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00:02:920Michele De Carli: Alright. So sorry for the small delay. Okay,
00:08:00Michele De Carli: we were talking. So we introduced yesterday the concept of ventilation.
00:15:615Michele De Carli: Okay? And we fine.
00:23:50Michele De Carli: So we Hi.
00:31:230Michele De Carli: I started describing.
00:37:70Michele De Carli: okay, so I started describing the the
00:47:290Michele De Carli: okay. So I started describing the
00:51:950Michele De Carli: the, the concept of ventilation. And why we need to ventilate. Okay? As I told you, we start, we start with the small units or small applications. Okay, for residential and small commercial purposes. So here we have. Let's say 2. We have 3 main
01:15:790Michele De Carli: possibilities. One is this one which is the double, the dual flow. Okay? So you can see
01:24:720Michele De Carli: the,
01:27:600Michele De Carli: The
01:34:760Michele De Carli: okay. So you can see the
01:40:260Michele De Carli: alright. So you can see that we have the 2 but 2 fans, okay, one for driving the air from outside towards inside and one to move the indoor air, the exhaust air towards outside.
01:54:820Michele De Carli: of course, as it is described here. Okay? You might have also a
02:04:510Michele De Carli: you might have also a electrical unit, as in this case, okay, where, especially for winter time. You can preheat the air the outer air by by decreasing the temperature by releasing the heat from the exhaust air, which is anyway, has to be thrown away.
02:30:110Michele De Carli: So what? Which?
02:34:550Michele De Carli: So if you can see here, there is the list of pros and cons. Okay, so the the pros are, of course, the possibility for heat recovery. Okay, as in this case here.
03:03:770Michele De Carli: okay?
03:04:780Michele De Carli: And
03:13:560Michele De Carli: and we have the also a possibility to to handle the air. Okay.
03:22:70Michele De Carli: we can handle the air. Okay? By introducing a cooling coil here. Okay, which can cool and then divide. Okay? And
03:35:680Michele De Carli: this is also another possibility. We can also think to use
03:41:510Michele De Carli: in this case the air which is
03:44:617Michele De Carli: which is the pressure. Okay? Coming from outside. In this case, we could think about having a a ground, an air to ground heat exchanger. Okay, so
03:58:610Michele De Carli: we have no time to to talk about that. But let's say that basically, we can. We can use a plastic pipe, a plastic, a plastic dust. Okay? Which can be in a usually in that for about one to 2 meters. Okay, you can arrange it. Okay, you can.
04:21:459Michele De Carli: You can put it below the ground. And in that case the the good point is that
04:27:260Michele De Carli: the ground is usually at a higher temperature with respect to the outer air in wind there, and it's
04:41:250Michele De Carli: sorry, baby.
04:42:610Michele De Carli: but in winter the ground temperature is higher than the outer air, so you can preheat the air. Okay, entering the room
04:50:650Michele De Carli: and and in the summertime the ground is
04:56:250Michele De Carli: colder than the under air. So you can pre-cool the air. Okay? And could also, you might have also some dehumidification in case. Okay?
05:06:710Michele De Carli: Of course, you have to think about that. You are 1, 2 meters below the ground. So you're not in understood ground temperature. So the temperature is changing a little bit. But the the changes are, I mean, you might expect to have like 6 7 degrees in winter time, and you might expect to have 2022 degrees in summertime on average. Okay? Or let's say, as minimum and maximum temperature.
05:38:180Michele De Carli: So GAHE means ground air heat exchanger. Okay.
05:45:850Michele De Carli: you are controlling the the flow of the of the of the air. So you know, okay, because you're sizing your you know where the air enters and where you extract the air. Okay?
06:01:860Michele De Carli: And of course, you have a centralized maintenance, which is also a could also be a positive point. Okay, so when you have to do maintenance, you have just to go in one place. Okay? And this is
06:14:610Michele De Carli: what you can do.
06:16:486Michele De Carli: The calls are, of course, high cost, because you have 2 dots. Okay? And of course, if you have more users, you're not able to stop the the plant working. Okay
06:29:70Michele De Carli: with the air. Usually you're not allowed to
06:33:390Michele De Carli: to stop the airflow. Okay? Because if you lock one one doctor, okay, then you have
06:42:485Michele De Carli: noise. Okay? Because if you're obstructing too much, 1 1 duct. Okay, then there will be noise generation. Okay? And that is a problem. So it is not possible to stop ventilation in one dwelling or 2 dwellings. Okay, either you switch off the machine or yeah, it has to switch. And of course, you can limit. Okay, you can.
07:07:00Michele De Carli: You can have a certain, a certain range. Okay of of
07:13:03Michele De Carli: Which can you can modulate a little bit of range. But you cannot go below a certain
07:20:990Michele De Carli: bottom limit. Okay?
07:23:994Michele De Carli: So this is the other way, you can ventilate a a building. Okay, this is the so called the single flow. In this case you have just one
07:36:280Michele De Carli: fun. Okay, the fan is extractive here. So that means that you are under pressuring. Okay, the in the rooms. Okay?
07:46:670Michele De Carli: And we will see later how we can then make the air enter from the envelope. Okay, it is possible to do that.
07:56:397Michele De Carli: You can. You can do that. We will see later on how? Okay the in this case. This is the as I told you, this is the usual way you can ventilate a building in, especially here in Italy and France. Okay, this is a, a, a technology, a technological solution which is adopted in in Italy and Spain. Sorry in France.
