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00:02:730Michele De Carli: So now
00:06:50Michele De Carli: we go on. And let's say I'm going to make a a, An overview. Okay about the Hc. System, or more in general about the mechanical, electric and plumbing which is part of the
00:20:988Michele De Carli: whether it's a more general group or of
00:26:380Michele De Carli: of system that we have, and in this case.
00:34:190Michele De Carli: Just a minute.
00:36:80Michele De Carli: Yeah.
00:37:714Michele De Carli: So the next so called mechanical electrical plumbing. Okay, these are, let's say, what in general, we have to the to design into size.
00:53:220Michele De Carli: The Hvac systems, okay, are part of the of of the
00:58:970Michele De Carli: of the plans that we have in, let's say, in a building in general. Okay.
01:05:833Michele De Carli: of course, electrical plant are also important. Okay, we because we have to consider the lighting. The ICT, okay, the the bms, not. Bm, okay, but bms, sorry. Building management system.
01:27:610Michele De Carli: Okay? Sorry.
01:34:455Michele De Carli: Okay. Video, audio, okay, okay? And then also the the appliances. Okay, so how to
01:46:770Michele De Carli: how to drive the electricity, the power part, or the light part, and so on. So electrical electrical plants are also as much important as, or sometimes more important than, Hc systems. Okay? Or let's say.
02:06:940Michele De Carli: more or less their signal as importance.
02:12:40Michele De Carli: and and then we have plumbing. Okay, plumbing is potable water, hot water, sewage, storm water, natural gas, rainwater collection and storage.
02:23:506Michele De Carli: So this part we won't look at that, because this is
02:27:960Michele De Carli: something which is not really too much complicated, and also is something that can be done by the architects. Okay, like the water management system, but also can be done by by us. Let's say, as an engineer, and okay, natural gas. That is a really
02:53:10Michele De Carli: quite
02:57:02Michele De Carli: it's complicated. But it's not. Again. It's not really difficult. But it takes a long, a long time to describe that. Okay, so the the natural gas safety issues and how to drive the natural gas into into a house. That is something which is, let's say, for specialist it is
03:20:60Michele De Carli: we are not. We have no time to look at that. Okay, so we will mainly look at Hvac system. Okay? Which is, as I told you, ventilation and heating and cooling systems. Okay, we are going to see how to size the hot water tank. Okay, especially
03:39:921Michele De Carli: but we are. We are not going to see how to size, the piping for distributing the hot water. Because, I mean, this is a little bit also detailed calculation, and yet we have no time at all.
03:53:170Michele De Carli: What is important that, you know is that if we if we consider the cost of a building
04:00:960Michele De Carli: the net, they are playing a major role. Okay? So this is at least the cost of
04:09:180Michele De Carli: the mechanical, electrical and plumbing. costs. Okay.
04:17:226Michele De Carli: at least 2550%. But it can be even 60 or even more. Okay? So when you buy a house.
04:26:560Michele De Carli: half of the cost or half of the house is today.
04:31:160Michele De Carli: you to then mechanical, electrical and plumbing plants. Okay? And more or less. Half of the price is for Hvac. And plumbing
04:41:100Michele De Carli: and half of the price of the electrical plants. Okay?
04:44:950Michele De Carli: So you can understand that. It is the. The. The plans are playing a role which is bigger in terms of budget than the architectural cost and the structural cost. And so on. Okay.
05:01:330Michele De Carli: so let's say that on average, the the cost for the plants are much greater.
05:08:210Michele De Carli: I want to give you just an overview of what we are not going to see. Okay, about the plumbing. What do you need to do when you make the the plumbing design where you go from the aqueduct. Okay?
05:23:170Michele De Carli: And you have to provide. Let's say, the fresh water into the house.
05:29:400Michele De Carli: Okay? So fresh water, which is
05:33:60Michele De Carli: going into the the facts and
05:39:60Michele De Carli: and also the water, which is then heated. Okay for the domestic hot water, which is also going to the tanks.
05:47:110Michele De Carli: Okay? So hot water is usually used in
05:51:493Michele De Carli: in the kitchen, in bathrooms, and what some other places
05:57:634Michele De Carli: and then, of course, you need to have to consider also the waste pipe. Okay? So you need them to deliver the water. The dirty water. Okay, outside. Okay, in common, or most probably most commonly today in in the separated okay lines
06:20:40Michele De Carli: for the very dirt water. Okay, sewage then, then the let's say so black sewage and and the green sewage.
06:31:260Michele De Carli: and then, of course, you need to also size the the soil and waste pipe and and and then you have to see how to connect to the public. Okay, sanitary sewer. Okay, so that is what you should do in for the plumbing. Okay, activity.
