, is the typical way you say it.
01:31:340Michele De Carli: And so, when we… When we… so, they brought half
01:39:600Michele De Carli: Air change rate means 130 cubic meters per hour.
01:45:290Michele De Carli: 0.3, okay, which is a value that we are going to see, okay, in the future, what it means.
01:52:450Michele De Carli: It is 75 cubic meters per hour, okay, so…
01:59:60Michele De Carli: Almost half of the validation program that we have, but with half the achievement.
02:05:00Michele De Carli: In this case, again, we divide the generation of CO2
02:11:280Michele De Carli: Rate that we have in the room, 60 meters per hour.
02:15:250Michele De Carli: Because we consider four persons, and we get…
02:19:50Michele De Carli: Okay, divided by half the exchange rate, we get more or less the same value that we had before, 500 parts per million.
02:29:960Michele De Carli: Similar to this one.
02:31:730Michele De Carli: Okay, so you can see… That also, from the air quality point of view.
02:37:310Michele De Carli: The 10 meters per second per person.
02:40:980Michele De Carli: is equivalent in terms of, let's say, value of CO2 concentration than the half-air change rate. Okay, so these are the usual figures that have been used in the past, okay? And here you can see that
02:57:210Michele De Carli: They are not just put,
03:08:820Michele De Carli: Admin, I would say, but I don't know. It's, difficult to, to translate. You can ask your colleagues, okay, to better make you understand what is the answer to the administration. And, okay, anyway, it's not put, like, I mean, you know?
03:26:110Michele De Carli: just a fear, Okay?
03:28:800Michele De Carli: Okay, I do it, but it's, I mean, there is a reason behind, okay? There is… there is, historical reasons, historical, okay, observation and so on. Okay, so you can see that half the change rate, okay, leads to the same
03:46:930Michele De Carli: amount of concentration that you have if you consider 10 liters per second. So, 10 liters per second per person is a proper value, okay, for the air quality in office buildings.
04:01:60Michele De Carli: Half air change rate is a proper value, okay, for the air quality of the residential vehicles.
04:08:860Michele De Carli: If you have less concentration… sorry, if you have less ventilation flow rate, you will have a greater concentration, okay?
04:16:980Michele De Carli: Okay, by the way, okay, no, by the way, no, because I… it will take too much time, so in case, I will…
04:28:290Michele De Carli: I will tell you, but it's okay.
04:30:310Michele De Carli: Well, I can't tell it, okay? I mean,
04:34:870Michele De Carli: Half their change rate, okay, it is also a very interesting work done at the beginning of 2000, okay? They made an incredible survey in Sweden, in residential buildings, and they found that half their change rate was
04:50:150Michele De Carli: The, the value, okay, that they measured in buildings, in residential buildings, and it was, a value
05:00:310Michele De Carli: which minimize the risk of asthma and allergic symptoms, okay, in residential buildings, okay? So, we have several observations and several scientific studies, okay, which
05:14:150Michele De Carli: show that half the exchange rate is the proper value for the ventilation, okay?
05:22:720Michele De Carli: Okay, that is, okay, to make you understand, okay, the… how you can consider, okay, the…
05:30:950Michele De Carli: the… how to use this equation. You don't have to use it always, okay? So usually when you design, you really don't… you would probably…
05:40:970Michele De Carli: Never use that, okay? But remember that in case you want… you need to use that, okay, this is the general equation, and by using that in the steady-state condition, you can, okay, have an estimation of the concentration of CO2 in steady-state condition.
05:57:980Michele De Carli: Now, I want to, just to make you understand what you can get from measurements in monitored buildings from the BMS, for instance, for the meeting management system, okay? Imagine that you have a building, and you're monitoring the air temperature, the circular concentration.
06:16:50Michele De Carli: Now, if you look at the dynamic layer of the concentration of the CO2, okay, these are, of course, which are, let's say, showing you.
06:27:120Michele De Carli: The different air change rates that you can have, and which is the, let's say, the concentration
06:38:210Michele De Carli: That you can have in the rooms, okay, above the outer concentration, okay?
06:44:650Michele De Carli: So you can see that you have a dynamics of about 1 to 2 hours, okay, and then you reach almost, let's rate, cost, okay?
06:55:860Michele De Carli: Who did energy meetings?
07:01:950Michele De Carli: they measured the CO2 concentration in the room, right? How much was it?
07:07:100Michele De Carli: 2000.
07:08:900Michele De Carli: 4,000, 2,000. Okay, so imagine… so in the same room, I think, okay, in the first semester.
07:17:840Michele De Carli: There has been a measurement of the concentration, statistic condition, and it was 2,000 ppm.
07:25:690Michele De Carli: Okay Because… Why? Because the energy drink was not enough for the people inside of the room, okay?
07:38:340Michele De Carli: Any…
07:42:910Michele De Carli: In this case, okay, you're monitoring, remember to consider, let's say, values, after 2 hours, then people are occupying the room.
07:55:240Michele De Carli: And also, if you want to evaluate the regulation for rates that you have initially.
08:02:00Michele De Carli: You can check, okay, the… when people leave the room.
08:08:160Michele De Carli: Okay, so when you have no generation anymore, you can see how the CO2 is dropping, okay? So by looking at the concentration of CO2 drop.