08:23:930Michele De Carli: Yeah. I think also Spain,
08:27:740Michele De Carli: And in this case, of course, you you need that. That is what you are doing. Okay? So you are extracting the air by a fan, and you are blowing deer out from the house.
08:41:679Michele De Carli: The the positive point is that is, much cheaper than the other solution, because you have just 1 1 doctor, okay. And you can also adjust the openings. Okay, according to most of all relative, you can also
09:00:750Michele De Carli: also control the pressure. Okay? So you can add also, you can add also some some inlet, as we see, which are adapting to the
09:12:290Michele De Carli: the pressure in order to have the same pressure drop, so to have a constant flow. Let's say, right? Okay.
09:19:450Michele De Carli: almost independent from the wind ventilation from the wind velocity outside. Okay? Or you can. Okay, control, you can have some self controlling system with the relative humility. We'll see later on how we can do that.
09:36:835Michele De Carli: The calls are that the maintenance is delegated to the user because they maintain the filter. Okay, so this vents, then we'll have a filter and the filter and the and clean. The filter is responsibility of the users. Okay?
09:54:427Michele De Carli: You cannot do the heat recovery. Okay? Unless you're not using. You can do that. Okay, there are some. Especially. It is a solution which is which is proposed in the Nordic countries. Okay, like in Scandinavian countries or Balkan countries. Okay, not Balkan.
10:18:180Michele De Carli: Sorry. Baltic countries. Okay, in this case. Imagine that you have a a an evaporator. Here, you have a heat pump. Okay?
10:33:260Michele De Carli: And in this case you can
10:36:670Michele De Carli: subtract the heat from the outgoing air. Okay, to supply
10:46:40Michele De Carli: domestic hot water, because in principle, domestic hot water is needed all day long. Okay? So if you can, you can have a heat source at 20 degrees, which is the temperature of the air inside of the rooms. Okay for the heat path. Okay for the domestic hot water. Okay?
11:09:510Michele De Carli: More or less. Okay. Roughly speaking, we made some estimation.
11:15:280Michele De Carli: We didn't publish that. But I mean, we made some estimation, the overall possibility, I mean, considering the cop of the heat pump and so on at the end is equivalent to have a 50% of heat recovery. Okay, so is, it is equivalent. In this case. It is an equivalent solution.
11:40:15Michele De Carli: which is I mean, as in this case, with a 50% efficiency with on the heated recovery unit. Okay, so it's not bad.
11:52:850Michele De Carli: and of course, as we will see later on, I will try to explain you. I hope you will understand you are not
12:00:50Michele De Carli: 100% sure where the air enters in the building. Okay? Because you have some in some some vents. Okay, you have some openings, and as you will see in a while, you're not 100% sure that the air is really entering there. But I mean, it's not bad.
12:18:170Michele De Carli: And okay, and you're not.
12:22:680Michele De Carli: You cannot handle the air. Okay? Before entering, because the air enters at the outer temperature. Okay, the outer conditions. So temperature. And relatively
12:31:900Michele De Carli: so in this case, you're not you, you cannot. You cannot
12:38:90Michele De Carli: handle here. Okay, you cannot use a call to put and then divide.
12:43:650Michele De Carli: And
12:45:417Michele De Carli: this is the same approach. Okay? But opposite, okay, so this is also single floor, because you have just one fan. In this case you pressurize the the building. Okay? And then you have some
12:58:400Michele De Carli: outlets. Okay, going outside. I told you that this is mostly used in the Uk the pros are more or less similar to what we have seen before. The other pro is that in that case it is possible to handle the air before before entering the room. Okay, so in this case it is possible, for instance, to use a ground
13:20:400Michele De Carli: air heat exchanger. Okay, to preheated the air in winter and pre-cool the air in that side. Okay?
13:30:430Michele De Carli: And in this case, with respect to the other one, you have a good control of air flows because you know where you are supplying the the air. Okay? So you know that in these rooms you are reaching this room with a certain amount of fluorine. In this case, on the other side, you're not
13:50:430Michele De Carli: allow you're not. It is not possible to recover the the heat. Okay? Even in the other case, we we could in principle use a a, a, an evaporator of a a heat pump. Okay? And it's not always easy to balance the flows in in real conditions. Okay.
14:12:693Michele De Carli: and this is more or less the the differences. These are the differences between this system and the other single flow
14:21:490Michele De Carli: assistant.
14:23:150Michele De Carli: Yes, please, it is not very much. This is not used at all. Right
14:29:740Michele De Carli: like this is a solution which is almost
14:50:60Michele De Carli: you can do that. We will see that it's called only one only one solution.
14:58:850Michele De Carli: Thank you for recording.
15:01:460Michele De Carli: We will. We will have a special lecture at the end on this solution. Okay? Because, yeah, that is a a very interesting point from your colleague. Okay, as you have seen that, basically, the buildings are so well insulated that the power that you need in buildings okay, today is not that much? Right? So in, I mean from Denmark. Okay?
15:29:240Michele De Carli: But let's say, from the let's say, the central north of Europe. Okay. There was the proposal, the introduction of a unit. Okay? Which is basically this system here. And you have a heat pump on board. Okay, so basically, what you're trying to do is to heat up and cool
15:49:620Michele De Carli: the building just with the air. I think their system. So in principle, you can do that. And it's called all in one solution, because it's you have just one machine which is doing ventilation, heating, cooling and domestic computer everything.
16:04:810Michele De Carli: Okay, we receive that there are. There are pros and cons, of course, but I mean.