06:49:203Michele De Carli: It's not really extremely complicated. Okay, I want to remark that sometimes if the height of the building is is relevant, then you have to consider to install some pumps. Okay to pump the water. Okay in tanks
07:06:625Michele De Carli: which are then pressurizing the water, because usually, if you have 1, 2, 3 floors, it's not a problem. The pressure of the aqueduct is enough to provide fresh water, but if the building height is becoming quite relevant, then the pressure that you have available from the aqueduct is not sufficient to supply the water to the last floors. Okay.
07:29:920Michele De Carli: here, just to show you that, of course, things may be more complicated, and what is really important
07:38:990Michele De Carli: that has to be. Let's say design and installed before
07:46:750Michele De Carli: starting the construction. Okay? Because all this stuff is, let's say, interfering with the the with the basement of the building. So this in this case, you have to take into account carefully. Okay.
08:01:840Michele De Carli: the all the distribution system for the sewage
08:06:820Michele De Carli: and also for the supply fresh water. Okay, and that is how you can do that.
08:16:80Michele De Carli: What about electrical plants?
08:18:758Michele De Carli: I told you we won't see them in detail. No, we won't see them at all. But of course they are part of the of the game.
08:28:220Michele De Carli: and you can see that.
08:31:830Michele De Carli: Hey? What?
08:33:679Michele De Carli: What you might expect to have in the in a, in a building. So this is the structure as lab, okay, so these are the. This is the horizontal structure of your building.
08:45:250Michele De Carli: Of course you need to provide. I told you,
08:50:690Michele De Carli: electricity for lights, electricity for the appliances. Okay, the information. Okay? So the land, or whatever you have at your house. Internet? Okay, all everything which is related to the communication. You might have some. Let's say, also, audio, okay? And the sound, okay, can be also distributed. Okay?
09:17:670Michele De Carli: And you can see more or less what you can. What you can do. Okay,
09:26:100Michele De Carli: of course.
09:27:680Michele De Carli: You see.
09:28:850Michele De Carli: you have to consider that you have the electrical plant, and then we. You will have also the fresh water distribution system. Okay?
09:37:311Michele De Carli: So all this stuff is
09:40:40Michele De Carli: what I want really to make understand is all this stuff is okay, requires a certain okay, height. Okay? So usually, you install them. So you build up the structural slab. Okay? And then you have. You're you're building up the well, you can build up the the vertical walls or not.
10:03:580Michele De Carli: And then you make a second layer. Okay, with light filling materials. Okay, concrete plus some.
10:12:920Michele De Carli: Let's say light structures. Okay. Could be polyester rain or like.
10:26:210Michele De Carli: I don't know what how the English name is right now, but I mean, you can have some. Let's say some some light feelings. Okay, the concrete. And then you. And then once you and you have this layer, which is, let's say, making a uniform plane. Okay? Then you can install on top. Usually today, a radiance system as we receive.
10:51:320Michele De Carli: You can also do the acoustic insulation. And then you put on top whatever you need. Okay, so electric electricity, electrical plants are also important.
11:02:70Michele De Carli: And now I want to give you a little bit, the highlight of which are the the rules for the designing of the let's say Hvac system, but in general, of the mechanical and electrical, and the buildings in general, the construction sector in general.
11:21:710Michele De Carli: Okay, so coming back to summarize.
11:25:630Michele De Carli: I told you, the mechanical, electrical and plumbing okay is relevant. We just we look at the Hec system. Okay. But remember that electrical plant and the the water distribution system is also okay. Important are important elements. But we won't look at them anymore during the course.
11:51:340Michele De Carli: Now, why do we need some regulations? Well, because we need to.
11:57:620Michele De Carli: we need to. Let's say, state some rules. Okay? And we need to define some rules that we have to follow.
12:05:810Michele De Carli: Okay. You can see that the 1st loan was in the nineties. Okay.
12:13:910Michele De Carli: why are these laws necessary because we need to state
12:18:514Michele De Carli: what? Which are the steps to build up a building? Okay, the construction steps.
12:25:100Michele De Carli: Imagine you want to build up a house. Okay? So you
12:31:125Michele De Carli: either you buy or you have already some field, and you want to buy to to build up on top a beating. Okay.
12:40:270Michele De Carli: what should you do at the beginning?
12:44:900Michele De Carli: Sorry the construction of the system? No, no, it's it's it's a it's a completely green field.
12:53:00Michele De Carli: The authorization to with the yeah. But before has been money, I have the money.
13:03:520Michele De Carli: How much does it cost?
13:06:610Michele De Carli: It's important.
13:07:890Michele De Carli: I mean.
13:08:930Michele De Carli: if you have plenty of money. Okay, it's not. But even if you have plenty of money, then you will be even more interested in knowing how much it costs.
13:18:100Michele De Carli: Okay, so you need to set up a budget right? And now the problem is how detailed should be the budget, how detail should be there
13:31:20Michele De Carli: idea of your house?