08:20:370Michele De Carli: Okay, inside of a room with a certain information.
08:25:90Michele De Carli: You can estimate the bottom of the ventilation period.
08:29:420Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is an indirect measure on the population plate. Also, if you want to test a certain duty.
08:37:460Michele De Carli: you can go with the… with the… with the CO2, you fill… if you fill the room with the CO2, take care of, okay? There is a concentration.
08:48:229Michele De Carli: But, I mean, you start at a certain concentration, you switch on the fans, and then you see how the CO2, okay, concentration drops down, and by… by this.
09:00:60Michele De Carli: equation, which is an explanation equation, okay, by knowing the outer concentration of certain, you can… you can have the ventilation for rate that you…
09:10:850Michele De Carli: Any…
09:12:229Michele De Carli: It's not always happening, but these are just a couple of, okay, suggestions, okay? So you can use this dynamic equation in the drop-down, either to analyze the regulation for rating in an existing building by monitoring the building, or if you are requesting tests and checking the regulation.
09:30:420Michele De Carli: Okay, now, I want just to, remind that there is a, the standard that I told you, there is a standard on the thermal comfort.
09:42:490Michele De Carli: Which is, giving the four levels of accretion, of comfort.
09:48:149Michele De Carli: is not only related to comfort, but also inor air quality. So we might have high, medium, moderate, or low concentration, sorry, expectation of not only comfort, but also on air quality.
10:04:100Michele De Carli: by considering these two letters, not liters, okay? So the letters of concentration, you can see them here. Again.
10:15:650Michele De Carli: above outdoors, okay, for non-adaptive person, you can see, if you are below 550 ppm, you are
10:25:890Michele De Carli: In the top level of quality, or in your air quality.
10:30:150Michele De Carli: 800 ppm is still allowed, okay? But usually, you should not go, some and then you might be in between.
10:41:10Michele De Carli: Between 800 and 1,350.
10:44:760Michele De Carli: You should never go above 1,300.
10:48:970Michele De Carli: Okay? Now, looking at the letters that we have found in the two examples, okay, we can see that if we have 10 digits per second per person, we might probably have
11:03:880Michele De Carli: A variable one, okay, good quality.
11:07:490Michele De Carli: Also, in a home with half they had changed.
11:11:680Michele De Carli: Power?
11:12:950Michele De Carli: Okay, with, but of course, if we decrease this quantity, we can get different levels of quality over here.
11:23:640Michele De Carli: Okay, okay.
11:29:500Michele De Carli: Mmm…
11:30:820Michele De Carli: I don't want to go too much in detail on that, because this is a little bit, okay, complicated, but I would like to mention just that
11:38:990Michele De Carli: The standard, okay, based on the standard, you can have different ways, okay, which makes the piece a little bit more complicated. There are different ways to estimate the flow rate in buildings, okay, so you can decide.
11:53:280Michele De Carli: Again, by liters per second per person, or liters per second per floor area, or, again, air change.
12:00:240Michele De Carli: Okay?
12:01:270Michele De Carli: Here we have an example, but I think it is a little bit complicated, okay?
12:05:960Michele De Carli: What I would like just to mention, okay, is that we will…
12:11:70Michele De Carli: usually work, okay, with the 10 liters per second per person, and with half their change rate, okay? Because these are the usual values that we're going to use, okay, in… in the… in our calls, okay?
12:27:480Michele De Carli: This is… if you are interested in, you can go here and see some additional information, but I don't want to hang on to go, because it is a little bit complicated. I did it
12:40:730Michele De Carli: two years ago, last year, I didn't have this leadership, but two years ago, I felt that people were lost, okay? So.
12:48:500Michele De Carli: I mean, don't worry, okay, so this is glad for your information.
12:52:520Michele De Carli: And, and it's… Prestios!
12:57:670Michele De Carli: No, I have an additional comment, okay? Remember that, okay, CO2 concentration is a good market for office buildings, and let's say, silly buildings.
13:08:610Michele De Carli: For residential buildings.
13:14:50Michele De Carli: my… my, suggestion is, that you don't really need CO2 concentration, okay?
13:27:440Michele De Carli: Why? Because usually not this breathing, you just breathe, okay? You are not… you have no showers, you are not cooking, and so on, but you have to think about that in homes, you're cooking, you're doing the shower, you have the washing machine, you're drying the clothes, and so on. So, the market is preferably
13:47:380Michele De Carli: The productivity.
13:50:430Michele De Carli: Okay? Because it's not only a question of presence of people, but also on the paper sources as it is. And…
14:02:50Michele De Carli: I would like to, again, tell you.
14:05:170Michele De Carli: In the third section, in the section that it is immutable, you have, some backgrounds of cytometry, of vapor and relative humidity, and so on. I want to, again, tell you, but I will not,
14:24:580Michele De Carli: do any backgrounds, okay? So you have to look at this… at the material that you have, okay, and you have to learn it on your own, okay? We are going to see the report balance
14:36:670Michele De Carli: One week from now.
14:39:590Michele De Carli: Okay!
14:41:400Michele De Carli: Okay, so I will stop the recording here.
14:44:350Michele De Carli: And we go on with the day.
14:57:320Michele De Carli: Other cities.
14:58:920Michele De Carli: interface.