16:13:436Michele De Carli: but that is a good point. Okay.
16:17:370Michele De Carli: Now the the request did I answer.
16:21:865Michele De Carli: Okay. So what is what was your question? Which is the efficiency in this case.
16:40:946Michele De Carli: Okay, okay, the value is 90%. Okay. But I mean, the realistic value is 80%
17:04:569Michele De Carli: today. Okay, because they are special heat recovery units as we receive in couple of electricians.
17:12:960Michele De Carli: Okay? Sorry I didn't. there was a misunderstand, anyway. Okay, here, I want to try to explain a little bit
17:22:839Michele De Carli: the the the relative uncertainty. Okay that you have when you have a single flow. Okay? Like when you when you when you have a single flow, as we have here in in Italy. Okay, when you are
17:42:196Michele De Carli: the pressurizing the the building. Okay, with respect to the balance dual flow solution. Okay, in the dual flow solution. You know where you are extracting the air and where sorry where you are supplying the air and where you
17:57:760Michele De Carli: are, extract will be okay. So and you can in
18:04:800Michele De Carli: you can have an idea of the volume for rate or master rate. Okay, that you have in each room. Okay? So in this case, you know
18:16:910Michele De Carli: that the the ventilation flow rates are okay, which are the ventilation pro rates room by room
18:23:690Michele De Carli: in in this condition here instead. Okay, if you have. So, the ideal condition that you have in a in A
18:35:960Michele De Carli: in A is also a real condition in a double floor.
18:40:570Michele De Carli: Now, if we consider a single flow, okay.
18:44:570Michele De Carli: ideally, we ha, we are, depressurizing the the rooms. Okay, we have some inlets. Okay.
18:55:450Michele De Carli: in the, in, the, in the bedrooms, and in the living room. We exhaust the air always in the bathrooms and in the kitchen, where we have the pollution. Okay, sources. And also the vapor sources. Okay, so here we have the kitchen in the kitchen. We have the over.
19:23:130Michele De Carli: We are cooking. Okay? So we are producing humidity. We have the kitchen. Sorry we have the the bathroom, and in case we have also laundry, also the laundry.
19:34:450Michele De Carli: So if we are extracting here locally, and we have some openings then, in other rooms
19:41:600Michele De Carli: in practice, what we will have is that due today. I told you that when we talked about the infiltration, we have some legs okay in the windows, in the
19:55:620Michele De Carli: and
19:56:670Michele De Carli: electric plant, and so on. So that means that practically, if we are depressurizing these rooms, is very probable that the air will not enter really from the other rooms, but mainly from the legs that we have okay in these rooms. Okay? So basically, we are cleaning a lot of these rooms, while on the other side the other rooms will have less
20:22:120Michele De Carli: less flow rate than we could expect. Okay, so since the we here we are dead, pressurizing this room here, if there is a lack in the envelope, there will enter from this lake more than, or rather than entering from other sides of the rooms.
20:43:440Michele De Carli: Okay? So from other rules. Okay, because you have to think about that. Anyway, you have some distance, and this distance that the air has to has to cover is anyway a kind of
20:56:190Michele De Carli: pressure loss. Okay, it's a kind of resistance to the to the flow rate. Okay? And so basically, you will mainly okay, work at local level more or rather than working at the global level. But let's say that on average, it's better than
21:17:00Michele De Carli: no ventilated at all. Okay, so despite it is not, I mean the optimal or or the optimal solution. Okay, it is, anyway, better to have this solution here. A single flow rather than having no ventilation at all. Okay.
21:34:550Michele De Carli: perfect.
21:36:70Michele De Carli: And also you have to think about that. Anyway, you will have doors open, so the air will mix up in the building. Okay, over one day. Okay.
21:48:20Michele De Carli: all right. So how can you consider the mechanical venture? Wh. How you can? Let's say, install the mechanical integration. Here you have the
22:06:842Michele De Carli: okay, let's go 1st on this on this picture here. Okay? Let's talk about a single single flow. Okay, the the single flow. Okay. You can see you have in case of this of this
22:26:700Michele De Carli: large house. Okay, we we have different rooms. Okay.
22:32:250Michele De Carli: in this case. Maybe it's we? We can see more in detail
22:36:860Michele De Carli: here. Okay, that is a better, better sketch. Okay, the same sketch.
22:42:130Michele De Carli: more liter and larger. So you can see that here we are extracting in here, as I told you. Where in the kitchen? Okay, where you have the hobs, where you are cooking, where you are producing vapor. Okay, you might have also the
22:59:350Michele De Carli: the there.
23:04:360Michele De Carli: Well.
23:06:20Michele De Carli: not the washing machine, but the dish machine cleaning. Okay? And here you have the laundry. Okay with the work, with the washing machine. And in case also where you are drying the clothes. Okay?
23:17:870Michele De Carli: And you have the bathroom. Okay? So in this case you can see that you will extract here where you have the pollutant sources or the vapor sources. Okay? So which are basically bathroom kitchen and order. Okay? On the other side, you can see that either on the
23:42:130Michele De Carli: windows, on the frame of the windows or on the walls. Okay, you can have some special holes. Okay, with this vents, with these vents, okay, with these openings. Which can.
24:00:40Michele De Carli: which can be of 2 types, either they control the Delta P, so they keep the Delta P constant. Okay. And that means that you have a constant flow rate.