13:33:420Michele De Carli: Okay, so now there is a problem.
13:38:480Michele De Carli: the authorization to build the authorizations. Okay, are you allowed to build up the building or not?
13:46:350Michele De Carli: Of course, that that should be done could be, let's say.
13:50:150Michele De Carli: in parallel with the money, I mean, because so usually you should you, you should. You should build up a building where you can build up a building, not an agricultural field, or
14:04:500Michele De Carli: and it depends if it's an industrial zone or a residential. But it doesn't matter. Anyway. Let's suppose that you have, you are allowed to build up the building.
14:13:10Michele De Carli: Now, how much so?
14:17:280Michele De Carli: What would you expect at the beginning to know more or less the budget?
14:22:140Michele De Carli: Should you go in detail on the on the design, or you just need some
14:27:270Michele De Carli: concept and some rough estimation of the costs?
14:32:180Michele De Carli: You don't have to go exactly. You don't have to go in details in the beginning. But
14:39:540Michele De Carli: so you need to have, let's say an idea. Okay.
14:43:640Michele De Carli: So the steps to be followed, let's say, from
14:51:820Michele De Carli: taking the or to to know if you have the budget or not. Okay, and and then to see in more in detail how the design can go. They are inside this
15:03:770Michele De Carli: legislation. Okay, framework.
15:06:820Michele De Carli: The last legislation, if I'm not wrong, is the one in 2,016, why did we start in the nineties.
15:14:00Michele De Carli: Well, I can tell you, maybe you were too young. But that is because, especially for public meetings, we need to set rules. Okay, so we need to set some, let's say
15:23:950Michele De Carli: boundary conditions to, let's say, do the to to build up the buildings in a proper way. What does it mean.
15:34:00Michele De Carli: red.
15:34:890Michele De Carli: You have to imagine that you us, let's say private.
15:41:760Michele De Carli: You need to check if you have none.
15:44:590Michele De Carli: So you need a provisional budget. So at the beginning. You need someone who will give you the concept. Okay? And who is roughly saying, which is the cost of your building.
15:59:550Michele De Carli: then you have to check if you have the money.
16:02:960Michele De Carli: if you have the money, or if you can get the money, okay, then.
16:07:970Michele De Carli: of course, you can go further. You can have a improved design. So you go more in detail to know if the budget previous budget is fulfilled, or you need to take into account some additional budget.
16:22:50Michele De Carli: of course. Meanwhile, you are paying. A person should pay a person. Okay, while doing this preliminary activity.
16:32:730Michele De Carli: Okay? So the services costs, they have to be already located so, and
16:46:460Michele De Carli: and then, once you have, let's see a perfect design. Let's say, then, what you should do.
16:55:870Michele De Carli: You have a perfect design, and you know how much it will cost
17:03:160Michele De Carli: an expert.
17:04:950Michele De Carli: You need the constructor. Yes, exactly. So. You need a constructor.
17:11:440Michele De Carli: So you need to, let's say, make a contract with the construction company. Okay?
17:16:970Michele De Carli: Or we, if it's a unique constructor company, or
17:24:440Michele De Carli: it can be constructor plus a plumber plus electrician. Okay? So it depends. So you can do one or 3 contracts. Okay depends.
17:37:530Michele De Carli: And then you, you build up the building.
17:40:540Michele De Carli: And meanwhile you're building up the building. Someone has to control
17:44:540Michele De Carli: that the building is built up as it is in the design stated. Okay, okay. Now,
17:56:960Michele De Carli: which are the steps? Then the steps are the the technical economical feasibility design. Okay? So usually, you are working at the very general
18:11:110Michele De Carli: in a general scale. Okay, the the state is one to 200. Okay? And in that case you just make the the volume more or less, of the building and the components. Okay.
18:25:180Michele De Carli: and the main pipelines. Okay? So the main pipelines means the the main, in order to know how much
18:34:210Michele De Carli: sorry good
18:39:500Michele De Carli: in in order to know the the the volume that you need for the the main 5. Okay, so you have to
18:50:140Michele De Carli: understand that when the architect is starting.
18:54:960Michele De Carli: propose in a certain building. Okay, you have to state
18:59:920Michele De Carli: how much the your let's say distribution the the distribution lines are, let's say, occupied. What is the the the size, the volume that you need? Right?
19:13:500Michele De Carli: Alright.
19:14:770Michele De Carli: You can see that above this ceiling that are plants.
19:20:100Michele De Carli: So it is very much profitable that above us there is still half meter. Okay of height.
19:26:690Michele De Carli: because we have to host the electric plant, the plan, the the Hvc plants, and so on.
19:32:640Michele De Carli: So, and maybe in the in the in the corridor. We might need even more space because we have the main dots. The main dots will be even greater
19:44:570Michele De Carli: in size than these terminal dots. Okay, so we need to consider the the main the main
19:54:460Michele De Carli: and volume.
19:58:770Michele De Carli: And and then.
20:01:110Michele De Carli: based on this preliminary, let's say analysis. Okay, we. You have a budget. You have a budget, and you know more or less the the size of the building. You will see you will check if the building has will have enough space. For instance, if you have enough space for the the rooms here in the university, okay, or the rooms in your house, and so on.
20:24:820Michele De Carli: And and then once you arrange you, you say it is fine. Now it is organized.
20:32:10Michele De Carli: Then in some countries you go directly into the final design. Okay, the
20:43:550Michele De Carli: or in the working plan. Let's say, in Italy, you do. Let's say an intermediate step. Okay? So we, the basically, the the design is 3 steps. Okay, so preliminary design, final design and working plan. In some countries you go directly from technical sorry, from the from the preliminary design to the working plan. Okay? So it's a, it's it's different.
21:11:350Michele De Carli: Let's say that in in reality, okay. Or let's say, in reality, in theory.
21:17:970Michele De Carli: the final design should be basically really
21:25:230Michele De Carli: overlapping with. Or should the the working plan should be then just
21:32:102Michele De Carli: let's say an exercise. Okay, where you define more in detail some
21:37:960Michele De Carli: some particular issues. Okay, but the final design is
21:42:890Michele De Carli: should be almost untouchable, should be okay, but sometimes is not.
21:48:510Michele De Carli: Anyway. In Italy we have 3 steps. So you go from one to 2,200 scale to 1, 200 scale, and then from one to 50 scale. So in the final design. You design all the secondary lines and initial systems. Okay?
22:06:280Michele De Carli: And then in the working plan, you go more in detail on several components on the on the thickness of the installation layers, and so on.
22:17:990Michele De Carli: And at the end
22:19:940Michele De Carli: you have the full list, complete list of what you have to buy and what you have to install. Okay in detail. So how many meters of 2 inches of pipes, plastic pipes you need for the distribution system. How much of it? I don't know.
22:39:637Michele De Carli: One inch and and so on. Okay, so at the end, with this list of components.
22:47:240Michele De Carli: then you go and and and go to a constructor. And and then you say, Well.
22:55:520Michele De Carli: give me your okay, your your potential costs.
23:00:460Michele De Carli: and then it's up to you or one or more contractors. Okay? And then then you select the contractors.
23:09:190Michele De Carli: If you are a public body, university municipality region, okay? Or ministry.
23:20:620Michele De Carli: The process is a little bit more complicated. Okay? So you should do in principle for each step.
23:28:630Michele De Carli: You have to select someone who is doing the work.
23:32:870Michele De Carli: So you have to select someone for the disability study. Okay.
23:38:20Michele De Carli: you have a tender. There must be a tender
23:41:690Michele De Carli: sometimes not, but there is a tender.
23:44:490Michele De Carli: and there are, let's say, designers applying you. Select the designer and you do the preliminary study. Then, based on this preliminary study.
23:52:770Michele De Carli: you have to select other people doing the final design, and so on. Okay? And when you have the complete list of costs.
24:01:640Michele De Carli: then you select the builder. Okay, which is going to
24:05:800Michele De Carli: build up the building. Usually you have just one contractor in the, in, the, in, the, in public buildings. Okay, in public.
24:12:990Michele De Carli: It works.
24:18:570Michele De Carli: The one of them the the most used. Let's say,
24:32:70Michele De Carli: it's very common that you try to skip some of these of these intermediate steps. Okay?
24:40:716Michele De Carli: Because you have to think about that. You have to do a tender. You have to select the the candidates and you have them to. So everything is delaying a lot, the the all the process. So usually what you do, you just make the feasibility study. Okay?
24:58:490Michele De Carli: And then, based on that, you make a tender where the participating builder is providing you a final design at this step.
25:08:390Michele De Carli: and is is and then is providing also the the cost or the overall cost of the of the construction. So in that case you have just 2 step. Okay. So you have the the preliminary design. And then, based on that.
25:24:670Michele De Carli: you. You have just, you have to select just one builder
25:29:940Michele De Carli: and the builder has to provide the final design. Okay, this is the concept of the so-called
25:39:270Michele De Carli: public pab, private
25:41:550Michele De Carli: partnership. Okay? Ppp, okay, so the Ppp is basically working on these 2 steps. Okay? In this case, it could be that the feasible study.
25:53:137Michele De Carli: Then. So it is, you know, that is made in order to reduce the timeline. Okay for for the process, for the
26:04:640Michele De Carli: decision process and the starting of activities pros and cons.
26:10:930Michele De Carli: There are pros because you can reduce the timeline. But the cons is that at the end
26:16:760Michele De Carli: someone will pay for the final design.
26:19:480Michele De Carli: Okay, so the the public body will not pay for the final design of the other.