24:15:00Michele De Carli: or you can try, or they, they can open and close as a function of relative humidity. Okay, so you can control. Let's say, these openings can have a self adaptable area which
24:32:900Michele De Carli: could allow to have a a fixed pressure drop. Okay? Which means a fixed
24:39:280Michele De Carli: flow rate. Okay, through the through the through the opening, or they can adjust the opening and closing of these
24:48:968Michele De Carli: air inlet. Okay, as a function of a relative humidity. Okay? And how can you do that? Well, basically, they have
24:59:426Michele De Carli: and of course you put this where in the living room and in the bedrooms? Okay, so air enters should enter. Let's say this in the clean rooms. Okay? And gets out from the let's say, most of the rooms.
25:18:30Michele De Carli: So I see here.
25:23:210Michele De Carli: Okay, sure.
25:27:120Michele De Carli: Okay. Sorry I I didn't. Okay, so I will.
25:35:310Michele De Carli: I am almost at the end of the of the Powerpoint. I'm sorry I didn't. I didn't. I forgot to
25:41:490Michele De Carli: move these lights. Okay, before. So I want to show you how they work. Basically, okay, so this is the pressure, they say, the the, the the type of
25:55:330Michele De Carli: inlet, which is which allows to have a constant pressure. Basically, it's
26:02:200Michele De Carli: it works with the kind of a rubber membrane. Okay? Which and you can see, there is a hole here.
26:09:890Michele De Carli: So this is the towards outside. Okay, in case of wind blow. Okay
26:17:940Michele De Carli: or higher wind speed. Then, by increasing the pressure, okay on the on the envelope, on the facet. Okay, the membrane will
26:30:580Michele De Carli: large, and by enlarging will restrict the cross area. Okay? And then it will make a greater resistance to the airflow. Okay,
26:44:760Michele De Carli: so this is what happens in case of no wind. And this is in case of wind. So you can see that by and this is the Delta P. Okay, that you might have between inside and outside. You can see that.
26:58:362Michele De Carli: For I mean a a good range of data. P, you have almost a constant flow rate. Okay, so this is the self adjustable event, which is allowing to have almost a fixed volume. Flow rate because of this membrane. Okay? Which is acting. Yes.
27:19:910Michele De Carli: no. It was very much used at the in the up to, let's say 2,005, 2,000 in Italy. Well, okay.
27:31:490Michele De Carli: Mechanical ventilation is a well established and was mandatory in France since long time. Okay? So basically, the first, st the 1st companies which came here, or which proposed this solution. The the mechanical ventilation in Italy were French at the time. Okay. So at the end of the nineties
27:51:890Michele De Carli: or between the nineties and 2,000. Okay? So in France it is a very well established technology in Italy. It is not still mandatory. But it is.
28:04:670Michele De Carli: I mean, it's not really, explicitly okay, mandatory.
28:10:280Michele De Carli: But if you make calculations according to the
28:14:368Michele De Carli: Condensation issues, we did not. The energy building rapidly. Okay, so how many of you did the energy buildings
28:23:720Michele De Carli: raise your hand?
28:25:50Michele De Carli: Okay, you can ask them that.
28:28:920Michele De Carli: So I mean, if you have, there is a standard okay where you should make calculations in order to check if you have
28:39:310Michele De Carli: surface condensation or not. So which means that. If you remember the graph that I showed yesterday, okay, in this area.
28:47:690Michele De Carli: these standard. Okay, you. There are the methodologies. Okay, to calculate the con, the surface compensation support.
28:58:240Michele De Carli: So basically, if you don't do, if you don't use any mechanical ventilation system
29:04:280Michele De Carli: for the calculations that you have to do for the standards, you have to assume 65% of relative humidity indoor. Which means that basically we have conversation every time. Okay, so it is not mandatory. But basically, now it it has been in a new house. You you are not obliged to to install the mechanical integration system, but if you don't plan it as a designer.
29:32:760Michele De Carli: It's like a it's. It's like a
29:41:640Michele De Carli: it's like, I mean, hammering your your which ones I mean. My house is.
29:53:620Michele De Carli: yeah. Do you have new new windows.
29:57:870Michele De Carli: Did you have problem with conversation?
30:02:260Michele De Carli: But how large is it? How many people live there?
30:06:200Michele De Carli: It's very big. Okay? And is your mother there and open windows during the morning or day long, I would say, yes, yes. So that is why you don't have. You have no problems. There was a huge amount of problem when we had the 1st retrofit of building, especially with the with the windows. Okay, so windows where? Where, let's say, had some
30:43:260Michele De Carli: incentives. Okay, incentives so at that time people were replacing windows, and then they had problems in in of mold. And so on. And that was because there was not much enough regulation.
30:57:830Michele De Carli: I mean.
30:58:840Michele De Carli: you can do that. It's a back, okay? And of course you you. But I mean. Usually, as I told you, especially in new buildings.
31:08:870Michele De Carli: you might have problems if you don't use that. So it's not obliged. But basically it is
31:14:460Michele De Carli: so. It is warmly recommended to use that
31:17:250Michele De Carli: that was one of the solution which was used. It's not really much used anymore. Okay, for the single flow. This is a much more established solution. Okay, this is event. Okay, where you have and where the
31:35:920Michele De Carli: the you have a kind of a flap. Okay, you have a a kind of wheel which is closing and opening the the the inlet. Okay.
31:49:648Michele De Carli: and what is driving the opening and closing of the of the of this of this wheel is a hydroscopic. Okay?
32:05:463Michele De Carli: system. Okay? Which is which.
32:11:20Michele De Carli: depending on the relative humidity. Okay, so it's it's put on the inner side of the room. So, depending on the relative humidity, it will it will
32:22:173Michele De Carli: increase or decrease the length of this element, and by increasing and decreasing the length of this element, the the wheel is opening or closing. Okay? So the greater the relative humidity, then the greater will be the opening of this vent, the lower the relative humidity, the lower will be the
32:43:140Michele De Carli: crossing section of this vent. So basically, what you can do is that you have a wide range of opening. Okay, depending on the relative humidity. So if the relative humidity is low, that means that you don't need really much information. So the
33:00:450Michele De Carli: the and by having an increase of relative humidity, that means that you need more ventilation. Okay? Because at the end. I told you what is important in the residential building is the vapor content? Okay, the relative humidity. And by opening the by opening this bank. Then you will air. You will have air entering the
33:29:900Michele De Carli: web, which more air entering the room.
33:34:190Michele De Carli: Of course, in this case you need a variable speed. Fine.
33:41:200Michele De Carli: Okay? Because since you have different ventilation area, okay? And different ventilation rate in the rooms, the fan will have to adjust. Okay, the velocity, the speed according to the pressure drop that. So by working at, let's say.
33:59:180Michele De Carli: almost fixed pressure. Delta. Okay.
34:05:630Michele De Carli: okay, so this is this is example. So
34:14:440Michele De Carli: yes.
34:16:770Michele De Carli: So this is the single flow. Okay, what is? And and then we have the double through the dual flow. Okay, the dual flow. In this case, you can see that compared to the other picture that we have seen, this is more complicated. Okay, so you have the double of that right?
34:36:70Michele De Carli: If you have questions.
34:38:190Michele De Carli: Sure
34:49:250Michele De Carli: it is a linear system
35:05:99Michele De Carli: in the past. It was used in the, in the, in the window frame, or above that where you have the
35:13:40Michele De Carli: screen. Okay?
35:15:530Michele De Carli: And or they can also do a whole. Okay?
35:24:840Michele De Carli: And then you can arrange. Okay, this.
35:29:370Michele De Carli: Okay, similar somewhere, shaping the only way.
35:37:10Michele De Carli: Yes.
35:47:330Michele De Carli: here you have a fun. So what we are doing if you have the.
35:56:500Michele De Carli: you have the ducts which are driving here from the exhaust
36:03:20Michele De Carli: banks. Okay, so imagine that in each room. Okay, you have this Greece here. Okay.
36:15:120Michele De Carli: you have a duct connecting this grill to this system here, which is a planning. Okay, I will show you
36:22:580Michele De Carli: now. So this is plano. Okay? So you have, you have to imagine that
36:29:760Michele De Carli: all the systems are preferable to this system.
36:32:350Michele De Carli: Okay, so you have the dots which are usually in plastic. Okay? And you use the these dots. Okay? So these are the dots for the branches. Okay, from the grill to the planning. Okay, then, of course.
36:52:520Michele De Carli: these dots are driving the the air, so the volume flow rate will be greater because you have to sum up all the flow rates that you have from the train. Okay, so at that. And when you get the overall
37:08:490Michele De Carli: prorate, so when you have to.
37:12:50Michele De Carli: you can see that here. Okay,
37:17:290Michele De Carli: so you can see you have the planning. Okay, plenum is this kind of system here? Planning is a kind of box
37:25:530Michele De Carli: where you have a huge or a group, we're really increase or reduction of section. Okay?
37:36:740Michele De Carli: So you can see that here you have the 4 pipes you have to imagine that this could be the 4 pipes that are
37:43:580Michele De Carli: better
37:45:290Michele De Carli: coming from the different rooms, from the kitchen, from the laundry. And then the bathrooms, for instance. Okay, they connect. They. They enter here, of course. Then you have to.
37:56:330Michele De Carli: I mean, close them. Okay? So you have that you have flow, 4 flow rates that are reaching this point. Okay? So you have the sum of the flow rate. And then on the other side, okay, you will have a greater, a greater pipe. Okay, because the
38:15:810Michele De Carli: volume for rate will be larger
38:18:260Michele De Carli: and you will need a larger doctor. Okay? Usually for driving all the regulation.
38:27:760Michele De Carli: You usually use this kind of that. So the plastic dots are 9, 12 cm diameter. Okay? And they are okay. Driving someone centrally.
38:40:90Michele De Carli: So from here from the bridge to here we are there.
38:46:320Michele De Carli: these plastic dots. Okay, they come here. And then from here to the ventilation system. Okay to the fan, and you will have a filter and the fan.
38:57:540Michele De Carli: Okay? So you will anyway, filter the exhaust air. Okay? Because
39:04:80Michele De Carli: we have the customer. We have
39:06:500Michele De Carli: anything okay at all, especially in the future. You might have also.
39:12:800Michele De Carli: that's okay, or something like that.
39:14:840Michele De Carli: And in that case, then you will then, by the fun, blow the air out.
39:22:140Michele De Carli: Okay, don't.
39:28:260Michele De Carli: Yes. Okay, the adjustable bank. You can put them either on
39:37:680Michele De Carli: the frame of the windows, as you can see here, or you make a hole year.
39:44:940Michele De Carli: and then you have this plastic box, which is molded in the inner side of the room with this
39:50:940Michele De Carli: type of system, you understand. Okay.
40:21:910Michele De Carli: but no, no, casually, that cannot Suffolk with you soon.
40:34:100Michele De Carli: This one yes, I understand. There is a other connection that we are universalizing the bathroom and the kitchen.