26:26:840Michele De Carli: The builders in the tender.
26:29:380Michele De Carli: But what they have invested there, it will be charging the following, when they win. Win
26:35:670Michele De Carli: another, another tender. Okay? So at the end, these costs are paid by someone.
26:42:880Michele De Carli: And this someone is asked, okay, so but you had a a speed up process. Yes, please. Yes. Is this one inch to 200, the scale the same as the scale that's used in the maps.
26:57:280Michele De Carli: Yes, yes, this is the K that you have in the maps in the drawings. Yes.
27:01:370Michele De Carli: And so 1 cm means 200 cm. 1 cm means 100 cm. 1 cm means 50 cm.
27:09:420Michele De Carli: Okay, so this is exactly the scale of detail that you have sometimes.
27:17:780Michele De Carli: or in some applications, you can have even construction drawing. So you have
27:25:510Michele De Carli: drawing where you know exactly where a pipe has to go okay
27:31:130Michele De Carli: at this exact point, and these are usually were done in the shipyards. Okay? It's extremely important. You have very
27:40:890Michele De Carli: tight. Okay, spaces.
27:43:530Michele De Carli: And you know, you have to know exactly where it is. But it's also now something that it is done
27:50:987Michele De Carli: in the prefabricated constructions. Okay, one of the main issues today is how to say, limit
27:58:900Michele De Carli: the timing in the construction phase. So if you, if you if you
28:05:410Michele De Carli: do the work off site, okay, you will.
28:10:700Michele De Carli: you will earn time and money. Okay? So we you will save time and money when you're you're doing the work.
28:20:690Michele De Carli: So let's say, at this point
28:24:560Michele De Carli: you have selected someone who is building up the building and doing the cleanse. Okay.
28:31:410Michele De Carli: now, what should you do?
28:36:370Michele De Carli: Control? Perfect. So you have to control that they, they do it in a proper way. And remember.
28:44:760Michele De Carli: if there is a problem, the problem is yours.
28:49:410Michele De Carli: Okay? So for the control
28:52:661Michele De Carli: you really need to take into account that you have be to be in the on site
28:58:300Michele De Carli: as soon as possible. Not sorry. Not as often as possible. Okay.
29:03:60Michele De Carli: And all the decisions that are taken at the end are your responsibility?
29:08:590Michele De Carli: Okay?
29:09:660Michele De Carli: So the control
29:12:470Michele De Carli: has to be paid. Okay? And of course, and also the the safety issues also. This is these are 2 different
29:21:840Michele De Carli: passes.
29:23:730Michele De Carli: You build up the building, and you realize that there is a mistake in the design.
29:29:910Michele De Carli: What should you do so.
29:33:590Michele De Carli: redo the design, redo the design and do some other drawings? But then you have to update the drawing
29:39:960Michele De Carli: because it's not like it was the working plan.
29:44:380Michele De Carli: But this, this is as it will be built or as built. Okay. So meanwhile, you're building up the building and you're controlling the works
29:52:760Michele De Carli: you have to check. If everything is perfect or what is changing, and the changes have to be
30:01:130Michele De Carli: put in the S built drawings. Okay,
30:06:720Michele De Carli: And then at the end, you have the final.
30:10:880Michele De Carli: You, you have the building completed, the plans completed.
30:15:330Michele De Carli: And you have 2.
30:17:810Michele De Carli: First, st okay, so you have to test the program and you have the startup of your plans.
30:28:470Michele De Carli: Is this all?
30:33:730Michele De Carli: If I if I ask you, the answer is, No, of course.
30:37:640Michele De Carli: Why? Because you know you make the the, the, the
30:44:790Michele De Carli: you make, the the provisional bill, or you. You make a preliminary cost list.
30:51:430Michele De Carli: And at this point, you know.
30:54:540Michele De Carli: pipes, you have to buy them
30:56:770Michele De Carli: the the metal sheet for the, for the, for the dust. You have to buy them the lights you have to buy them, the copper for the wires you have to buy them.
31:05:830Michele De Carli: But then usually there is a voice which is service, okay startup and and the and the service. Let's say at the
31:16:390Michele De Carli: 1st beginning or the 1st operation of the plan, do you need that?
31:23:250Michele De Carli: No?
31:24:330Michele De Carli: Okay, no. Let's skip this. Okay. And then
31:28:200Michele De Carli: the the system is starting, operating, and it doesn't work.
31:32:420Michele De Carli: So now now the owner is ringing
31:35:710Michele De Carli: and asking why it doesn't work, and they say, Well.
31:39:390Michele De Carli: you didn't ask me to follow the the plans at the at the beginning of the of the operation. Okay, so this is part of the so-called facility management. Okay, but they say that this is extremely important, especially in new buildings. Okay, which are supposed to be efficient buildings and efficient plants. Okay, in that case.