40:44:780Michele De Carli: but if we are getting an air from outside of the kitchen, you will have a greater relative humidity there.
41:04:830Michele De Carli: but it would be lower than having no dealership.
41:09:830Michele De Carli: Yankees you will have if you have less regulation rate here.
41:19:820Michele De Carli: Okay, in this case, okay, with respect to this case.
41:24:190Michele De Carli: you will have a greater relative humidity here. But you will have a lower relative humidity here.
41:32:110Michele De Carli: At the end you will have doors open.
41:35:910Michele De Carli: Everything will be mixed up. Okay. So in these conditions you will have a relative humidity in the bedrooms, which would be the relative humidity in the bathroom here, with Sorry, the bedroom here will be lot greater than the relative humidity here, but much lower than the relative humidity you could get if you have no ventilation at all.
42:01:530Michele De Carli: Okay.
42:07:880Michele De Carli: okay,
42:16:67Michele De Carli: Yes, you can see that this is
42:22:08Michele De Carli: Okay. So this here you can see here you have a a.
42:27:190Michele De Carli: the the platinum. And also in this case you might have some special
42:34:346Michele De Carli: system where you have also the the fun. Okay? And then here, you see, you have the
42:39:860Michele De Carli: the exhaust the the main dot. Okay, going outside. Okay? And this duct will be larger than these dots here, of course, because the volume for it will be the sum of the other polyphores. Okay.
42:58:878Michele De Carli: for the double
43:02:210Michele De Carli: so for the double system, okay for the dual pro. Okay. In this case, of course, you can see it is much more complicated. Okay? Because you have the exhaust dots. But you have also the supply dots. Okay, so in this case you have
43:18:880Michele De Carli: greater costs. Okay?
43:23:130Michele De Carli: And you can see that you have to deliver the air in the different rooms by means of grease. Okay, of air inlets. Okay and the the. So you will have some air inlet here in the living room
43:39:350Michele De Carli: in the like in the corridor. Okay, in the bedrooms and or no. This is the other bedroom. Okay?
43:47:660Michele De Carli: And you can see that. Now you have the exhaust air going
43:52:960Michele De Carli: out here. Okay? And you will have to have another. Let's say, place okay, where you will bring the outer air, the fresh air.
44:06:430Michele De Carli: these 2 points, the green one and the red one. They should be at a certain distance in order to avoid the short circuit. Okay? So in order to avoid that, the
44:16:900Michele De Carli: the exhaust layer will enter again into the
44:20:640Michele De Carli: usually it is sufficient to have
44:23:780Michele De Carli: one meter more or less. Okay? So I mean, in residential buildings. Okay, of course, if it's
44:30:880Michele De Carli: if we, if you are ventilating a metropoli. I mean an underground. Okay? Then you need to. In that case, usually you just use a pressurized system. And but let's say, if you have large ventilation pro rates, then you have to put them far away. Yes, please
44:50:350Michele De Carli: shouldn't be in the same plan or no. It's there is no difference if it be in the same plan.
44:56:590Michele De Carli: What do you do?
44:57:640Michele De Carli: For example, they exhaust that rainfalls.
45:00:380Michele De Carli: Yeah, you can put on the same wall. Yes, they can be on the same wall. But you they should be at a certain yes.
45:16:160Michele De Carli: okay, this is a very interesting solution. Okay, especially for social housing, for public dwellings. Okay?
45:23:470Michele De Carli: Why? Because usually they are small building. Okay, more small flats. Okay? And in that case, you have like, the usually in all buildings. In all building blocks you have that the kitchens are, of course.
45:40:640Michele De Carli: one below the other. Okay, in terms of the bathrooms. So in that case.
45:46:31Michele De Carli: It is possible to have like, just exhaust. That's okay. Going out and with a relatively low cost of investment. Then you are, you have just one exhaust fund. Okay?
46:02:920Michele De Carli: And you will. You will exhaust the air on the top of the building. Okay, so this is a very interesting solution for apartment blocks. Okay, especially for the public dwellings or social or social housing. Okay, in case of retrofit, of course.
46:25:20Michele De Carli: Okay.
46:26:458Michele De Carli: But this is the case of centralized solution for the double for the double for dual flow. Okay, even though
46:33:590Michele De Carli: it's not very much used. Okay? Or to be.
46:37:210Michele De Carli: I have to mention it. And this is an example of what you can get. Okay. So you can see, this is one of the 1st examples of the mechanical navigation unit. Of course, you need some room where to place it. Okay, so you need a technical room or it. It needs some space. Okay, I have to say, I have to say that this is a picture of 2,000. Okay, so 2, 35
47:01:790Michele De Carli: years ago, okay, so today you can do that in a more, let's say compact way. But still.
47:08:350Michele De Carli: I mean, you need a place where to locate this system.
47:12:470Michele De Carli: Yes, please.
47:16:530Michele De Carli: Roof, yes, on the ceiling. Yes, yes.
47:21:770Michele De Carli: yeah. But you don't put it in the, in the living room or in the bedroom.
47:28:770Michele De Carli: Okay? So I will skip that. Okay, what about usually? They are. I mean, they are
47:38:670Michele De Carli: axial. Okay. Now, nowadays there is
47:42:990Michele De Carli: lots of use in the past. There was. They were only centric fund. Today, we have many excel files are really much used, especially because we have not really high pressure drops. Okay, so for single family house, we use excel files. Of course, if we have large, larger solutions, we can use where you might need more, a greater pressure drop. Okay.
48:10:40Michele De Carli: no pressure. There are no pressure had. Okay?
48:14:80Michele De Carli: And so this is what you you can have. Okay? Of course, the axial files. They are the
48:26:440Michele De Carli: less noisy than centrifugal fund. Okay? So that is why it in residential application, especially if it is possible, it's better to use excel fund because they are.
48:39:922Michele De Carli: They are quite. They are less noisy than the certificate one.
48:46:880Michele De Carli: Yes, i i i have already mentioned about how to. Let's say, use the dots. Okay? You can see. Also, there are some special features of that. Okay, in case you have problems of space. Okay, you can reduce the the
49:05:100Michele De Carli: the the dimension of that by having some. Some. Let's say,
49:19:740Michele De Carli: smaller. Okay, smaller dots, as in this case. Okay? I mean, from the hydraulic point of view, it doesn't change anything. Okay? So you have, almost, it's almost the same to have a circular or analytic overall duct. Okay?
49:37:336Michele De Carli: in the past. So today, I would like to mention just one thing. Remember, these are in the inner side. They are completely flat. Okay? So they are corrugated just on the outside outside wall. Okay? Because in originator who had greater flexibility. Okay for mounting them in a more flexible way. Remember, in case you are cooling and they humidify near, you need to have the
50:07:160Michele De Carli: insulation. Okay, you have to insulate the plastic pipes. Okay? So if you are just working with ventilation. So yeah, if you are just
50:16:420Michele De Carli: blowing air inside of the room, you don't need to insulate the plastic pipes, the plastic. That's okay. In case you are cooling and they humidifying the air. Then you need to.
50:28:680Michele De Carli: And you needed to insulate the supply
50:32:550Michele De Carli: that okay, the the extract that usually we don't need to
50:37:300Michele De Carli: insulate them because they are the same temperature of the room.
50:41:960Michele De Carli: These are already being selected. Okay, so this is not a problem, and then you have to do it
50:46:970Michele De Carli: and usually use insulated on both ways on the exhaust and the supply
50:51:570Michele De Carli: filters. Okay, I don't want to spend too much time on that. You will see that when we talk about the handling
50:58:817Michele De Carli: the features are important, because, you stop all the dust. Okay, and the the and the the
51:09:160Michele De Carli: the and you you may you you also, let's say, not only drive cleaner insight, but you also
51:19:440Michele De Carli: have less problems in maintaining all the all the stuff in the mechanical information unit, like heat recovery unit or
51:28:840Michele De Carli: calls, if you have calls people
51:32:691Michele De Carli: these are the inlet events. Okay, so these are the events that you usually use in in in small applications. Okay? And so you can see.
51:48:681Michele De Carli: in this case, these are very well established solution. Okay? You can have also a grill. Okay, what I, we will see.
51:59:438Michele De Carli: When we talk about when we talk about the air distribution system. Okay, you can see that
52:07:490Michele De Carli: behind the grill you have. Okay, there is a box. Okay? So this is also a so-called plano. Okay? So the plano is used in order to
52:19:706Michele De Carli: to stabilize. Okay through to to make the velocity more uniform. Okay, on the entering section. Okay. So in this case, or also in this case you can see you have 3 dots. Okay? So in this case you will have 3 dots reaching this
52:39:594Michele De Carli: this air inlet. Okay, and why? Because this is the this Air inlet is for a certain ventilation flow rate. Okay?
52:53:340Michele De Carli: In case you need the of course, I want to remind you, and we receive that. But let's say that each
53:01:340Michele De Carli: that is able to provide a maximum.
53:06:110Michele De Carli: Okay volume rate. Okay, so, depending on how much prorated in one room. Okay.
53:14:330Michele De Carli: you might need one dot, 2 dots or 3 dots. Okay, so imagine that in this case
53:21:300Michele De Carli: I don't know. The integration rate is quite large. Okay? Because you have a large room. Okay?
53:27:370Michele De Carli: And you want to supply the air with, let's say these plastic dots. Okay, because they are easier to install and also cheap. Okay? So in this case you can come with 3 dots. Okay?
53:42:570Michele De Carli: And so you will limit the ventilation, the the velocity in the ducts. And that is because of noise. Okay, again, when we talk about ventilation, when we talk about air.
53:56:530Michele De Carli: right? We need to think about that. If the velocity of the air inside the box and in the vents is too high, then we will have noise generation, because of the 2 braces that
54:08:820Michele De Carli: are creating. Okay? And in order to limit the the noise, we will have to limit the flow rate. Okay?
54:17:640Michele De Carli: And in this case you will have resources going to this to this Internet. Okay?
54:32:390Michele De Carli: yes. Here you can see, this is an example of what you can do. Okay, in the frame or in the
54:40:220Michele De Carli: in the rolling down shaving. Okay, this is what you can.
54:46:835Michele De Carli: You can also, you can also make a whole and
55:00:130Michele De Carli: and put the the renter on the on the wall.
55:04:90Michele De Carli: And okay, this we have already seen.
55:12:250Michele De Carli: Okay, now, this is a quite
55:16:270Michele De Carli: new solution. Okay, especially for retrofit buildings. Okay, but also for new business we already see
55:24:190Michele De Carli: later on. Okay, so of course.
55:32:150Michele De Carli: I come back to this slide here.