32:02:940Michele De Carli: you know, in the past, when you had the boiler.
32:05:920Michele De Carli: it could burn more or less natural gas. It didn't matter. You could run at 10 degrees higher temperature. It was not a problem. Okay? So you could push it a bit. Okay? And there was no problem. Okay, you could make the pump working at a higher speed, or it was not possible at that time, because it was fixed fixed velocity. But anyway, the system was working.
32:32:230Michele De Carli: But today you have to really take into account that the temperature, the supply temperature is this one you might have to check if it's really balanced
32:42:880Michele De Carli: the the system. And when you have. When you have, say, so-called low energy buildings or efficient Hvac system, then you have to. Really, you should in principle, okay, follow the operation in at the beginning. Okay, when the system is started, the operation.
33:05:470Michele De Carli: anyway. Be ready to anything. Okay? So from the constructions from the beginning to the up to the delivery of the of the Hvac system. Anything can happen.
33:18:950Michele De Carli: And usually it happens, okay, so each is our, let's say
33:25:580Michele De Carli: usual, okay, you can do anything. One of the things I would like to mention today is that,
33:32:200Michele De Carli: of course, how you can avoid the hitches and risks. Well.
33:37:250Michele De Carli: working hardly on the 1st design. Okay? So working together with architects, the structural engineer, in order to let's say, end up with the common
33:48:510Michele De Carli: project. Okay? And today, the 3D, let's say, design, which is called the billing information model. Bim is actually working or helping in trying to avoid the hitches and and unexpected events.
34:07:190Michele De Carli: But they usually happen anyway.
34:09:380Michele De Carli: But you can. You can. You can correct that
34:12:600Michele De Carli: now, just to give you an example or or an overview. What is what is a preliminary design? Here you can see
34:22:449Michele De Carli: you are just the the the footprint of your building or rooms. Okay?
34:30:80Michele De Carli: And here, you see that, you need to provide a certain ventilation to this. Let's say.
34:39:300Michele De Carli: room environment.
34:41:219Michele De Carli: And at the beginning you have just to say which is the volume that you need for the ventilation machine. Okay? And the volume needed for the main pipelines. Okay, so imagine that this is like this room here. Okay, imagine that you have somewhere the ventilation system. Okay, inside the room. And so on.
35:02:320Michele De Carli: And now, okay, this is
35:05:990Michele De Carli: that ventilation system could be even on top of the building. Okay, so imagine that it is a retail
35:12:580Michele De Carli: as a room.
35:15:590Michele De Carli: So and then this is the final design and working plan. So you can see
35:20:750Michele De Carli: here you have the distribution, the main distribution dots. Here we have the distribution dots, and then from the distribution dots.
35:29:880Michele De Carli: Yes, yeah. This air inlets. Okay, so this is
35:34:470Michele De Carli: a potential sketch of what you get. Okay? Why do we have 2?
35:42:750Michele De Carli: That's
35:46:230Michele De Carli: one for the inlet and one for the outlet. Exactly so, for the air. We need to supply fresh air. But we need to
35:53:960Michele De Carli: to to exhaust the the air. Okay, so we need
35:59:941Michele De Carli: air to be supplied in the room, and there to be so. Usually we have to. Yes, I have no idea I took it from Internet. It could be that this is I have no idea.
36:19:677Michele De Carli: Yeah, this is extraction. Yes, yes, this is extraction. And this is data. Yes, yes.
36:32:710Michele De Carli: this is the inlet. We have more than the extraction, then the extraction is 1, 2, 3,
36:39:10Michele De Carli: 4, 5. Yes, this would be extraction, because it's very at the at the very end of the building. Okay of the room. So yes, I think so.
36:52:740Michele De Carli: Okay, just a few comments on the standards. Okay?
36:57:646Michele De Carli: Why are standards important? And which are the types of standards that we that we need to take into account?
37:05:10Michele De Carli: Well, 1st of all, standard is not Hello. Okay. So the the the standard is
37:14:120Michele De Carli: legal as well as a legal value, or the standard is, let's say, mandatory.
37:19:750Michele De Carli: If there is a lower national or national decree which is.
37:26:647Michele De Carli: clearly referring, referring, sorry to the standard. Okay? So you have a law. Okay? So you have.
37:35:520Michele De Carli: And in this law there are standards which are recalled in this decree, okay or
37:41:740Michele De Carli: oral. So that in that case this standard is mandatory.
37:46:370Michele De Carli: Okay,
37:49:740Michele De Carli: If the they sound like is not mandatory.
37:56:30Michele De Carli: why should you follow the standard
38:00:210Michele De Carli: because it's a good rule. Okay, it's a it's a
38:04:500Michele De Carli: it's a if you follow the standard
38:09:130Michele De Carli: you have a, you have a kind of guideline reference guideline for your activity.
38:16:270Michele De Carli: If you have a problem.