55:38:440Michele De Carli: But you can see that here. In this case you need lots of dots. So you need lots of dots. You need to install the dots. Then you have to use the full ceiling. Okay? So that
55:51:110Michele De Carli: so a a double, a dual flow system like this nowadays would cost around 2,000 €3,000. Okay? Which is, say the cost that you might have. Of course, if you are building up a new building, okay, or a new house.
56:12:634Michele De Carli: Then you might think about it. Okay, if you're working in a retrofit buildings, or if you're if you have here, we have a large house. Okay? But let's say that if you are in a flat. Okay? Maybe. In this case, you might use so called decentralized solutions. Okay, so this solutions means that you need the.
56:36:700Michele De Carli: it's a kind of plug and play solution. Okay, without that.
56:41:581Michele De Carli: You can mount it on walls. Okay? And you just have to put, let's say, to make 2 holes. Okay for the fresh air and the and the and the exhaust air. Okay, this is the heat recovery unit. Okay? This is the one which is providing the safe 75 to 80% of
57:05:600Michele De Carli: of heat recovery. Okay?
57:08:441Michele De Carli: You can see that it is because I'm excited.
57:13:270Michele De Carli: Section. Okay, we see why? Okay? Because in that case we can increase the heat, the heat recovery. Okay, the heat exchange.
57:23:640Michele De Carli: And in this case you will have the
57:28:210Michele De Carli: the outer air entering in. Okay, this way, and the exhaust air getting fired. Okay. So in the room, the air is entering here and going out there outside. You have the fresh air entering this way and the exhaust air going the other way.
57:48:200Michele De Carli: As I told you, 60 cm, one meter is enough. Okay for avoiding the a short secret. Okay?
57:59:80Michele De Carli: of course they are easy to maintain, because they are especially they are.
58:13:370Michele De Carli: They have been
58:16:590Michele De Carli: designed and and they are made in order to have maintenance from the inner side of the of the
58:25:990Michele De Carli: okay
58:27:50Michele De Carli: building. Okay of the room. So it they are easy to to maintain. Okay, of course, we have to think about that. If you have several rooms. Okay, you will have
58:40:590Michele De Carli: horse in, or that is visible outside. Okay, but I mean, that is something that you have to think.
58:47:458Michele De Carli: Also, what is important. There is no possibility to handle the air
58:51:770Michele De Carli: entering the room, because in that case you will have just information system. Okay, you you're not able to.
59:00:90Michele De Carli: it's like the air enters with, let's say, different temperature, but with the same relative sorry
59:09:950Michele De Carli: vapor content that you have outside. Okay.
59:13:863Michele De Carli: this is another solution. Okay, which can be done for
59:18:680Michele De Carli: it's similar. The concept is similar in this case. It is in that it can be integrated. Okay, on the external on the external installation layer. Okay, that can be used also for retrofitability. In this case you can see that you know the the earth is
59:36:840Michele De Carli: crossing or passing. Okay, here you have the exhaust and the and the fresh air. Okay, outside. And here you will have the air entering and and the
59:50:500Michele De Carli: the exhaust. Okay, so everything is. And and you can see that this will be installed on, let's say, or integrated in the outside
00:01:260Michele De Carli: insurrection, anyway.
00:04:475Michele De Carli: So that is also a solution which can be in principle considered. Okay?
00:13:160Michele De Carli: Or yes. Okay. And and then about singular solution, right?
00:18:950Michele De Carli: It's just
00:22:540Michele De Carli: the, there is a cheaper solution. Okay? Which is the so-called alternate flow decentralized solution. Okay, so in this case you have air.
00:34:190Michele De Carli: You have a fun
00:35:690Michele De Carli: working in one way and the other. You have a matrix okay, or a metal matrix or a ceramic matrix which is heating up by when you blow out the air. Okay? And then when the the fan is working the other way around. Then when it's supply the air from outside to inside, then the air will be heated up. Okay, more or less. You can get
01:04:940Michele De Carli: around about 30, 40% of
01:08:50Michele De Carli: heat recovery. Okay, the the problem is that of course, you will have exhaust air, enter into the through the to this matrix and then fresh air. Okay, so you have some kind of pollution from
01:22:820Michele De Carli: in order to the fresh air that you are pulling right?
01:28:885Michele De Carli: And also, this is another solution which can be used. Okay, where you have 2 different course. And you can use that. Yes.
01:39:480Michele De Carli: in winter, for the support solution is, hey, everybody. So
01:48:65Michele De Carli: yeah, the heat recovery is mainly useful. In winter.
01:53:830Michele De Carli: the summer you get not so much difficulty.
02:04:724Michele De Carli: also the single flow you have
02:12:760Michele De Carli: you. You are having air entering at the same temperature results.
02:26:90Michele De Carli: Okay, okay, yes, please
02:37:876Michele De Carli: to the or something like a gate to control for the meeting time.
02:47:610Michele De Carli: You might get insights, so much more
02:52:714Michele De Carli: can we added that to the facility.
03:02:120Michele De Carli: what do? What what do you do with the valve? I mean? Yeah, you have 2 files. So the 2 files are adjusted files.
03:15:430Michele De Carli: No, you you cannot. I mean you should install.
03:24:540Michele De Carli: But you don't do that.
03:27:330Michele De Carli: It's a little bit complicated. They were thinking about that.
03:30:730Michele De Carli: But it's complicated.
03:32:590Michele De Carli: Then you have 1, 1 heat pump, one chiller in each room.
03:39:60Michele De Carli: It's it's it's awesome.
03:47:830Michele De Carli: Okay? So
03:56:350Michele De Carli: now we move to the others.