38:18:190Michele De Carli: Okay, if someone is complaining to the the.
38:23:680Michele De Carli: with respect to the, to the plan that you have size and design.
38:29:510Michele De Carli: Usually, if the, if you have to check okay, if in a.
38:35:940Michele De Carli: the court or in a preliminary assessment, okay.
38:40:390Michele De Carli: usually the the person in charge of, let's say, doing this work is usually looking at the standards. Okay, and it in in checking. If you did all.
38:53:70Michele De Carli: all the all the work following the standard.
38:57:290Michele De Carli: And if you follow the standard, you can say, Well, I did it like the standard steps. Okay? So I'm I'm I comply with the standards. And I I it's not my, it's not my fault. Okay?
39:12:230Michele De Carli: Are the standards always providing the the good technologies?
39:20:520Michele De Carli: Not really okay. You have to think about that standard
39:25:560Michele De Carli: has behind the so-called standardization process.
39:29:690Michele De Carli: You have to think about that. There are round tables where companies scientists are sit down
39:36:840Michele De Carli: and they are discussing a certain activity. Okay.
39:42:650Michele De Carli: so if you have an innovative product.
39:46:210Michele De Carli: and this is not a tip product, this is not a tip product is not inside any standard.
39:53:570Michele De Carli: Then you have to fight in order to
39:56:530Michele De Carli: get access to your product in the standard. Okay? So if you have a new.
40:01:10Michele De Carli: That system. Okay. New product. New?
40:04:500Michele De Carli: I don't know. Maybe some material, some new material.
40:08:915Michele De Carli: Then people who already sit in the standard and say, well.
40:14:740Michele De Carli: this is a new product, is not, cannot be, cannot enter into the standard. Of course, this is a lobby. Okay, what they have, they they have to do.
40:22:700Michele De Carli: And you, as let's say, innovative solution, you have to try to demonstrate that your system is okay properly can be properly integrated into the standard. Okay?
40:35:750Michele De Carli: So sometimes, especially for new products. Okay?
40:41:603Michele De Carli: The standards could not be ready. Okay, to to have these solutions. Okay?
40:52:03Michele De Carli: Sometimes the new solutions which are proposed in the market. They are just garbage. Okay? So it depends. And and probably or hopefully, they, they will never be inside the standard. Okay. But I mean, if you, if your product is good, technically valid. And then you have to fight and it works in the standard.
41:13:780Michele De Carli: Okay, so what are the standard. Let's say we have. Let's say, 2 types of standards. Okay, we will see them. One is the so-called product standard. And this is to say, not really certify, but to to state how a certain product has to be built up.
41:33:360Michele De Carli: And then we have so-called system. Standard. Okay, the system standard are usually used by this designers. Okay, the system standards are stating how you have to do the calculation and to follow a certain procedure for estimation of the load of the peak power, and so on.
41:52:150Michele De Carli: The product standard is how, for instance, irrigator should be built up, and we will see that.
41:59:70Michele De Carli: And now, which are the levels? Where are the standards? Valid? Well, it depends.
42:07:630Michele De Carli: Each nation has its own body. Okay, standardization body. In Italy. We have you and I,
42:18:290Michele De Carli: cei, okay and cig. So cig is the gas committee. And Cei is the electric committee. Okay?
42:30:927Michele De Carli: So all electric standards are type standards in Italy. Okay.
42:39:537Michele De Carli: all the guests, almost all the guests standards are jig.
42:45:720Michele De Carli: All the other standards, are you and I,
42:48:390Michele De Carli: you and I is. The body is the is, the is the standardization body body. Sorry, which is
42:55:920Michele De Carli: printing out and selling the standards. Okay, the work which the technical work work, which is behind the standard is usually held in technical tables. And in this case Cpi is one of these tables. Okay.
43:26:780Michele De Carli: so if you have to work on the standard. This is the right place. Okay? Then, when the the Cti
43:38:300Michele De Carli: right has has finished the draft of the standard, then this standard is, let's say, spread out for the public inquiry. Okay? Then, based on this public inquiry, depending on the on the on the comments that you get.
43:56:810Michele De Carli: then you can correct the standard or the standard will be
44:02:270Michele De Carli: not, will not pass. Okay, then, after the review phase, there is a second public a second
44:12:80Michele De Carli: review. Okay, let's see where, then, this standard can become a standard one.
44:18:170Michele De Carli: Okay, then, and then it will be published by you. And I? Okay, that is more as the
44:27:770Michele De Carli: in the last, let's say, 25 years, 30.
44:33:610Michele De Carli: There was a also a movement or a work trying to homogenize the national standard into common European standards.
44:46:740Michele De Carli: And it's important, because today the market is European. But
44:51:590Michele De Carli: of course, it's even wider. Okay, so if you have common European standards, then your product will not be sold just in Italy, but can be sold in
45:04:637Michele De Carli: Germany and France. So it is important to have a common standard. Okay? So the the committee for that organization is Cpm.
45:16:760Michele De Carli: European Standard Committee, and usually
45:24:100Michele De Carli: when a year standard is published, then this standard is also national standard. Okay? So there might be some slightly changes. Okay, due to the
45:34:700Michele De Carli: some. Some well, not for product standards. Okay, but for system standards there might be some more changes. Product standard is Pn. Standard is
45:45:620Michele De Carli: almost none of them
45:49:250Michele De Carli: which are the countries which are participating to the same. The European Union plus Switzerland and Norway. And also Uk.
45:58:620Michele De Carli: okay? So let's say that the Em standard can be sold anywhere in Europe. Okay.
46:06:333Michele De Carli: and then we have. Isaac Iso is volunteer base standards.
46:18:930Michele De Carli: and it can be worldwide. I want to remark that an Iso standard can be a year. Standard. Okay.
46:27:180Michele De Carli: if there is the so-called Vienna agreement. Okay? So
46:31:70Michele De Carli: when starting building up a standard, there is an agreement between the Iso committee or the iso organization. And the same, okay? So that what is, let's say, coming out from the standard can become also Iso standard.
46:48:190Michele De Carli: Okay?
46:51:90Michele De Carli: And also today, there is a greater. Let's say.
46:55:660Michele De Carli: violent. Okay, operation between Ian and other. Okay?
47:00:850Michele De Carli: And then we have another type of standard which are the Ashley
47:06:753Michele De Carli: Asha is the American Society of heating and preservation and air conditioning man, they are
47:13:390Michele De Carli: America, North America. So it's us and Canada members.
47:20:906Michele De Carli: Usually this azure either have their own standards. Okay.
47:25:950Michele De Carli: many times. They're very. They are very close to the Es standards.
47:31:210Michele De Carli: Sometimes they are different. Okay, so Asherai is used in North America.
47:40:180Michele De Carli: But also it is very widely used in commonwealth, and also Middle East. Okay? Because, historically, the the
47:51:260Michele De Carli: the American were
47:53:80Michele De Carli: working a lot in Middle East. Okay with the the oil technologies, and so on. And they and they introduced the asherent
48:00:323Michele De Carli: so the American standards say, the Asher standard. Okay? So today, the the most few standards in this area are national standards. Okay.
48:12:740Michele De Carli: okay, so before leaving, okay, I would like to warmly recommend
48:22:320Michele De Carli: to. Subscribe to Icon. Okay, icon is the Italian Association of Heating and cooling
48:30:714Michele De Carli: system. Okay, being as a student, and you can pay and and yearly
48:42:340Michele De Carli: fee as a student up to the 30 years old. It's not that much. But there you can find. Okay updating. Updated the information. Okay.
48:57:120Michele De Carli: so you can log in and you can check or you Googling. And you go to the website, let's say, and you can have a look at the icon. Okay, here. This is the the video for which is introducing Icon.
49:13:440Michele De Carli: I care is member of Riva. Riva is umbrella. Okay, organization at the European level. You can see that it's not only cm, but also some some other countries. Okay, like Turkey bacon areas.
49:26:310Michele De Carli: And so it is. An interesting.
49:32:540Michele De Carli: it is an interesting association. Okay, which is which is which is really important for you.
49:41:770Michele De Carli: Mark 1 1 last last comment for today. Okay, I would like to remark that in this course
49:52:650Michele De Carli: you will have just the backup. Okay? So
49:56:550Michele De Carli: when you finish the course. You will understand what
50:01:520Michele De Carli: designing an Hvac system in. Okay?
50:05:351Michele De Carli: I would like to highlight that this is really a difficult issue. Okay, so to become an independent Hvac designer. It takes years. Okay? So it's very complicated.
50:19:250Michele De Carli: But this is also what is really.
50:22:50Michele De Carli: I mean, fascinating. Okay? Because it is a very wide okay range of let's say, activities of knowledge. Okay? And what is important for you to understand is that you have always to be updated. And being in a summer of in one associations like that.
50:49:460Michele De Carli: it helps in in keeping you updated, which is extremely important. Okay for your future. Okay?
51:00:600Michele De Carli: Okay? So if you have no questions, I think we have enough for today for the 1st lecture, and we see together again tomorrow. Yes.
51:13:360Michele De Carli: is it? Okay? If we start 2010 min before I don't know what is your scheduling? If you're able to start at 1220 or
51:22:770Michele De Carli: the future.
51:23:910Michele De Carli: 1, 2, 9, 1, 2, 9 in general.
51:28:670Michele De Carli: it's difficult. Okay? Then we keep the ruler. Okay.
51:33:660Michele De Carli: System.
51:35:680Michele De Carli: Okay? Okay? Good. Okay. See you tomorrow.